L'enseignement de l'écriture manuelle

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 201

Influence of pressing temperature on dynamics of strength of adhesive bond

Proučevali smo vpliv temperature stiskanja na utrjevanje urea-formaldehidnih (UF) lepil. Uporabili smo dve vrsti UF lepil proizvajalca Basf: Kaurit 345 z nižjo vsebnostjo prostega formaldehida in Kaurit 350 z višjo vsebnostjo. Preizkušanci so bili standardni in sicer iz javorjevega furnirja, debeline 0,6 mm. Preizkušanci so se po razrezu klimatizirali pri sobnih pogojih: 23 °C in 55 % vlažnostjo. Kinetiko utrjevanja UF lepil smo izvedli z ABES (Automated Bonding Evaluation System) instrumentom. Lepilna mešanica je bila skozi vse poizkuse konstantna, sestavljena iz 100 utežnih deležev vodne raztopine lepila in 1,5 % katalizatorja - amonijevega sulfata (glede na suho snov lepila). Testiranje je potekalo pri različnih temperaturah stiskanja: 80, 100, 120, 150, 170 °C. Trajanje stiskanja smo prilagajali glede na razvoj strižne trdnosti. Ko je ABES izmeril strižno trdnost večjo od 0, smo meritev pri enakem času stiskanja ponovili vsaj trikrat. Testirali smo tudi vpliv pH vrednosti različnih furnirjev na utrjevanje UF lepil. Ker katalizator zniža pH vrednost mešanice ter pospeši utrjevanje UF lepil, smo enak princip znižanja pH vrednosti ugotavljali s pomočjo različnih lesnih vrst. Vsaka lesna vrsta ima različno pH vrednost, ki tako dodatno pripomore k spremembi kislosti oz. bazičnosti lepilne mešanice med stiskanjem. Testirali smo preizkušance šestih različnih drevesnih vrst (javor, bukev, hrast, oreh, smreka, brest). S pomočjo termočlena smo raziskali spreminjanje temperature v lepilnem spoju med vročim lepljenjem. Ugotovili smo, da je imela temperatura stiskanja bistveni vpliv na hitrost utrjevanja lepila in da hlajenje preizkušanca po stiskanju ni vplivalo na trdnost spoja. Lepilo z višjim deležem formaldehida je utrjevalo hitreje.We studied the effect of pressing temperature on hardening of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. We used two types of UF adhesives pre-prepared by manufacturer Basf: Kaurit 345 with a lower content of free formaldehyde and Kaurit 350 with a higher content. For testing of kinetics, we used ABES (Automated Bonding Evaluation System) instrument. To preform standard tests, we used maple veneers, with thickness of 0,6 mm. All veneer was prepared and then left for two day at room conditions of 23 °C and 55 % air humidity, to acclimate. Every test has constant adhesive mixture, consisted of 100 weight units of aqueous adhesive solution and 1,5 % catalyst (ammonium sulphate) (according to dry quantity of glue). Bonding strength was investigated at different pressing temperatures: 80, 100, 120, 150 and 170 °C. Times of gluing were adjusted according to feedback of shear strength. If ABES measured sear strength higher than 0 N/mm2, we carried out at least two more tests of strength. pH value of wood was measured. With usage of different veneers, we tested its influence on bond development. For this test, we used six different species (maple, beech, oak, walnut, spruce, elm). With use of thermocouple we investigated temperature changes in bond during gluing process. We found out that the pressing temperature had a significant influence on hardening time. Cooling specimens after gluing process did not have big effect on joint strength. Adhesive with more formaldehyde was curing faster

PPARγ Controls Dectin-1 Expression Required for Host Antifungal Defense against Candida albicans

We recently showed that IL-13 or peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands attenuate Candida albicans colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, using a macrophage-specific Dectin-1 deficient mice model, we demonstrate that Dectin-1 is essential to control fungal gastrointestinal infection by PPARγ ligands. We also show that the phagocytosis of yeast and the release of reactive oxygen intermediates in response to Candida albicans challenge are impaired in macrophages from Dectin-1 deficient mice treated with PPARγ ligands or IL-13. Although the Mannose Receptor is not sufficient to trigger antifungal functions during the alternative activation of macrophages, our data establish the involvement of the Mannose Receptor in the initial recognition of non-opsonized Candida albicans by macrophages. We also demonstrate for the first time that the modulation of Dectin-1 expression by IL-13 involves the PPARγ signaling pathway. These findings are consistent with a crucial role for PPARγ in the alternative activation of macrophages by Th2 cytokines. Altogether these data suggest that PPARγ ligands may be of therapeutic value in esophageal and gastrointestinal candidiasis in patients severely immunocompromised or with metabolic diseases in whom the prevalence of candidiasis is considerable

