A Category Classification Based Safety Risk Assessment Method for Railway Wagon Loading Status

The identification and control of safety risks in the loading state of goods wagon is one of the important tasks to ensure the safety of goods in transit. In view of the problem that the current risk assessment of transportation schemes is mainly based on manual experience and cannot be quantified, which makes it difficult to accurately determine the safety risk of transportation on the way, a risk assessment method for loading status of goods wagon based on scenario classification was proposed. Firstly, based on a detailed analysis of the safety risk points in various stages of railway freight operations, a SHEL influencing factor model based on scenario classification was constructed. Then, considering the characteristics of railway freight transportation, a fuzzy accident tree model (FTA) of goods wagon loading state risk was constructed, and the fault tree was transformed into a Bayesian network structure according to the mapping algorithm of fuzzy fault tree and Bayesian. Furthermore, a triangular fuzzy membership function was introduced to describe the fault probability of nodes, and a BN based fuzzy fault tree inference algorithm was proposed. Finally, taking a railway station and route transporting coil steel goods in China as an example, this paper explained how to integrate expert knowledge through fault tree and Bayesian network to support railway freight scheme designers in conducting risk quantification assessment of freight wagon loading status

A modified surgical technique in the management of eyelid burns: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Contractures, ectropion and scarring, the most common sequelae of skin grafts after eyelid burn injuries, can result in corneal exposure, corneal ulceration and even blindness. Split-thickness or full-thickness skin grafts are commonly used for the treatment of acute eyelid burns. Plasma exudation and infection are common early complications of eyelid burns, which decrease the success rate of grafts.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>We present the cases of eight patients, two Chinese women and six Chinese men. The first Chinese woman was 36 years old, with 70% body surface area second or third degree flame burn injuries involving her eyelids on both sides. The other Chinese woman was 28 years old, with sulfuric acid burns on her face and third degree burn on her eyelids. The six Chinese men were aged 21, 31, 38, 42, 44, and 55 years, respectively. The 38-year-old patient was transferred from the ER with 80% body surface area second or third degree flame burn injuries and third degree burn injuries to his eyelids. The other five men were all patients with flame burn injuries, with 7% to 10% body surface area third degree burns and eyelids involved. All patients were treated with a modified surgical procedure consisting of separation and loosening of the musculus orbicularis oculi between tarsal plate and septum orbital, followed by grafting a large full-thickness skin graft in three days after burn injury. The use of our modified surgical procedure resulted in 100% successful eyelid grafting on first attempt, and all our patients were in good condition at six-month follow-up.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This new surgical technique is highly successful in treating eyelid burn injuries, especially flame burn injuries of the eyelid.</p

Activity Analysis of the Fuyu North Fault, China: Evidence from the Time-Series InSAR, GNSS, Seismic Reflection Profile, and Plate Dynamics

AbstractEarthquake disasters are frequent, and the seismic intensity is large in Northeast China. Earthquake activity research is an important aspect of earthquake disaster management. We chose some unconventional means to study fault activity, to find updated activity evidence. The Ms 5.3 earthquake occurred near the Fuyu North Fault (FNF) of China on May 27, 2018. Using the Sentinel-1B descending orbit data from 2016 to 2019, the line-of-sight (LOS) surface deformation in the study area was calculated by using the small baseline subset (SBAS) method. After transforming to the horizontal EW deformation, the variance component estimation method was used for fusion reconstruction with the EW data of the surrounding GNSS stations. The polynomial least square method is used to fit the fault slip rate of three EW data on the surface trace of the FNF. The fitting results of the three regions show that the horizontal eastward distribution rate of the upper plate is significantly greater than that of the lower plate, which is left-lateral clockwise torsion. The vertical structural deformation caused by the growth strata of the upper and lower plates of the upper SYT2 seismic profile of the FNF is quantitatively calculated, and the thrust rate of the upper plate is 0.2 mm/y relative to that of the lower plate. Based on the Li Siguang chessboard structure model, we found that the compression stress in the north-south direction is gradually weakened, and the compression stress in the east-west direction is gradually enhanced. Through the Coulomb stress analysis, the three events of CMT only induced the historical focal location of the surrounding part. The events of 2017 did not induce the events of 2018, but the events of 2019 were related to the induced effects of 2017 and 2018

Online monitoring and sampling analysis of siltation in the middle route of the south-to-north water diversion project

The middle route project (MRP) of the South to North Water Diversion Project is a significant infrastructure and alleviating water scarcity in Northern China. MRP suffered from untraditional siltation problems. Obvious siltation occurred in the regulating reservoir at the end of the channel and some locations with weak hydrodynamic conditions in the channel when the mineral siltation concentration in the flow is very low. To study the characteristics of the siltation and the siltation time period, an IoT based automatic siltation monitoring system using cloud was installed at the outlet of the inverted siphon project on Xiao River. Three years of online monitoring data since 2018 and the siltation samples at five sites for particle size analysis were collected. The monitoring data shows that siltation mainly occurs during March to October, and almost no siltation occurs in winter. The maximum siltation speed can reach 390 mm per day. The particle size of the siltation gradually increases from upstream to downstream, which mainly occurs in the range above 100 m. The organic matter contained in the siltation shows a significant increase from 40.3 to 86.4% at upstream and downstream sampling position, respectively. Monitoring results shows the main body of the siltation in the MRP is not the traditional siltation but the remnants of the algae that proliferate in large numbers. During March to October, the temperature is suitable for the proliferation of algae which attaches to the sediment particles and gradually grows downstream with the flow

A web-based interactive data visualization system for outlier subspace analysis

Detecting outliers from high-dimensional data is a challenge task since outliers mainly reside in various low dimensional subspaces of the data. To tackle this challenge, subspace analysis based outlier detection approach has been proposed recently. Detecting outlying subspaces in which a given data point is an outlier facilitates a better characterization process for detecting outliers for high-dimensional data stream, and make outlier mining for large high-dimensional data set to be more manageable. In this paper, to facilitate outlier subspaces analysis from human perception perspectives in supporting the development of efficient solutions for high-dimensional data, we propose a web-based interactive data visualization system, which can display various low-dimensional outlier subspaces to allow users to observe and analyze the distributions of outliers. The proposed visualization tool can help the developers of outlier detection applications to directly examine the distributions of outliers in various low-dimensional subspaces to validate their experiment results

Detecting projected outliers in high-dimensional data streams

In this paper, we study the problem of projected outlier detection in high dimensional data streams and propose a new technique, called Stream Projected Ouliter deTector (SPOT), to identify outliers embedded in subspaces. Sparse Subspace Template (SST), a set of subspaces obtained by unsupervised and/or supervised learning processes, is constructed in SPOT to detect projected outliers effectively. Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA) is employed as an effective search method for finding outlying subspaces from training data to construct SST. SST is able to carry out online self-evolution in the detection stage to cope with dynamics of data streams. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of SPOT in detecting outliers in high-dimensional data streams

The Sacred Sin A Brief Analysis of the Narrative Structure of Dual Irony in The Spire

In William Golding’s novel The Spire, irony as a narrative device is conspicuously employed within the narrative of the story, however, hidden behind this obvious textual irony there is another layer of irony ingeniously designed by the author, which smoothly incorporates the readers into its realm of irony. Moreover, the degree to which the readers recognize this dual irony will eventually decide the width and depth of their analysis when they interpret the protagonist Jocelin and even the allegorical significance of the whole novel.