13 research outputs found

    Characterization of native pasture with predominance Eragrostis plana Nees and reproductive performance of primiparous cows supplemented

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    Foram avaliadas as características produtivas e estruturais de uma pastagem nativa com predominância de capim-annoni (Eragrostis plana Nees) e sua relação com desempenho reprodutivo de vacas primíparas suplementadas com sal comum, sal mineral, sal proteinado e sal reprodução. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com parcelas subdivididas no tempo. Houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) dos componentes estruturais entre períodos, com maior oferta de folha (6,3%), colmo (4,1%) e espécies nativas (0,9%) no verão. Verificaram-se maiores teores de proteína bruta na folha (8,9%), colmo (6,7%) de capim-annoni e espécies nativas (12,0%) na primavera. Os valores proteicos do pasto associados com suplementos, não promoveram ganhos médios diários nem condição corporal satisfatórios nas vacas no pós-parto (-0,126 kg dia-1; 2,7), acasalamento (-0,003 kg dia-1; 2,7) e pós-acasalamento (-0,132 kg dia-1; 2,7). O ganho médio diário não diferiu entre os suplementos, sal reprodução, sal proteinado, sal mineral e sal comum com valores de -0,039; -0,065; -0,093; e -0,152 kg dia-1, respectivamente. A taxa de prenhez das vacas também não diferiu entre suplementos, sal reprodução (25%), sal proteinado (12,5%), sal mineral (0,0%) e sal comum (0,0%). A suplementação mineral e proteica de vacas primíparas não interfere nas características produtivas e estruturais da pastagem nativa.The productive and structural characteristics of a native pasture with predominance South African lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees) and their relationship with reproductive performance of primiparous beef cows supplemented with common salt, mineral salt, protein salt and reproduction salt was evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized in split-plots. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the structural components between periods, with a high supply of leaf (6.3%), stem (4.1%) and native species (0.9%) in summer. There was higher content of crude protein in the leaf (8.9%), stems (6.7%) of lovegrass and native species (12.0%) in the spring. The protein values of pasture associated with supplements did not improve mean daily gain and body condition of cows in the postpartum (-0.126 kg day-1, 2.7), mating (-0.003 kg day-1, 2.7) and post-mating (-0.132 kg day-1, 2.7). The mean daily gain in cows did not show differences among supplements, reproduction salt, protein salt, mineral salt and common salt with values -0.039, -0.065, -0.093 and -0.152 kg day-1, respectively. The pregnancy rate of cows did not show difference among supplements, reproduction salt (25.0%), protein salt (12.5%), mineral salt (0.0%) and common salt (0.0%). The mineral and protein supplementation does not affect the structural and productive characteristics of native pasture

    Economic return of primiparous cows supplemented on natural pasture dominated by Eragrostis plana Nees

