1,684 research outputs found
Adiabatic motion of a neutral spinning particle in an inhomogeneous magnetic field
The motion of a neutral particle with a magnetic moment in an inhomogeneous magnetic field is considered. This situation, occurring, for example, in a Stern-Gerlach experiment, is investigated from classical and semiclassical points of view. It is assumed that the magnetic field is strong or slowly varying in space, i.e., that adiabatic conditions hold. To the classical model, a systematic Lie-transform perturbation technique is applied up to second order in the adiabatic-expansion parameter. The averaged classical Hamiltonian contains not only terms representing fictitious electric and magnetic fields but also an additional velocity-dependent potential. The Hamiltonian of the quantum-mechanical system is diagonalized by means of a systematic WKB analysis for coupled wave equations up to second order in the adiabaticity parameter, which is coupled to Planck’s constant. An exact term-by-term correspondence with the averaged classical Hamiltonian is established, thus confirming the relevance of the additional velocity-dependent second-order contribution
Opportunities With Decay-At-Rest Neutrinos From Decay-In-Flight Neutrino Beams
Neutrino beam facilities, like spallation neutron facilities, produce copious
quantities of neutrinos from the decay at rest of mesons and muons. The
viability of decay-in-flight neutrino beams as sites for decay-at-rest neutrino
studies has been investigated by calculating expected low-energy neutrino
fluxes from the existing Fermilab NuMI beam facility. Decay-at-rest neutrino
production in NuMI is found to be roughly equivalent per megawatt to that of
spallation facilities, and is concentrated in the facility's target hall and
beam stop regions. Interaction rates in 5 and 60 ton liquid argon detectors at
a variety of existing and hypothetical locations along the beamline are found
to be comparable to the largest existing decay-at-rest datasets for some
channels. The physics implications and experimental challenges of such a
measurement are discussed, along with prospects for measurements at targeted
facilities along a future Fermilab long-baseline neutrino beam.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Adiabatic Motion of a Quantum Particle in a Two-Dimensional Magnetic Field
The adiabatic motion of a charged, spinning, quantum particle in a two -
dimensional magnetic field is studied. A suitable set of operators generalizing
the cinematical momenta and the guiding center operators of a particle moving
in a homogeneous magnetic field is constructed. This allows us to separate the
two degrees of freedom of the system into a {\sl fast} and a {\sl slow} one, in
the classical limit, the rapid rotation of the particle around the guiding
center and the slow guiding center drift. In terms of these operators the
Hamiltonian of the system rewrites as a power series in the magnetic length
\lb=\sqrt{\hbar c\over eB} and the fast and slow dynamics separates. The
effective guiding center Hamiltonian is obtained to the second order in the
adiabatic parameter \lb and reproduces correctly the classical limit.Comment: 17 pages, LaTe
The electrical properties of 60 keV zinc ions implanted into semi-insulating gallium arsenide
The electrical behavior of zinc ions implanted into chromium-doped semiinsulating gallium arsenide was investigated by measurements of the sheet resistivity and Hall effect. Room temperature implantations were performed using fluence values from 10 to the 12th to 10 to the 15th power/sq cm at 60 keV. The samples were annealed for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere up to 800 C in steps of 200 C and the effect of this annealing on the Hall effect and sheet resistivity was studied at room temperature using the Van der Pauw technique. The temperature dependence of sheet resistivity and mobility was measured from liquid nitrogen temperature to room temperature. Finally, a measurement of the implanted profile was obtained using a layer removal technique combined with the Hall effect and sheet resistivity measurements
Quantum Charged Spinning Particles in a Strong Magnetic Field (a Quantal Guiding Center Theory)
A quantal guiding center theory allowing to systematically study the
separation of the different time scale behaviours of a quantum charged spinning
particle moving in an external inhomogeneous magnetic filed is presented. A
suitable set of operators adapting to the canonical structure of the problem
and generalizing the kinematical momenta and guiding center operators of a
particle coupled to a homogenous magnetic filed is constructed. The Pauli
Hamiltonian rewrites in this way as a power series in the magnetic length making the problem amenable to a perturbative analysis. The
first two terms of the series are explicitly constructed. The effective
adiabatic dynamics turns to be in coupling with a gauge filed and a scalar
potential. The mechanism producing such magnetic-induced geometric-magnetism is
investigated in some detail.Comment: LaTeX (epsfig macros), 27 pages, 2 figures include
Long-Term Testing and Properties of Acrylic for the Daya Bay Antineutrino Detectors
The Daya Bay reactor antineutrino experiment has recently measured the
neutrino mixing parameter sin22{\theta}13 by observing electron antineutrino
disappearance over kilometer-scale baselines using six antineutrino detectors
at near and far distances from reactor cores at the Daya Bay nuclear power
complex. Liquid scintillator contained in transparent target vessels is used to
detect electron antineutrinos via the inverse beta-decay reaction. The Daya Bay
experiment will operate for about five years yielding a precision measurement
of sin22{\theta}13. We report on long-term studies of poly(methyl methacrylate)
known as acrylic, which is the primary material used in the fabrication of the
target vessels for the experiment's antineutrino detectors. In these studies,
acrylic samples are subjected to gaseous and liquid environmental conditions
similar to those experienced during construction, transport, and operation of
the Daya Bay acrylic target vessels and detectors. Mechanical and optical
stability of the acrylic as well as its interaction with detector liquids is
reported.Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures Submitted to JINS
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