ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA NO CONTEXTO DO TRATAMENTO DE TABAGISTAS:: ESTUDO DE CASO

Medicamentos são substâncias químicas que, quando em doses terapêuticas, atuam no organismo contribuindo para homeostase. Em contrapartida, sabe-se que a associação de dois ou mais fármacos pode acarretar alterações em seu mecanismo de atuação, conduzindo a riscos de toxicidade acompanhados de prejuízos à saúde por meio das interações medicamentosas. Objetiva-se estudar a atenção farmacêutica no contexto do tratamento de tabagistas. Na presente pesquisa foi realizado seguimento farmacoterapêutico de um paciente atendido em grupo de tratamento de tabagistas do município de Campina Grande, Paraíba. O tabagista em tratamento voluntário, sexo masculino, 52 anos, infartado, usuário dos medicamentos trimetazidina, bissulfato de clopidogrel, ácido acetilsalicílico, atorvastatina cálcica, oxalato de escitalopram, ramipril e succinato de metoprolol. Foi prescrito Bupropiona para tratamento do tabagismo. No acompanhamento da evolução foi utilizado o método Dáder, participação em grupos de apoio para resolução dos Problemas Relacionados a Medicamentos (PRMs) e aprimoramento da prática de atenção farmacêutica. Observaram-se riscos à saúde decorrentes da interação entre fármacos, fazendo-se necessárias estratégias que proporcionem segurança à utilização dos mesmos. Foi suspensa bupropiona e realizada a abordagem cognitiva comportamental. No relato, o tabagista em tratamento recebeu orientações por meio da atenção farmacêutica fortalecendo e promovendo adesão ao tratamento sem utilização da medicação prescrita para tratamento de tabagistas. Conclui-se que a atenção farmacêutica tem potencial para se tornar indispensável no âmbito da saúde em virtude de promover saúde por realizar observação qualificada da atuação do

Economic viability of the use of crude glycerin supplements in diets for grazing crossbred calves

The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic returns of crossbred calves grazing on pastures formed by Urochloa brizantha fed crude glycerin as a supplement. Thirty-six crossbred calves with initial average weight of 301.5 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates per treatment. The animals were maintained on rotational grazing production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The tested treatments were 0.0, 3.33, 6.66 and 9.99% inclusion of crude glycerin in the total dry matter as a substitute for corn. The production of meat was not altered by the inclusion of glycerin in the diet. The inclusion of glycerin caused a reduction of up to 14.93% in the price of the concentrate. There was a significant increase in the total balance, which rose from 3.76 to 91.89 R$/ha with the inclusion of glycerin. The inclusion of crude glycerin in the supplement was capable of raising the net present value and the internal rate of return, proving to be an alternative to reduce the cost of production of supplemented pastured animals

Inspiratory Muscle Training and Functional Capacity in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Abstract Introduction: Cardiac surgery is a highly complex procedure which generates worsening of lung function and decreased inspiratory muscle strength. The inspiratory muscle training becomes effective for muscle strengthening and can improve functional capacity. Objective: To investigate the effect of inspiratory muscle training on functional capacity submaximal and inspiratory muscle strength in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods: This is a clinical randomized controlled trial with patients undergoing cardiac surgery at Instituto Nobre de Cardiologia. Patients were divided into two groups: control group and training. Preoperatively, were assessed the maximum inspiratory pressure and the distance covered in a 6-minute walk test. From the third postoperative day, the control group was managed according to the routine of the unit while the training group underwent daily protocol of respiratory muscle training until the day of discharge. Results: 50 patients, 27 (54%) males were included, with a mean age of 56.7±13.9 years. After the analysis, the training group had significant increase in maximum inspiratory pressure (69.5±14.9 vs. 83.1±19.1 cmH2O, P=0.0073) and 6-minute walk test (422.4±102.8 vs. 502.4±112.8 m, P=0.0031). Conclusion: We conclude that inspiratory muscle training was effective in improving functional capacity submaximal and inspiratory muscle strength in this sample of patients undergoing cardiac surgery