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    O experimento avaliou o retorno econômico da suplementação proteica e mineral de vacas primíparas no pré e pós-parto, em pastagem nativa dominada por capim annoni (Eragrostis planna Nees). Foram avaliados os custos de produção, produção animal e margem bruta. As vacas foram suplementadas com: sal comum, sal mineral, sal proteinado e sal reprodução. O valor nutritivo do pasto nativo foi avaliado pelos teores de proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN). Os menores pesos corporais foram observados nas vacas mantidas em pastagem nativa e suplementadas com sal comum e sal mineral no momento do parto (321 e 329 kg), seguidas daquelas suplementadas com sal proteinado e sal reprodução (358 e 360 kg). O peso corporal e as taxas de prenhez no final do acasalamento foram de 288 a 339 kg e de 50 a 62,5% entre os suplementos. O custo total e a receita líquida foram de 11,79/175,6; 20,72/188,0; 39,98/170,0 e 28,13/186,3 Rha1paraossuplementossalcomum,salmineral,salproteinadoesalreproduc\ca~o,respectivamente.Amaiormargembrutafoiobtidacomsuplemenc\ca~odesalmineralreproduc\ca~o214,47R ha-1 para os suplementos sal comum, sal mineral, sal proteinado e sal reprodução, respectivamente. A maior margem bruta foi obtida com suplemenção de sal mineral reprodução 214,47 R ha-1. A utilização do suplemento sal reprodução para vacas primíparas no pré e pós-parto em pastagem nativa dominada por capim-annoni resultou em maior retorno financeiro direto.The experiment evaluated the economic return of the protein and mineral supplementation of primiparous cows pre and postpartum on natural pasture dominated by South African lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Ness). Production costs, animal production and gross margin were evaluated. Cows were supplemented with: common salt, mineral sal, protein salt and reproduction salt. The nutritional of the rangeland was evaluated by crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) percentages. The lowest body weights were observed on cows grazing on natural pastures and supplemented with common salt and mineral sal at parturition (321 and 329 kg), followed by those supplemented with protein salt and reproduction salt (358 and 360 kg). The body weight and pregnancy rates at the end of mating were from 288 to 339 kg and from 50 to 62.5% between supplements. The total cost and the net earnings were 11.79/175.6; 20.72/188.0; 39.98/170.0 e 28.13/186.3 Rha1forsupplementscommonsalt,mineralsalt,proteinsaltandreproductionsalt,respectively.Thehighergrossmarginwasobtainedwithsupplementationreproductionsalt214.47R ha-1 for supplements common salt, mineral salt, protein salt and reproduction salt, respectively. The higher gross margin was obtained with supplementation reproduction salt 214.47 R ha-1. The use of reproduction salt supplement for primiparous cows pre and postpartum on natural pasture dominated by South African lovegrass resulted in greater economic return

    Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

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    BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

    Technical-economic results of beef cattle breeding suplementation in natural grassland invaded by capimannoni- 2

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    A utilização racional de pastagens nativas dominadas pela invasora capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Nees) é uma das ferramentas de manejo recomendadas para o controle da sua expansão bem como melhorar a margem bruta da propriedade. Por esta razão, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto bioeconômico da utilização de tratamentos de suplementação mineral e protéica sobre a dinâmica de um rebanho de bovinos de cria em pastagem nativa invadida por esta espécie, na região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. Os tratamentos consistiram no fornecimento dos seguintes suplementos: a) SC - sal comum; b) SM - sal mineral; c) SP - sal proteinado; d) e SRP – mistura de sal reprodução + sal proteinado). A margem bruta econômica foi estimada a partir do efeito dos tratamentos gerados através dos seguintes coeficientes técnicos: taxa de natalidade, ganho de peso, carga animal, peso de terneiros ao nascer, consumo de suplementos. De maneira geral, a mistura SRP apresentou os melhores coeficientes técnicos, como aumento de natalidade e maior peso médio dos animais e, conseqüentemente, resultou a maior margem bruta. O SM apresentou os piores coeficientes técnicos bem como a menor margem bruta. O aumento de natalidade com o uso do SRP e SP propiciou maior produção de terneiros para venda, assim como uma renovação mais rápida do plantel de matrizes reprodutoras otimizando sistema proposto. Do ponto de vista econômico, o uso do SRP apresentou a melhor margem bruta.The rational use of natural grassland invaded by capim-annoni-2 grass (Eragrostis plana Nees) is one of the tools recomended to control its expansion as well to improve the gross margin of the cattle farm. In view of that, the present work aimed at to evaluate the bioeconomic impact of the protein and mineral salt supplementation on the livestock productive performance of a beef cattle breeding in native pastures invaded by this species, in the region of the Central Depression of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The economic gross margin was estimated from the effect of the treatments generated through the following technical coefficients: birth rate, liveweight gain, stocking rate, heifers birth liveweight and supplement consumption. The treatments consisted on the supply of the following supplements: a) CS - common salt; b) MS - mineral salt; c) PS - protein salt; d) MRP - a mixture of reproduction mineral salt and protein salt. In general, the mix SRP presented the best technical coefficients, such as increase of birth rate and higher average animal liveweight which, therefore, resulted as the largest gross margin. The MS presented the worst technical coefficients as well as the lowest gross margin. The SRP and SP presented higher birth rate and heifer production for sale as well as a faster renewal of the beef livestock breeding cows optimizing the proposed system. In economical terms, the use of SRP presented the best gross margin

