25 research outputs found
Digital demodulator of the quadrature amplitude modulation signals
In this paper, the digital algorithm and the device for the demodulation of the quadrature amplitude modulation signals are considered. The fundamental advantages of our approach are simple hardware implementation, minimal number of arithmetic operations required over the signal period as well as the potential interference immunity in the presence of Gaussian noise. The expressions have been found for the error probability and their inaccuracy has been estimated. By means of the statistical simulation methods, the practical interference immunity of the introduced demodulator, together with the influence of phase locking errors have been tested. The introduced demodulator can be implemented either as a device independent from the programmable logic devices, or as an installation unit of the receiver equipment
Digital simulators of the random processes
The proposed universal digital simulators of random processes based on their Markov models are considered as capable of generating sequences of samples of unlimited duration. It is shown that a simple Markov chain allows generating the random numbers with a specified two-dimensional probability distribution of the neighboring values while a doubly connected Markov model makes it possible to get the three-dimensional random numbers. The parameters of the model are determined from either a known probability density or experimental samples of the simulated random process. It is demonstrated that the simulation algorithms do not require complex mathematical transformations and that they can be implemented using a simple element base. To change the properties of the generated random processes one needs to reload the memory device with a preformed data array. The block diagrams of the simulators are studied and the probabilistic and correlation characteristics of the generated random processes are determined. It is established that with these simulators a high accuracy of convergence of the probability distributions of the selected model and the histograms of the generated sample sequences is ensured. In the common studies, one can hardly find the results that can surpass by their efficiency the ones that the proposed simulation algorithms demonstrate accounting for their non-problematic hardware implementation (the minimum computational costs) and the simplicity of reconfiguring the Markov model based simulators for generating new random processes. The introduced simulators can be used in the design, development and testing of the multi-purpose electronic equipment, with different meters and the devices for simulating radio paths
On Free-Electron Laser Growing Modes and their Bandwidth
Free-electron lasers play an increasing role in science, from generating
unique femtosecond X- ray pulses for single short recording of the protein
structures to amplifying feeble interactions in advanced cooling systems for
high-energy hadron colliders. While modern Free-electron laser codes can
describe their amplification mechanism, a deep analytical understanding of the
mechanism is of extreme importance for a number of applications. Mode
competition, their growth rates and amplification bandwidth are among the most
important parameters of a free-electron laser. A dispersion relation, which
defines these important characteristics, can be solved analytically only for a
very few simple cases. In this letter we show that for a typical bell-shape
energy distribution in electron beam there is no more that one growing mode. We
also derive an analytical expression which determines the bandwidth of the
free-electron laser.Comment: 4 pages, submitted to PR
Design of a High-bunch-charge 112-MHz Superconducting RF Photoemission Electron Source
High-bunch-charge photoemission electron-sources operating in a continuous
wave (CW) mode are required for many advanced applications of particle
accelerators, such as electron coolers for hadron beams, electron-ion
colliders, and free-electron lasers (FELs). Superconducting RF (SRF) has
several advantages over other electron-gun technologies in CW mode as it offers
higher acceleration rate and potentially can generate higher bunch charges and
average beam currents. A 112 MHz SRF electron photoinjector (gun) was developed
at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to produce high-brightness and
high-bunch-charge bunches for the Coherent electron Cooling Proof-of-Principle
(CeC PoP) experiment. The gun utilizes a quarter-wave resonator (QWR) geometry
for assuring beam dynamics, and uses high quantum efficiency (QE) multi-alkali
photocathodes for generating electrons
Proof-of-Principle Experiment for FEL-Based Coherent Electron Cooling,”
Abstract Coherent electron cooling (CEC) has a potential to significantly boost luminosity of high-energy, highintensity hadron-hadron and electron-hadron colliders. In a CEC system, a hadron beam interacts with a cooling electron beam. A perturbation of the electron density caused by ions is amplified and fed back to the ions to reduce the energy spread and the emittance of the ion beam. To demonstrate the feasibility of CEC we propose a proof-of-principle experiment at RHIC using SRF linac. In this paper, we describe the setup for CeC installed into one of RHIC's interaction regions. We present results of analytical estimates and results of initial simulations of cooling a gold-ion beam at 40 GeV/u energy via CeC
Digital noncoherent demodulator of Four-position differential phase shift keyed signals
There is introduced the fast digital noncoheren
Digital algorithm for determining the root-mean-square signal
The need to determine the root-mean-square values of alternating signals often arises during the circuit simulation of electronic devices. In this paper, there is introduced a digital algorithm for the direct estimation (measurement) of the root-mean-square value of deterministic and random signals of arbitrary shape for the current signal sampling over the set time interval. It requires the minimum number of simple arithmetic operations while generating the result and ensures a high degree of estimation accuracy. Simulation is then carried out demonstrating the high efficiency of the proposed algorithm. There are analyzed the characteristics of the resulting estimate within a wide frequency range of the measured signals. It is shown that the algorithm can be software-implemented and then it will be a part of an application package, and it also can be hardware-implemented and then one uses the microprocessor system or the field programmable gate arrays
The high-speed random number generator with the specified two-dimensional probability distribution
In the paper, a pseudorandom number sequence sensor is considered, its design is based on the Markov model of the simulated process. Such a model is derived from either the theoretical two-dimensional probability density or from the random process samples obtained experimentally. There has been developed a simple high-speed algorithm for operating the sensor using a primary source of pseudorandom numbers with a uniform probability distribution, and statistical simulation of such algorithm has been carried out. It is shown that the obtained sequence of numbers possesses probabilistic and correlation properties that are in good agreement with the specified properties of the simulated random processes. When substituting a hardware random number generator for the source of equiprobable pseudorandom numbers, the sensor generates truly random numbers. The possibilities of the hardware implementation of the introduced algorithm in the form of a pseudorandom (random) number generator are demonstrated
Digital demodulator of the quadrature amplitude modulation signals
In this paper, the digital algorithm and the device for the demodulation of the quadrature amplitude modulation signals are considered. The fundamental advantages of our approach are simple hardware implementation, minimal number of arithmetic operations required over the signal period as well as the potential interference immunity in the presence of Gaussian noise. The expressions have been found for the error probability and their inaccuracy has been estimated. By means of the statistical simulation methods, the practical interference immunity of the introduced demodulator, together with the influence of phase locking errors have been tested. The introduced demodulator can be implemented either as a device independent from the programmable logic devices, or as an installation unit of the receiver equipment