Symptomatic asymmetry in the first six months of life: differential diagnosis

Asymmetry in infancy is a clinical condition with a wide variation in appearances (shape, posture, and movement), etiology, localization, and severity. The prevalence of an asymmetric positional preference is 12% of all newborns during the first six months of life. The asymmetry is either idiopathic or symptomatic. Pediatricians and physiotherapists have to distinguish symptomatic asymmetry (SA) from idiopathic asymmetry (IA) when examining young infants with a positional preference to determine the prognosis and the intervention strategy. The majority of cases will be idiopathic, but the initial presentation of a positional preference might be a symptom of a more serious underlying disorder. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the current information on the incidence of SA, as well as the possible causes and the accompanying signs that differentiate SA from IA. This review presents an overview of the nine most prevalent disorders in infants in their first six months of life leading to SA. We have discovered that the literature does not provide a comprehensive analysis of the incidence, characteristics, signs, and symptoms of SA. Knowledge of the presented clues is important in the clinical decision making with regard to young infants with asymmetry. We recommend to design a valid and useful screening instrument

Developing a Citizen Social Science approach to understand urban stress and promote wellbeing in urban communities

This paper sets out the future potential and challenges for developing an interdisciplinary, mixed-method Citizen Social Science approach to researching urban emotions. It focuses on urban stress, which is increasingly noted as a global mental health challenge facing both urbanised and rapidly urbanising societies. The paper reviews the existing use of mobile psychophysiological or biosensing within urban environments—as means of ‘capturing’ the urban geographies of emotions. Methodological reflections are included on primary research using biosensing in a study of workplace and commuter stress for university employees in Birmingham (UK) and Salzburg (Austria) for illustrative purposes. In comparing perspectives on the conceptualisation and measurement of urban stress from psychology, neuroscience and urban planning, the difficulties of defining scientific constructs within Citizen Science are discussed to set out the groundwork for fostering interdisciplinary dialogue. The novel methods, geo-located sensor technologies and data-driven approaches to researching urban stress now available to researchers pose a number of ethical, political and conceptual challenges around defining and measuring emotions, stress, human behaviour and urban space. They also raise issues of rigour, participation and social scientific interpretation. Introducing methods informed by more critical Citizen Social Science perspectives can temper overly individualised forms of data collection to establish more effective ways of addressing urban stress and promoting wellbeing in urban communities

Metal-Substituted Microporous Aluminophosphates

This chapter aims to present the zeotypes aluminophosphates (AlPOs) as a complementary alternative to zeolites in the isomorphic incorporation of metal ions within all-inorganic microporous frameworks as well as to discuss didactically the catalytic consequences derived from the distinctive features of both frameworks. It does not intend to be a compilation of either all or the most significant publications involving metal-substituted microporous aluminophosphates. Families of AlPOs and zeolites, which include metal ion-substituted variants, are the dominant microporous materials. Both these systems are widely used as catalysts, in particular through aliovalent metal ions substitution. Here, some general description of the synthesis procedures and characterization techniques of the MeAPOs (metal-contained aluminophosphates) is given along with catalytic properties. Next, some illustrative examples of the catalytic possibilities of MeAPOs as catalysts in the transformation of the organic molecules are given. The oxidation of the hardly activated hydrocarbons has probably been the most successful use of AlPOs doped with the divalent transition metal ions Co2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+, whose incorporation in zeolites is disfavoured. The catalytic role of these MeAPOs is rationalized based on the knowledge acquired from a combination of the most advanced characterization techniques. Finally, the importance of the high specificity of the structure-directing agents employed in the preparation of MeAPOs is discussed taking N,N-methyldicyclohexylamine in the synthesis of AFI-structured materials as a driving force. It is shown how such a high specificity could be predicted and how it can open great possibilities in the control of parameters as critical in catalysis as crystal size, inter-and intracrystalline mesoporosity, acidity, redox properties, incorporation of a great variety of heteroatom ions or final environment of the metal site (surrounding it by either P or Al)

Lying and its Sociodemographic Characteristics

Melas ir melavimas įvairiomis savo apraiškomis yra labai plačiai paplitęs fenomenas, tačiau rimtesnių melo paplitimo ypatumų studijų vis dar stinga. Todėl mūsų tyrimo tikslas buvo išsiaiškinti melavimo paplitimo tarp studentų ypatumus bei studentų požiūrį į melavimą. Tyrimui buvo naudojamas vienkartinis anoniminės apklausos metodas (standartinis sociodemografinis klausimynas bei klausimai, susiję su melo vartojimu norint pagerinti gyvenimo kokybę ir požiūriu į lietuvių tautos polinkį meluoti). Tyrime dalyvavo 836 įvairių Lietuvos aukštųjų mokyklų studentai (18-35 m.). Rezultatai parodė, kad universitetuose studijuojantys vyrai save dažniau įvardijo kaip mėgstančius meluoti, tačiau jaunesnės bakalauro studijose universitetuose besimokančios moterys reikšmingai dažniau nurodė, kad melo pagalba galima pagerinti gyvenimo kokybę. Vyresni, dirbantys ir šeimas sukūrę respondentai reikšmingai dažniau teigė, kad lietuviai yra linkę meluoti.Lying plays a much more important role in our lives than it is generally thought. People learn to lie at an early age and later on “refine” this psychosocial phenomenon. Lying can only be defined as a positive or negative characteristic when facing legal codes. However, in the opinion of psychologists, the unconditional telling of the truth can be considered as a certain pathology. Hypothesis of the research – students often lie and consider Lithuanians as prone to lie. Objective of the research – to determine patterns of lie prevalence amongst students and student approaches towards lying. Set goals of the research: 1. To determine sociodemographic characteristics of the prevalence of lying among students; 2. To identify correlations between lie occurrence and quality of life; 3. To determine students’ attitude towards national characteristics of lying; To carry out the research an anonymous survey methodology was applied, including a standard sociodemographic questionnaire (sex, age, place of residence, higher education institution, marital and employment status) and questions concerning lying when lying is intended to improve quality of life, and a nation’s tendency to lie. The research comprised of 836 students (aged 18-35), of which the mean age was 25.4 years, (SD – 5.76), 95 percent CI=19.27 – 28.37 years; male and female groups by age were homogenous. The research has revealed that sex, place of residence, education, and higher education institution were not significantly related with student opinion that Lithuanians are prone to lie. Findings of the research: 1. The research determined that male respondents from universities admit that they are prone to lying; 2. Undergraduate female respondents studying at university significantly more often agree that lying helps to improve quality of life; 3. Older, married and employed respondents more often stated that Lithuanians are prone to lie. The research justified the hypothesis that students admit that they are prone to lie, as is the whole nation