Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Ny.M.M.R Dengan Diagnosa Medis Gastritis Di Ruangan Instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD Prof. Dr.W.Z.Johanes Kupang Tahun 2019

Gastritis merupakan suatu sindrom atau kumpulan gejala yang terdiri dari nyeri ulu hati, mual, munta, lemas. Gastritis yang tidak dilakukan pengobatan atau penanganan dapat menimbuklan perdarahan dan ulkus peptikum. Tujuan studi kasus ini untuk mengaplikasikan penerapan ilmu keperawatanpada klien dengan gastritis di ruang instalasi Gawat Darurat RSUD Prof Dr W.Z. Johanes Kupang.Metode studi kasus ini menggunakan metode pendekatan denganwawancara, observasidan pemeriksaan fisik yang berfokus pada sistem pencernaan. Hasil studi kasus ini pengkajianyang didapatkan adalah nyeri ulu hati, mual, muntah, tidak napsu makan dan hasil pemeriksaan fisik pada abdomen ditemukan bising usus tiga puluh empat kali permenit dan nyeri pada abdomen pada saat dipalpasi dengan skala nyeri enam dan hasi hemoglobin 11,9. Masalah keperawatan yang ditemukan yaitu nyeri akut. Intervensi yang ditetapkan yaitu mengajarkan manajemen nyeri. Implementasi yang dilakukan yaitu mengkaji tingkat nyeri, memasang infus ringer laktat, memberikan injeksi ketorolak satu ampul dan mengajari teknik napas dalam.Evaluasi paisen tampak tidak kesakitan , wajah rileks masalah nyeri akut teratasi. Kesimpulan dari studi kasusini ditemukan hasil pengkajian pasien mengeluh nyeri pada ulu hati, mual, muntah, tidak nafsu makan dan hasil pemeriksaan fisik pada abdomen ditemukan bising usus tiga puluh empat kali permenit dan nyeri pada abdomen pada saat palpasidengan skala nyeri enam, masalah yang ditemukan yaitu nyeri akut. Intervensi yang ditetapkan yaitu mengajarkan manajemen nyeri. Implementasi yang dilakukan yaitu mengkaji tingkat nyeri, memasang infus ringer laktat, memberikan injeksi ketorolak satu ampul dan mengajari teknik napas dala

Otx2 requires Lmx1b to control the development of mesodiencephalic dopaminergic neurons

Studying the development of mesodiencephalic dopaminergic (mdDA) neurons provides an important basis for better understanding dopamine-associated brain functions and disorders and is critical for establishing cell replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. The transcription factors Otx2 and Lmx1b play a key role in the development of mdDA neurons. However, little is known about the genes downstream of Otx2 and Lmx1b in the pathways controlling the formation of mdDA neurons in vivo. Here we report on our investigation of Lmx1b as downstream target of Otx2 in the formation of mdDA neurons. Mouse mutants expressing Otx2 under the control of the En1 promoter (En1+/Otx2) showed increased Otx2 expression in the mid-hindbrain region, resulting in upregulation of Lmx1b and expansion of mdDA neurons there. In contrast, Lmx1b-/- mice showed decreased expression of Otx2 and impairments in several aspects of mdDA neuronal formation. To study the functional interaction between Otx2 and Lmx1b, we generated compound mutants in which Otx2 expression was restored in mice lacking Lmx1b (En1+/Otx2;Lmx1b-/-). In these animals Otx2 was not sufficient to rescue any of the aberrations in the formation of mdDA neurons caused by the loss of Lmx1b, but rescued the loss of ocular motor neurons. Gene expression studies in Lmx1b-/- embryos indicated that in these mutants Wnt1, En1 and Fgf8 expression are induced but subsequently lost in the mdDA precursor domain and the mid-hindbrain organizer in a specific, spatio-temporal manner. In summary, we demonstrate that Otx2 critically depends on Lmx1b for the formation of mdDA neurons, but not for the generation of ocular motor neurons. Moreover, our data suggest that Lmx1b precisely maintains the expression pattern of Wnt1, Fgf8 and En1, which are essential for mid-hindbrain organizer function and the formation of mdDA neurons

Perceived Threat, Contact and Attitudes towards the Integration of Immigrants. Evidence from Luxembourg Perceived Threat, Contact and Attitudes towards the Integration of Immigrants. Evidence from Luxembourg

Abstract This paper examines the relation between perceptions of immigrant-related threat and the attitudes towards the integration (i.e. assimilation and multiculturalism) of immigrants. Additionally it explores how that relationship is affected by intense contact with foreigners. The analysis is performed on a sample of natives in Luxembourg -the country with the highest proportion of immigrants in Europe. The European Values Study from 2008 for Luxembourg and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is used to conduct the analyses. The outcomes of our analyses reveal that feelings of threat lead to less support for multicultural attitudes, whereas the opposite can be found with respect to support for assimilation attitudes. Furthermore, it was found that more intense contact with immigrant friends significantly reduces the threat perceptions and therefore also leads to less support for assimilation and more support for multicultural attitudes. Lastly, more contact with immigrants also has direct effects on integration preferences