The Horseshoe Theory of Mental Illness and Incarceration

This paper focuses on the relationship between historical mental illness treatment and modern incarceration, reimagining it as a horseshoe, with mental illness on one end and prison on the other. There are three reasons why the two parallel each other, these being: formulated sequestration, chronicity, and histories of failed high-minded reform. The paper then writes about the intersection of the two in a mental health ward in a prison. The last aspect discussed is the gap between the ends of the horseshoe, which is due to the role of volition

What Are the Implications of Rising Debt for Older Americans?

The share of older Americans with debt has been on the rise over the last several decades. Having debt, however, does not always signal financial fragility because debt can be used for various purposes. For example, households that take out a low-interest mortgage to buy a home, which typically appreciates in value, are likely making a savvy choice. In contrast, households that carry unpaid credit card balances could see their debt snowball, leading to financial distress. Identifying these distinctions in household debt situations is crucial to understanding the implications of the rise in debt holding among seniors.  This brief, based on a new paper, addresses three key questions: 1) As more older households carry debt in retirement, what share are at "high-risk" and "low-risk" of financial hardship? 2) Is the growth in debt holding driven by the high- or low-risk households? and 3) What are the different types of high-risk households?The answers will help policymakers determine which types of borrowers are most vulnerable and develop tailored solutions for assisting them.   The discussion proceeds as follows. The first section provides background on trends in debt holding among older Americans. The second section sorts households into high-risk and low-risk based on their debt and asset profiles, and it shows that high-risk borrowers are driving the growth in debt. The third section identifies four groups of high-risk borrowers with very different characteristics. Given the diverse situations of high-risk borrowers, the fourth section suggests some potential ways to address each group's specific needs. The final section concludes that the debt burdens of high-risk borrowers are cause for concern, but a one-size-fits-all solution does not exist, so targeted interventions would be most effective.  Click "Download" to access this resource

Quantitative Decoding of Interactions in Tunable Nanomagnet Arrays Using First Order Reversal Curves

To develop a full understanding of interactions in nanomagnet arrays is a persistent challenge, critically impacting their technological acceptance. This paper reports the experimental, numerical and analytical investigation of interactions in arrays of Co nanoellipses using the first-order reversal curve (FORC) technique. A mean-field analysis has revealed the physical mechanisms giving rise to all of the observed features: a shift of the non-interacting FORC-ridge at the low-H$_c$ end off the local coercivity H$_c$ axis; a stretch of the FORC-ridge at the high-H$_c$ end without shifting it off the H$_c$ axis; and a formation of a tilted edge connected to the ridge at the low-H$_c$ end. Changing from flat to Gaussian coercivity distribution produces a negative feature, bends the ridge, and broadens the edge. Finally, nearest neighbor interactions segment the FORC-ridge. These results demonstrate that the FORC approach provides a comprehensive framework to qualitatively and quantitatively decode interactions in nanomagnet arrays.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figures. 9 page supplemental material including 3 figure

Enhancing patient-centered care for limited English proficiency patients through Tell Me More®: A student-driven initiative to explore the patient as a person and develop students’ communication skills

Tell Me More® (TMM) is a medical student-driven initiative to build rapport between patients, students, and the healthcare team through patient interviews and collaboratively created posters. Patients with limited English proficiency (LEP) often experience impaired communication with providers. TMM has the potential to address the loss of patient-centered dialogue in interpreter-mediated communications. In this exploratory pilot study, we aimed to include LEP patients in TMM by using medical interpreter phones (MIPs) at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Northwell Health. Our objectives were to: (1) evaluate the feasibility of this approach, (2) compare TMM engagement between LEP and English-speaking (ES) patients, and (3) document the impact of this initiative on the medical student. Following the standardized TMM interview structure, the student used the MIP to interview LEP patients about who they are as people beyond their illnesses. This expanded social history was transcribed to bedside posters to enhance patient connection with the healthcare team. At the end of interviews, patients rated TMM’s impact on their hospital stay. Additionally, medical student reflections were recorded weekly. Our quantitative results from 12 LEP and 49 ES patients support significantly higher TMM participation for LEP compared to ES patients. Qualitative examination of student reflections suggests that TMM enriches medical education by promoting understanding of the LEP patient experience. Our results demonstrate that MIP-supported TMM is a feasible approach to enhance patient-centered care for LEP populations. Further research is needed to explore inclusion of LEP patients in patient-centered care initiatives such as TMM. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Patient, Family & Community Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://www.theberylinstitute.org/ExperienceFramework). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

