138 research outputs found
Evaluation of different b-values in DWI and 1H MRS for pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis: a rabbit model
Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant tumor with high incidence of metastasis. Currently, there is no absolute standard for the choice of b-value for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for pancreatic cancer. The b-value is rarely reported in animal model study, especially in pancreatic cancer/mass pancreatitis rabbit models. The authors\u27 aim was to determine the different b-values to differentiate the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and mass pancreatitis in rabbit models using DWI. When comparing the effect of different b-values in diagnostic process, the pathological results could be regarded as the gold standard. In this research, 30 healthy New Zealand rabbits were selected and divided into three groups by random number table method: group 1 (pancreatic cancer), group 2 (mass pancreatitis) and the control group (healthy). After DWI (three different b-values 333, 667, 1000 s/mm2, respectively) and MRI examination, the model rabbits were then killed. Afterward, the tumor mass was removed for biopsy, and occupation anatomy and tumor histopathology were examined. Fat-suppressing sequences of T2WI, DWI, ADC, difference of ADC (DADC), and MRS were used. The present study determined that the effective differential diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and pancreatitis was determined at low b-values (333 s/mm2) when performed DWI inspection in rabbit models
MAFW: A Large-scale, Multi-modal, Compound Affective Database for Dynamic Facial Expression Recognition in the Wild
Dynamic facial expression recognition (FER) databases provide important data
support for affective computing and applications. However, most FER databases
are annotated with several basic mutually exclusive emotional categories and
contain only one modality, e.g., videos. The monotonous labels and modality
cannot accurately imitate human emotions and fulfill applications in the real
world. In this paper, we propose MAFW, a large-scale multi-modal compound
affective database with 10,045 video-audio clips in the wild. Each clip is
annotated with a compound emotional category and a couple of sentences that
describe the subjects' affective behaviors in the clip. For the compound
emotion annotation, each clip is categorized into one or more of the 11
widely-used emotions, i.e., anger, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness,
surprise, contempt, anxiety, helplessness, and disappointment. To ensure high
quality of the labels, we filter out the unreliable annotations by an
Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm, and then obtain 11 single-label
emotion categories and 32 multi-label emotion categories. To the best of our
knowledge, MAFW is the first in-the-wild multi-modal database annotated with
compound emotion annotations and emotion-related captions. Additionally, we
also propose a novel Transformer-based expression snippet feature learning
method to recognize the compound emotions leveraging the expression-change
relations among different emotions and modalities. Extensive experiments on
MAFW database show the advantages of the proposed method over other
state-of-the-art methods for both uni- and multi-modal FER. Our MAFW database
is publicly available from https://mafw-database.github.io/MAFW.Comment: This paper has been accepted by ACM MM'2
Semidiscrete vortex solitons
We demonstrate a possibility of the creation of stable optical solitons
combining one continuous and one discrete coordinate, with embedded vorticity,
in an array of planar waveguides with intrinsic cubic-quintic nonlinearity. The
same system may be realized in terms of the spatiotemporal light propagation in
an array of tunnel-coupled optical fibers with the cubic-quintic nonlinearity.
In contrast with zero-vorticity states, semidiscrete vortex solitons do not
exist without the quintic term in the nonlinearity. Two types of the solitons,
\emph{viz.}, intersite- and onsite-centered ones (IC and OC, respectively),
with even and odd numbers of actually excited sites in the discrete
direction, are identified. We consider the modes carrying the embedded
vorticity and . In accordance with their symmetry, the vortex solitons
of the OC type exhibit an intrinsic core, while the IC solitons with a small
may have a coreless structure. Facilitating their creation in the
experiment, the modes reported in the present work may be much more compact
states than their counterparts considered in other systems, and they feature
strong anisotropy. They can be set in motion in the discrete direction,
provided that the coupling constant exceeds a certain minimum value. Collisions
between moving vortex solitons are considered too.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, 74 References,Published on Advanced Photonics
Researc
Lab on skin: real-time metabolite monitoring with polyphenol film based subdermal wearable patches