Glicerina de baixa pureza na suplementação de bovinos terminados a pasto: análise bioeconômica

This study aimed to evaluate the dry matter intake, digestibility of diet components, performance, feed conversion, carcass characteristics and economics aspects of inclusion with low purity glycerin supplementation on cattle finished on pasture with Brachiaria decumbens. We used 35 male cattle bulls, predominantly Nellore, with initial body weight of 428.0 ± 32.11 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications. Treatments consisted of glycerin inclusion levels (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12%) in the dry matter (DM). The animals were weighed every 28 days to assess the weight gain (ADG) and adjust the diet. At the end of the experiment the animals were weighed to obtain the average final body weight (BWF) and slaughtered to evaluate the carcass yield (HCY) and carcass traits. The economic analysis was conducted in relation to weight gain in kilos, in order to verify the feasibility of the use of diets with five levels of glycerin, without considering other fixed and operational costs. Increased linearly (P <0.05) levels of glycerin on the intake and digestibility of ether extract and ADG. Linear effect (P <0.05) on the digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (CDFDN), crude protein (CDCP) and feed conversion (FC). No effects were observed (P <0.05) the inclusion of glycerin on carcass traits evaluated. The inclusion of glycerin reduced the cost of production of meat at sign when the price of this ingredient represented up to 70% of the price of corn. Glycerin low purity can be included in the diet of cattle uncastrated finishing the pasture with improved performance and ncreased economic benefits.Objetivou-se avaliar a ingestão de matéria seca, digestibilidade dos componentes da dieta, desempenho, conversão alimentar, características de carcaça e aspectos econômicos da inclusão de glicerina com baixa pureza na suplementação de bovinos terminados em pastagem com Brachiaria decumbens. Utilizou-se 35 bovinos machos, não castrados, com predominância da raça Nelore, com peso corporal médio inicial de 428,0 ± 32,11 kg, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram de teores de inclusão da glicerina (0, 3, 6, 9 e 12%) na matéria seca (MS). Os animais foram pesados a cada 28 dias para avaliação do ganho de peso médio diário (GMD) e ajuste da ração. Ao final do experimento os animais foram pesados para obtenção do peso corporal médio final (PCF) e abatidos para a avaliação do rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ) e das características de carcaça. A análise econômica foi realizada em relação ao ganho de peso em arrobas, a fim de se verificar a viabilidade do uso das rações com cinco teores de glicerina, sem considerar os demais custos fixos e operacionais. Houve efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) dos teores de glicerina sobre a ingestão e coeficiente de digestibilidade do extrato etéreo e GMD. Efeito linear decrescente (P<0,05) sobre os coeficientes de digestibilidade da fibra em detergente neutro (CDFDN), proteína bruta (CDPB) e conversão alimentar (CA). Não foram observados efeitos (P<0,05) da inclusão  da glicerina sobre as características de carcaça avaliadas. A inclusão da glicerina reduziu o custo de produção de arroba de carne quando o preço desse ingrediente representou até 70% do preço do milho. A glicerina de baixa pureza pode ser incluída na dieta de bovinos não castrados em terminação a pasto com melhoria do desempenho e aumento dos benefícios econômicos

Ingestive behavior of grazing heifers receiving crude glycerin supplementation during the dry-rainy season transition

