50 research outputs found
Emerging chiral edge states from the confinement of a magnetic Weyl semimetal in CoSnS
The quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) and magnetic Weyl semimetals (WSMs)
are topological states induced by intrinsic magnetic moments and spin-orbit
coupling. Their similarity suggests the possibility of achieving the QAHE by
dimensional confinement of a magnetic WSM along one direction. In this study,
we investigate the emergence of the QAHE in the two-dimensional (2D) limit of
magnetic WSMs due to finite size effects in thin films and step-edges. We
demonstrate the feasibility of this approach with effective models and real
materials. To this end, we have chosen the layered magnetic WSM
CoSnS, which features a large anomalous Hall conductivity and
anomalous Hall angle in its 3D bulk, as our material candidate. In the 2D limit
of CoSnS two QAHE states exist depending on the stoichiometry of
the 2D layer. One is a semimetal with a Chern number of 6, and the other is an
insulator with a Chern number of 3. The latter has a band gap of 0.05 eV, which
is much larger than that in magnetically doped topological insulators. Our
findings naturally explain the existence of chiral states in step edges of bulk
CoSnS which habe been reported in a recent experiment at
and present a realistic avenue to realize QAH states in thin films of magnetic
WSMs.Comment: Revised 3rd version of the manuscrip
Fermi-arc diversity on surface terminations of the magnetic Weyl semimetal Co3Sn2S2
Bulk-surface correspondence in Weyl semimetals assures the formation of
topological "Fermi-arc" surface bands whose existence is guaranteed by bulk
Weyl nodes. By investigating three distinct surface terminations of the
ferromagnetic semimetal Co3Sn2S2 we verify spectroscopically its classification
as a time reversal symmetry broken Weyl semimetal. We show that the distinct
surface potentials imposed by three different terminations modify the Fermi-arc
contour and Weyl node connectivity. On the Sn surface we identify
intra-Brillouin zone Weyl node connectivity of Fermi-arcs, while on Co
termination the connectivity is across adjacent Brillouin zones. On the S
surface Fermi-arcs overlap with non-topological bulk and surface states that
ambiguate their connectivity and obscure their exact identification. By these
we resolve the topologically protected electronic properties of a Weyl
semimetal and its unprotected ones that can be manipulated and engineered
In situ Observation of Sodium Dendrite Growth and Concurrent Mechanical Property Measurements Using an Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy–Atomic Force Microscopy (ETEM-AFM) Platform
Akin to Li, Na deposits in a dendritic form to cause a short circuit in Na metal batteries. However, the growth mechanisms and related mechanical properties of Na dendrites remain largely unknown. Here we report real-time characterizations of Na dendrite growth with concurrent mechanical property measurements using an environmental transmission electron microscopy–atomic force microscopy (ETEM-AFM) platform. In situ electrochemical plating produces Na deposits stabilized with a thin Na2CO3 surface layer (referred to as Na dendrites). These Na dendrites have characteristic dimensions of a few hundred nanometers and exhibit different morphologies, including nanorods, polyhedral nanocrystals, and nanospheres. In situ mechanical measurements show that the compressive and tensile strengths of Na dendrites with a Na2CO3 surface layer vary from 36 to >203 MPa, which are much larger than those of bulk Na. In situ growth of Na dendrites under the combined overpotential and mechanical confinement can generate high stress in these Na deposits. These results provide new baseline data on the electrochemical and mechanical behavior of Na dendrites, which have implications for the development of Na metal batteries toward practical energy-storage applications
In Situ Measurements of the Mechanical Properties of Electrochemically Deposited Li₂CO₃ and Li₂O Nanorods
Solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) is “the most important but least understood (component) in rechargeable Li-ion batteries”. The ideal SEI requires high elastic strength and can resist the penetration of a Li dendrite mechanically, which is vital for inhibiting the dendrite growth in lithium batteries. Even though LiCO and LiO are identified as the major components of SEI, their mechanical properties are not well understood. Herein, SEI-related materials such as LiCO and LiO were electrochemically deposited using an environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), and their mechanical properties were assessed by in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) and inverse finite element simulations. Both LiCO and LiO exhibit nanocrystalline structures and good plasticity. The ultimate strength of LiCO ranges from 192 to 330 MPa, while that of LiO is less than 100 MPa. These results provide a new understanding of the SEI and its related dendritic problems in lithium batteries
Surface states in bulk single crystal of topological semimetal Co3Sn2S2 toward water oxidation
The band inversion in topological phase matters bring exotic physical properties such as the topologically protected surface states (TSS). They strongly influence the surface electronic structures of the materials and could serve as a good platform to gain insight into the surface reactions. Here we synthesized high-quality bulk single crystals of Co3Sn2S2 that naturally hosts the band structure of a topological semimetal. This guarantees the existence of robust TSS from the Co atoms. Co3Sn2S2 crystals expose their Kagome lattice that constructed by Co atoms and have high electrical conductivity. They serves as catalytic centers for oxygen evolution process (OER), making bonding and electron transfer more efficient due to the partially filled orbital. The bulk single crystal exhibits outstanding OER catalytic performance, although the surface area is much smaller than that of Co-based nanostructured catalysts. Our findings emphasize the importance of tailoring TSS for the rational design of high-activity electrocatalysts
A Method for Dynamic Insertion Order Scheduling in Flexible Job Shops Based on Digital Twins
Various production disturbances occurring in the flexible job shop production process may affect the production of the workshop, some of which may lead to the prolongation of production completion time. Therefore, a flexible job shop dynamic scheduling method based on digital twins is proposed and a dynamic scheduling framework is constructed. Compared with the traditional workshop, the digital twin-based flexible job shop can upload the relevant production data of the physical workshop to the data management center in real time, and after fusion processing the data can work cooperatively with the upper application system. Taking the dynamic disturbance of rush order insertion as an example, the dynamic scheduling of insertion order is realized based on the dynamic scheduling framework, and then the production efficiency is improved. To achieve the shortest completion time, a mathematical model for dynamic scheduling optimization is established and a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to solve the model. Finally, a practical case is applied to show that the completion time of this algorithm is reduced by 35%, which verifies the feasibility of the proposed dynamic scheduling method