Derivative-free high-order methods applied to preliminary orbit determination

From position and velocity coordinates for several given instants, it is possible to determine the orbital elements of the preliminary orbit, taking only into account mutual gravitational attraction forces between the Earth and the satellite. Nevertheless, it should be refined with later observations from ground stations, whose geographic coordinates are previously known. Different methods developed for this purpose need to find a solution of a nonlinear function. In some classical methods it is usual to employ fixed point or secant methods. The second iterative scheme is often used when it is not possible to obtain the derivative of the nonlinear function. Nowadays, there exist efficient numerical methods that are able to highly improve the results obtained by the classical schemes. We will focus our attention on the method of iteration of the true anomaly, in which the secant method is replaced by more efficient methods, such as the second-order Steffensen's method, as well as other high-order derivative-free methods. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia MTM2011-28636-C02-02 and by Vicerrectorado de Investigacion, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia PAID-06-2010-2285.Chicharro López, FI.; Cordero Barbero, A.; Torregrosa Sánchez, JR. (2013). Derivative-free high-order methods applied to preliminary orbit determination. Mathematical and Computer Modelling. 57(7-8):1795-1799. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcm.2011.11.045S17951799577-

Efficiently verifiable quantum advantage on near-term analog quantum simulators

Existing schemes for demonstrating quantum computational advantage are subject to various practical restrictions, including the hardness of verification and challenges in experimental implementation. Meanwhile, analog quantum simulators have been realized in many experiments to study novel physics. In this work, we propose a quantum advantage protocol based on single-step Feynman-Kitaev verification of an analog quantum simulation, in which the verifier need only run an $O(\lambda^2)$-time classical computation, and the prover need only prepare $O(1)$ samples of a history state and perform $O(\lambda^2)$ single-qubit measurements, for a security parameter $\lambda$. We also propose a near-term feasible strategy for honest provers and discuss potential experimental realizations.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure

Integration and instrument characterization of the cosmic infrared background experiment 2 (CIBER-2)

The extragalactic background light (EBL) is the integrated emission from all objects outside of the Milky Way galaxy. Imprinted by the history of stellar emission, the EBL in the near infrared traces light back to the birth of the first stars in the Universe and can allow tight constraints on structure formation models. Recent studies using data from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the first Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment (CIBER-1) find that there are excess fluctuations in the EBL on large scales which have been attributed to either high redshift galaxies and quasars, or to stars that were stripped from their host galaxies during merging events. To help disentangle these two models, multi-wavelength data can be used to trace their distinctive spectral features. Following the success of CIBER-1, CIBER-2 is designed to identify the sources of the EBL excess fluctuations using data in six wavebands covering the optical and near infrared. The experiment consists of a cryogenic payload and is scheduled to launch four times on a recoverable sounding rocket. CIBER-2 has a 28.5 cm telescope coupled with an optics system to obtain wide-field images in six broad spectral bands between 0.5 and 2.5 μm simultaneously. The experiment uses 2048 × 2048 HAWAII-2RG detector arrays and a cryogenic star tracker. A prototype of the cryogenic star tracker is under construction for a separate launch to verify its performance and star tracking algorithm. The mechanical, optical, and electrical components of the CIBER-2 experiment will have been integrated into the payload by mid-2018. Here we present the final design of CIBER-2 and our team’s instrument characterization efforts. The design and analysis of the optical focus tests will be discussed. We also report on the performance of CIBER-2 support systems, including the cooling mechanisms and deployable components. Finally, we outline the remaining tasks required to prepare the payload for launch