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570

Intérêts de la protocolisation de la prise en charge du patient asthmatique se présentant au SAU du CHU de Reims

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Incident hypertension in relation to aircraft noise exposure: results of the DEBATS longitudinal study in France

Background: Although several cross-sectional studies have shown that aircraft noise exposure was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, a limited number of longitudinal studies have addressed this issue. This study is part of the DEBATS (Discussion on the health effect of aircraft noise) research program and aimed to investigate the association between aircraft noise exposure and the incidence of hypertension.Methods: In 2013, 1,244 adults living near three major French airports were included in this longitudinal study. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as demographic and lifestyle factors, were collected at baseline and after two and four years of follow-up during face-to-face interviews. Exposure to aircraft noise was estimated for each participant's home address using noise maps. Statistical analyses were performed using mixed Poisson and linear regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.Results: A 10 dB(A) increase in aircraft noise levels in terms of Lden was associated with a higher incidence of hypertension (incidence rate ratio (IRR) =1.36, 95% CI: 1.02; 1.82). The association was also significant for Lday (IRR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.07; 1.85) and Lnight (IRR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.01; 1.71). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased with all noise indicators.Conclusion: These results strengthen those obtained from the cross-sectional analysis of the data collected at the time of inclusion in DEBATS, as well as those from previous studies conducted in other countries. Hence, they support the hypothesis that aircraft noise exposure may be considered as a risk factor for hypertension

Optimal Duration of MRI Follow-up to Safely Identify Middle Ear Residual Cholesteatoma

International audienceBackground and purpose: Previous studies have demonstrated the usefulness of non-EPI DWI for detection of residual cholesteatoma. However, limited data are available to determine the suitable duration of imaging follow-up after a first MR imaging with normal findings has been obtained. The present study aimed to determine the optimal duration of non-EPI DWI follow-up for residual cholesteatoma.Materials and methods: A retrospective, monocentric study was performed between 2013 and 2019 and included all participants followed up after canal wall up tympanoplasty with at least 2 non-EPI DWI examinations performed on the same 1.5T MR imaging scanner. MR images were reviewed independently by 2 radiologists. Sensitivity and specificity values were calculated as a function of time after the operation. Receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed to determine the optimal follow-up duration.Results: We analyzed 47 MRIs from 17 participants. At the end of the individual follow-up period, a residual cholesteatoma had been found in 41.1% of cases. The follow-up duration ranged from 20 to 198 months (mean, 65.9 [SD, 43.9] months). Participants underwent between 2 and 5 non-EPI DWI examinations. Analyses of the receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that the optimal diagnostic value of non-EPI DWI occurred 56 months after the operation when the first MR imaging performed a mean of 17.3 (SD, 6.8) months after the operation had normal findings (sensitivity = 0.71; specificity = 0.7, Youden index = 0.43).Conclusions: Repeat non-EPI DWI is required to detect slow-growing middle ear residual cholesteatomas. We, therefore, recommend performing non-EPI DWI for at least the first 5 years after the initial operation

Selective Cardiomyocyte Oxidative Stress Leads to Bystander Senescence of Cardiac Stromal Cells

International audienceAccumulation of senescent cells in tissues during normal or accelerated aging has been shown to be detrimental and to favor the outcomes of age-related diseases such as heart failure (HF). We have previously shown that oxidative stress dependent on monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) activity in cardiomyocytes promotes mitochondrial damage, the formation of telomere-associated foci, senescence markers, and triggers systolic cardiac dysfunction in a model of transgenic mice overexpressing MAOA in cardiomyocytes (Tg MAOA). However, the impact of cardiomyocyte oxidative stress on the cardiac microenvironment in vivo is still unclear. Our results showed that systolic cardiac dysfunction in Tg MAOA mice was strongly correlated with oxidative stress induced premature senescence of cardiac stromal cells favoring the recruitment of CCR2+ monocytes and the installation of cardiac inflammation. Understanding the interplay between oxidative stress induced premature senescence and accelerated cardiac dysfunction will help to define new molecular pathways at the crossroad between cardiac dysfunction and accelerated aging, which could contribute to the increased susceptibility of the elderly to HF