The advent of digital technologies has spurred the development of wearable sensing devices marking a significant shift in obtaining real-time physiological information. The principal objective is to transition from blood-centric monitoring to minimally invasive modalities, which will enable movement from specialised settings to more accessible environments such as the practices of general practitioners or even home settings. While subcutaneously implanted continuous monitoring devices have demonstrated this transition, detection of analytes from sample matrices like skin interstitial fluid (ISF), is a frontier that offers attractive minimally invasive routes for detection of biomarkers. This manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of our work in subdermal wearable biosensing patches for the simultaneous monitoring of glucose and lactate from ISF in ambulatory conditions. The performance of the subdermal wearable glucose monitoring patch was evaluated over a duration of three days, which is the longest reported duration reported till date. The subdermal wearable lactate sensing patch was worn for the duration of the exercise. Our findings highlight a critical observation that biofouling effects become apparent after a 24-h period. The data presented in this manuscript extends on the knowledge in the areas of continuous metabolite monitoring by introducing multifunctional polyphenol polymer films that can be used for both glucose and lactate monitoring with appropriate modifications. This study underscores the potential of subdermal wearable patches as versatile tools for real-time metabolite monitoring, positioning them as valuable assets in the evolution of personalised healthcare in diverse settings
Multi-Objective Personalized Product Retrieval in Taobao Search
In large-scale e-commerce platforms like Taobao, it is a big challenge to
retrieve products that satisfy users from billions of candidates. This has been
a common concern of academia and industry. Recently, plenty of works in this
domain have achieved significant improvements by enhancing embedding-based
retrieval (EBR) methods, including the Multi-Grained Deep Semantic Product
Retrieval (MGDSPR) model [16] in Taobao search engine. However, we find that
MGDSPR still has problems of poor relevance and weak personalization compared
to other retrieval methods in our online system, such as lexical matching and
collaborative filtering. These problems promote us to further strengthen the
capabilities of our EBR model in both relevance estimation and personalized
retrieval. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-Objective Personalized
Product Retrieval (MOPPR) model with four hierarchical optimization objectives:
relevance, exposure, click and purchase. We construct entire-space
multi-positive samples to train MOPPR, rather than the single-positive samples
for existing EBR models.We adopt a modified softmax loss for optimizing
multiple objectives. Results of extensive offline and online experiments show
that MOPPR outperforms the baseline MGDSPR on evaluation metrics of relevance
estimation and personalized retrieval. MOPPR achieves 0.96% transaction and
1.29% GMV improvements in a 28-day online A/B test. Since the Double-11
shopping festival of 2021, MOPPR has been fully deployed in mobile Taobao
search, replacing the previous MGDSPR. Finally, we discuss several advanced
topics of our deeper explorations on multi-objective retrieval and ranking to
contribute to the community.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, submitted to the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on
Knowledge Discovery & Data Minin
Appearance-invariant place recognition by adversarially learning disentangled representation  
Comparison of staged-stent and stent-assisted coiling technique for ruptured saccular wide-necked intracranial aneurysms: Safety and efficacy based on a propensity score-matched cohort study
BackgroundApplication of stent-assisted coiling and FD in acute phase of ruptured wide-necked aneurysms is relatively contraindicated due to the potential risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications. Scheduled stenting after initial coiling has emerged as an alternative paradigm for ruptured wide-necked aneurysms. The objective of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a strategy of staged stent-assisted coiling in acutely ruptured saccular wide-necked intracranial aneurysms compared with conventional early stent-assisted coiling strategy via propensity score matching in a high-volume center.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with acutely ruptured saccular wide-necked intracranial aneurysms who underwent staged stent-assisted coiling or conventional stent-assisted coiling from November 2014 to November 2019 was performed. Perioperative procedure-related complications and clinical and angiographic follow-up outcomes were compared.ResultsA total of 69 patients with staged stent-assisted coiling and 138 patients with conventional stent-assisted coiling were enrolled after 1:2 propensity score matching. The median interval time between previous coiling and later stenting was 4.0 weeks (range 3.5–7.5 weeks). No rebleeding occurred during the intervals. The rate of immediate complete occlusion was lower with initial coiling before scheduled stenting than with conventional stent-assisted coiling (21.7 vs. 60.9%), whereas comparable results were observed at follow-up (82.5 vs. 72.9%; p = 0.357). The clinical follow-up outcomes, overall procedure-related complications and procedure-related mortality between the two groups demonstrated no significant differences (P = 0.232, P = 0.089, P = 0.537, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that modified Fisher grades (OR = 2.120, P = 0.041) were independent predictors for overall procedure-related complications and no significant predictors for hemorrhagic and ischemic complications.ConclusionsStaged stent-assisted coiling is a safe and effective treatment strategy for acutely ruptured saccular wide-necked intracranial aneurysms, with comparable complete occlusion rates, recurrence rates at follow-up and overall procedure-related complication rates compared with conventional stent-assisted coiling strategy. Staged stent-assisted coiling could be an alternative treatment option for selected ruptured intracranial aneurysms in the future
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