Universal Thermoelectric Effect of Dirac Fermions in Graphene

We numerically study the thermoelectric transports of Dirac fermions in graphene in the presence of a strong magnetic field and disorder. We find that the thermoelectric transport coefficients demonstrate universal behavior depending on the ratio between the temperature and the width of the disorder-broadened Landau levels(LLs). The transverse thermoelectric conductivity $\alpha_{xy}$ reaches a universal quantum value at the center of each LL in the high temperature regime, and it has a linear temperature dependence at low temperatures. The calculated Nernst signal has a peak at the central LL with heights of the order of $k_B/e$, and changes sign near other LLs, while the thermopower has an opposite behavior, in good agreement with experimental data. The validity of the generalized Mott relation between the thermoelectric and electrical transport coefficients is verified in a wide range of temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, published versio

The Mercedes flap: a modified closure for circular skin defects around the eyebrow

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/113709/1/ced12201.pd

Absence of dynamical gap generation in suspended graphene

There is an interesting proposal that the long-range Coulomb interaction in suspended graphene can generate a dynamical gap, which leads to a semimetal-insulator phase transition. We revisit this problem by solving the self-consistent Dyson-Schwinger equations of wave function renormalization and fermion gap. In order to satisfy the Ward identity, a suitable vertex function is introduced. The impacts of singular velocity renormalization and dynamical screening on gap generation are both included in this formalism, and prove to be very important. We obtain a critical interaction strength, $3.2 < \alpha_{c} < 3.3$, which is larger than the physical value $\alpha = 2.16$ for suspended graphene. It therefore turns out that suspended graphene is a semimetal, rather than insulator, at zero temperature.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl

EFFECTIVENESS OF INTERGENERATIONAL PROGRAM IN IMPROVING COMMUNITY SENIOR CITIZENS’ GENERAL HEALTH AND HAPPINESS

Intergenerational programs (IGPs) encourage senior citizens tocontinue engaging in social participation, preserving their independence, andenriching their later life. However, IGPs in Taiwan (IGPs-T) are notprevalent and generally more apply between children and senior citizensexist only, which lack in-depth exchanges the senior citizen‘s life experienceand communication the young people. Relevant empirical results regardingthe effectiveness of IGPs activities on community senior citizens‘ health andhappiness are lacking. The objective of this study was to improve the mutualunderstanding and inclusion between community senior citizens and younggenerations, thereby improving the senior citizens‘ physical and mentalhealth functions and happiness.This was a two-group pre and post-test quasi-experimental studydesign and purposive sampling was used to recruit community senior citizensin Taipei City as research participants (N = 118). The experimental group (n= 55) received 90-min IGP-T activities once a week for 8 weeks. The controlgroup (n = 63) received general health services providing by communityhealth nurses in community.The outcomes of the experimental group significant progress in thehappiness (t=2.82, p=.007), and emotional well-being (EWB) (t=4.61,p≦.001) from pre-test to post-test. And the experimental group wassignificantly superior to control group in perceived health status (PHS)(t=3.79, p≦.001), happiness (t=3.82, p≦.001), and emotional well-being(EWB) (t=4.93, p≦.001) at post-test, and achieve a statistically significantdifference

Discrete chaotic states of a Bose-Einstein condensate

We find the different spatial chaos in a one-dimensional attractive Bose-Einstein condensate interacting with a Gaussian-like laser barrier and perturbed by a weak optical lattice. For the low laser barrier the chaotic regions of parameters are demonstrated and the chaotic and regular states are illustrated numerically. In the high barrier case, the bounded perturbed solutions which describe a set of discrete chaotic states are constructed for the discrete barrier heights and magic numbers of condensed atoms. The chaotic density profiles are exhibited numerically for the lowest quantum number, and the analytically bounded but numerically unbounded Gaussian-like configurations are confirmed. It is shown that the chaotic wave packets can be controlled experimentally by adjusting the laser barrier potential.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Thermal conduction of carbon nanotubes using molecular dynamics

The heat flux autocorrelation functions of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with different radius and lengths is calculated using equilibrium molecular dynamics. The thermal conductance of CNTs is also calculated using the Green-Kubo relation from the linear response theory. By pointing out the ambiguity in the cross section definition of single wall CNTs, we use the thermal conductance instead of conductivity in calculations and discussions. We find that the thermal conductance of CNTs diverges with the CNT length. After the analysis of vibrational density of states, it can be concluded that more low frequency vibration modes exist in longer CNTs, and they effectively contribute to the divergence of thermal conductance.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review