The search to find food alternatives for corn and feeding alternatives that reduce the cost of production has been constant. The use of oleaginous grains to produce ethanol and biodiesel has produced an excess of byproducts, especially biodiesel which produces crude glycerin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of including crude glycerin on the ingestive behavior of crossbred heifers supplemented with pasture. Thirty-six crossbred heifers with an initial mean weight of 301.5 ± 31 kg were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and nine replicates per treatment. The animals were kept in a Brachiaria brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf 'Marandu' pasture in a rotational-grazing system. The treatments tested were 0.0%, 3.33%, 6.66%, and 9.99% crude glycerin included in total DM to replace corn (Tea mays L.) Including crude glycerin reduced the time for grazing and eating at the trough and increased idle time. Rumination was quadratically influenced. Eating time (min kg-1 DM and neutral detergent fiber [NDF]) was reduced, while rumination time (min kg-1 DM and NDF) was quadratically affected by adding glycerin. The variables, time spent per ruminated bolus and the number of chews per day, were not affected. The number of boluses per day showed a quadratic effect. The number of grazing, idle, ruminating, and eating at the trough periods were not affected by including crude glycerin; means were 15.1, 24.9, and 13.3 and 3.71 periods d-1, respectively. Feed and rumination efficiency (kg h-1 DM and NDF) increased when crude glycerin was included in the diet. Including crude glycerin promotes feed and rumination efficiency in grazing heifers

Glicerina bruta na dieta de vacas lactantes mantidas em pastagem tropical: comportamento ingestivo

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lactating dairy cows grazing on tropical pasture supplemented with different levels of crude glycerin in the diet. Ten lactating cows, ¾ Gir x ¼ Holstein Dairy cows, primiparous, and 109 ± 24 days of lactation, mean age 30 ± 6 months and mean body weight of 426.2 ± 68.29 kg, distributed into five treatments, in double (5x5) Latin square design, were used. The treatments consisted of inclusion levels of crude glycerin in the diet (0.0, 4.5, 9.0, 13.5, and 18.0% dry matter basis). The behavior evaluation was performed on the 14th day of each period, with observations every five minutes for a period of 24 hours. The results were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and regression at 5% probability. For the grazing time, other activities, rumination, feeding trough, the number of grazing periods, other activities, rumination and feeding trough, as well as bit rate, number and time of chews per bolus, and efficiencies of eating and ruminating were not significant differences among crude glycerin levels in the diet (P>0.05). The inclusion of crude glycerin in diets for lactating cows in tropical pastures does not promote changes in ingestive behavior. The absence of negative effects related to the use of this byproduct in substitution of corn in these conditions allows its use in up to 18% crude glycerin in diets for dairy cows without changing the behavioral parameters related to food intake. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o comportamento ingestivo de vacas lactantes mantidas em pastagem tropical suplementadas com diferentes níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta. Foram utilizadas 10 vacas lactantes, ¾ Holandesa x ¼ Gir Leiteiro, primíparas, com 109 ± 24 dias de lactação, idade média de 30 ± 6 meses e peso corporal médio de 426,2 ± 68,29 kg, distribuídas em cinco tratamentos, utilizando-se dois quadrados latinos cinco por cinco (5x5), Os tratamentos foram constituídos pelos níveis de inclusão de glicerina bruta na dieta (0; 4,5; 9; 13,5 e 18%; base matéria seca). A avaliação do comportamento foi realizada no 14º dia de cada período, sendo feitas observações a cada cinco minutos por um período de 24 horas. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de análises de variância e regressão a 5% de probabilidade. Para os tempos de pastejo, outras atividades, ruminação, alimentação no cocho, número de períodos de pastejo, outras atividades, ruminação e alimentação no cocho, assim como taxa de bocado, número de mastigações merícicas e tempo por bolo alimentar, e as eficiências de alimentação e ruminação não foram verificadas diferenças entre os níveis de glicerina bruta na dieta (P>0,05). A inclusão de glicerina bruta na dieta de vacas lactantes em pastagens tropicais não promove variações no comportamento ingestivo. A ausência de efeitos negativos relacionados ao uso deste coproduto em substituição ao milho nestas condições permite a sua utilização em até 18% de glicerina bruta em dietas para vaca leiteiras sem alterar os parâmetros comportamentais relacionados à ingestão de alimentos

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data