8,628 research outputs found
The Photophysics Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Adsorbed On Silica Gel Surfaces: A Lifetime Distribution Analysis Approach
The relaxation process of excited molecules, in homogeneous systems, is routinely studied through the measurements of fluorescence lifetimes and fluorescence quantum yields. From these data, the radiative decay rate, and hence the non-radiative decay rate, can be easily derived. Effort has been made, in the present work, to conduct such a fundamental study with molecules adsorbed on silica gel surfaces.;The photophysics of six polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), comprising phenanthrene, chrysene, pyrene, perylene, benzoperylene and coronene, adsorbed on variously dehydroxylated silica gel surfaces, has been investigated in this work. It has been observed that the fluorescence lifetimes of these adsorbed PAHs are dispersed into distributions, and that the recovery of these distributions is highly unstable, known as an ill-conditioned problem. In this thesis is discussed, in detail, the problem of the instability of lifetime distribution analysis. The regularization method of Phillips is used to obtain stable solutions. Based on these studies, a bimodal lifetime distribution, which represents the PAH molecules adsorbed on two types of surface sites, is suggested to describe the photophysical behaviour of the PAHs on the silica gel surfaces.;The fluorescence quantum yields of these PAHs have been measured by a diffuse reflectance method and also by an integrating sphere method. These results are then used, in conjunction with the measured lifetime distributions, to derive the radiative decay rates and the non-radiative decay rates for the PAH molecules adsorbed on each type of surface sites.;The so obtained lifetime distributions and quantum yields, as well as the derived radiative and non-radiative decay rates, seem to be physically plausible and self-consistent, which suggests that the techniques used are justifiable. The photophysics of the PAH adsorbed on silica gel surfaces is then discussed on the basis of these data
Empirical extinction coefficients for the GALEX, SDSS, 2MASS and WISE passbands
Using the "standard pair" technique of paring stars of almost nil and high
extinction but otherwise of almost identical stellar parameters from the SDSS,
and combing the SDSS, GALEX, 2MASS and WISE photometry ranging from the far UV
to the mid-IR, we have measured dust reddening in the FUV-NUV, NUV-u, u-g, g-r,
r-i, i-z, z-J, J-H, H-Ks, Ks-W1 and W1-W2 colors for thousands of Galactic
stars. The measurements, together with the E(B-V) values given by Schlegel et
al. (1998), allow us to derive the observed, model-free reddening coefficients
for those colors. The results are compared with previous measurements and the
predictions of a variety of Galactic reddening laws. We find that 1) The dust
reddening map of Schlegel et al. (1998) over-estimates E(B-V) by about 14 per
cent, consistent with the recent work of Schlafly et al. (2010) and Schlafly &
Finkbeiner (2011); 2) All the new reddening coefficients, except those for
NUV-u and u-g, prefer the R(V) = 3.1 Fitzpatrick reddening law rather than the
R(V) = 3.1 CCM and O'Donnell (O'Donnell 1994) reddening laws. Using the Ks-band
extinction coefficient predicted by the R(V) = 3.1 Fitzpatrick law and the
observed reddening coefficients, we have deduced new extinction coefficients
for the FUV, NUV, u, g, r, i, z, J, H, W1 and W2 passbands. We recommend that
the new reddening and extinction coefficients should be used in the future and
an update of the Fitzpatrick reddening law in the UV is probably necessary. We
stress however that the FUV- and NUV-band coefficients should be used with
caution given their relatively large measurement uncertainties. Finally,
potential applications of the "standard pair" technique with the LAMOST
Galactic surveys are discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted to MNRA
Potential Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 System against Herpesvirus Infections.
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied in the genome editing and disruption of latent infections for herpesviruses such as the herpes simplex virus, Epstein⁻Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. CRISPR/Cas9-directed mutagenesis can introduce similar types of mutations to the viral genome as can bacterial artificial chromosome recombination engineering, which maintains and reconstitutes the viral genome successfully. The cleavage mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 enables the manipulation of disease-associated viral strains with unprecedented efficiency and precision. Additionally, current therapies for herpesvirus productive and latent infections are limited in efficacy and cannot eradicate viruses. CRISPR/Cas9 is potentially adapted for antiviral treatment by specifically targeting viral genomes during latent infections. This review, which focuses on recently published progress, suggests that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is not only a useful tool for basic virology research, but also a promising strategy for the control and prevention of herpesvirus latent infections
A Submillimeter Burst of S255IR~SMA1 - The Rise And Fall Of Its Luminosity
Temporal photometric variations at near infrared to submillimeter wavelengths
have been found in low-mass young stellar objects. These phenomena are
generally interpreted as accretion events of star-disk systems with varying
accretion rates. There is growing evidence suggesting that similar luminosity
flaring also occurs in high-mass star/cluster-forming regions. We report in
this Letter the rise and fall of the 900 m continuum emission and the
newly found 349.1 GHz methanol maser emission in the massive star forming
region S255IR~SMA1 observed with the Submillimeter Array and the Atacama Large
Millimeter/submillimeter Array. The level of flux variation at a factor of
2 at the submillimeter band and the relatively short 2-year duration of
this burst suggest that the event is probably similar to those milder and more
frequent minor bursts seen in 3D numerical simulations.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical
Journal Lette
First Abundance Measurement of Organic Molecules in the Atmosphere of HH 212 Protostellar Disk
HH 212 is one of the well-studied protostellar systems, showing the first
vertically resolved disk with a warm atmosphere around the central protostar.
Here we report a detection of 9 organic molecules (including newly detected
ketene, formic acid, deuterated acetonitrile, methyl formate, and ethanol) in
the disk atmosphere, confirming that the disk atmosphere is, for HH 212, the
chemically rich component, identified before at a lower resolution as a
"hot-corino". More importantly, we report the first systematic survey and
abundance measurement of organic molecules in the disk atmosphere within
40 au of the central protostar. The relative abundances of these molecules are
similar to those in the hot corinos around other protostars and in Comet
Lovejoy. These molecules can be either (i) originally formed on icy grains and
then desorbed into gas phase or (ii) quickly formed in the gas phase using
simpler species ejected from the dust mantles. The abundances and spatial
distributions of the molecules provide strong constraints on models of their
formation and transport in star formation. These molecules are expected to form
even more complex organic molecules needed for life and deeper observations are
needed to find them.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure
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