Persistence, extinction and spatio-temporal synchronization of SIRS cellular automata models

Spatially explicit models have been widely used in today's mathematical ecology and epidemiology to study persistence and extinction of populations as well as their spatial patterns. Here we extend the earlier work--static dispersal between neighbouring individuals to mobility of individuals as well as multi-patches environment. As is commonly found, the basic reproductive ratio is maximized for the evolutionary stable strategy (ESS) on diseases' persistence in mean-field theory. This has important implications, as it implies that for a wide range of parameters that infection rate will tend maximum. This is opposite with present results obtained in spatial explicit models that infection rate is limited by upper bound. We observe the emergence of trade-offs of extinction and persistence on the parameters of the infection period and infection rate and show the extinction time having a linear relationship with respect to system size. We further find that the higher mobility can pronouncedly promote the persistence of spread of epidemics, i.e., the phase transition occurs from extinction domain to persistence domain, and the spirals' wavelength increases as the mobility increasing and ultimately, it will saturate at a certain value. Furthermore, for multi-patches case, we find that the lower coupling strength leads to anti-phase oscillation of infected fraction, while higher coupling strength corresponds to in-phase oscillation.Comment: 12page

FLEET: Butterfly Estimation from a Bipartite Graph Stream

We consider space-efficient single-pass estimation of the number of butterflies, a fundamental bipartite graph motif, from a massive bipartite graph stream where each edge represents a connection between entities in two different partitions. We present a space lower bound for any streaming algorithm that can estimate the number of butterflies accurately, as well as FLEET, a suite of algorithms for accurately estimating the number of butterflies in the graph stream. Estimates returned by the algorithms come with provable guarantees on the approximation error, and experiments show good tradeoffs between the space used and the accuracy of approximation. We also present space-efficient algorithms for estimating the number of butterflies within a sliding window of the most recent elements in the stream. While there is a significant body of work on counting subgraphs such as triangles in a unipartite graph stream, our work seems to be one of the few to tackle the case of bipartite graph streams.Comment: This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of ACM for your personal use. Not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Seyed-Vahid Sanei-Mehri, Yu Zhang, Ahmet Erdem Sariyuce and Srikanta Tirthapura. "FLEET: Butterfly Estimation from a Bipartite Graph Stream". The 28th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Managemen

Impacts of Filtration on Contrast-Detail Detectability of an X-ray Imaging System

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of added filtration on the contrast-detail detectability of a digital X-ray imaging system for small animal studies. A digital X-ray imaging system specifically designed for small animal studies was used. This system is equipped with a micro X-ray source with a tungsten target and a beryllium window filtration and a CCD-based digital detector. Molybdenum filters of 0 mm, 0.02 mm, and 0.05 mm in thickness were added. The corresponding X-ray spectra and contrast-detail detectabilities were measured using two phantoms of different thicknesses simulating breast tissue under different exposures. The added Mo filters reduced the low-energy as well as the high-energy photons, hence providing a narrowband for imaging quality improvement. In the experiments with a 1.15 cm phantom, the optimal image detectability was observed using 22 kVp and the 0.05 mm Mo filter. With the 2.15 cm phantom, the best detectability was obtained with 22 kVp and the 0.02 mm Mo filter. Our experiments showed that appropriate filtrations could reduce certain low- and high-energy components of X-ray spectra which have limited contributions to image contrast. At the same time, such filtration could improve the contrast-detail detectability, particularly at relatively low kVp and high filtration. Therefore, optimal image quality can be obtained with the same absorbed radiation dose by the subjects when appropriate filtration is used

Dielectric nonlinearity of relaxor ferroelectric ceramics at low ac drives

Dielectric nonlinear response of (PbMg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$O$_3$)$_{0.9}$(PbTiO$_3$)$_{0.1}$ (0.9PMN-0.1PT) relaxor ceramics was investigated under different ac drive voltages. It was observed that: (i) the dielectric permittivity is independent on ac field amplitude at high temperatures; (ii) with increasing ac drive, the permittivity maximum increases, and the temperature of the maximum shifts to lower temperature; (iii) the nonlinear effect is weakened when the measurement frequency increases. The influences of increasing ac drive were found to be similar to that of decreasing frequency. It is believed that the dielectric nonlinearities of relaxors at low drives can be explained by the phase transition theory of ergodic space shrinking in succession. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed on the flips of micro polarizations at low ac drives to verify the theory.Comment: Submitted to J. Phys.: Cond. Matte