    Poder germinativo de sementes de capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Ness) recuperadas em fezes de bovinos

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    Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do processo de digestão de bovinos sobre o poder germinativo de sementes de capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Ness) recuperadas nas fezes. As sementes (6 g, 27.273 sementes) foram colocadas no saco ventral do rúmem de oito novilhos fistulados, mantidos em gaiolas para ensaios metabólicos. Quarenta e três por cento das sementes fornecidas aos animais foram recuperadas nas fezes: aquelas recuperadas nos três primeiros dias corresponderam a 97,2% da quantidade de sementes fornecidas. Somente 7,2% das sementes recuperadas, equivalente a 3,1% da quantidade de sementes fornecidas, apresentaram viabilidade. O tempo de permanência no trato digestivo foi a principal causa do desaparecimento das sementes consumidas e da perda de seu poder germinativo. A ausência de sementes de capim-annoni-2 nas fezes ocorre a partir do oitavo dia após a ingestão, assim, bovinos devem permanecer em quarentena por sete dias em área livre de capim-annoni-2 para limpeza do trato digestivo.This work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the effect of the bovine digestion process on the germination capacity of the capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Ness) seeds recovered in feces. The seeds (6 g, 27,273 seeds) were placed in a ruminal ventral sack of eight fistulated steers kept in pen trial. Forthy-three percent of the offered seeds were recovered in the feces. Seeds recovered in the first three days corresponded to 97.2% of the offered seeds. Only 7.2% of the recovered seeds germinated and represented 3.1% of the offered seeds. The permanence time in the digestive trait was the main cause for the disappearance of consumed seeds and for the loss in their germination capacity. The absence of capim-annoni-2 seeds in the feces occurs in the eighth day after ingestion, then, bovines should be kept in quarantine for seven days in an area free of capim-annoni-2 seeds to clean their digestive trait

    Comportamento ingestivo diurno de vacas primíparas em pastagem nativa dominada por capim-annoni-2 com suplementação proteica e mineral em diversas estações climáticas

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    Avaliou-se a influência da suplementação proteica e mineral sobre o comportamento ingestivo de vacas primíparas em pastagem nativa dominada por capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Ness) recebendo suplementação com sal comum; sal mineral; sal proteinado; ou sal para reprodução e sal proteinado (1:1). Testou-se a hipótese de que suplementos minerais e proteinados pudessem promover alterações no comportamento ingestivo dos animais em pastejo. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área de 37 ha de pastagem nativa invadida por capim-annoni-2, dividida em oito potreiros (unidades experimentais). Os animais foram avaliados no período diurno, por dois dias consecutivos, em cada uma das estações climáticas, de abril de 2006 a março de 2007. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com duas repetições. Os tempos de pastejo, de ruminação, de ócio e de outras atividades não diferiram entre suplementos, e os valores médios diários para essas atividades foram 505, 108, 70 e 11 minutos, respectivamente. Os tempos de pastejo, ruminação e ócio e a taxa de bocados diferiram significativamente entre as estações climáticas. A suplementação proteica e mineral não promove alterações significativas no comportamento ingestivo dos animais. O comportamento ingestivo, no entanto, é influenciado pelas estações climáticas.The influence was assessed of protein and mineral supplementation on the ingestive behavior of pregnant heifers on a native grassland dominated by capim-annoni-2 (Eragrostis plana Ness) supplementation with common salt, mineral salt, protein salt and protein salt and reproduction salt (1:1). The hypothesis was tested that different mineral and protein salt supplements could promote alterations in the animal grazing ingestive behavior. The study was carried out in a 37 ha area of native pasture invaded by capim-annoni-2, divided into 8 paddocks (experimental units). The animals were evaluated during the daylight period on two consecutive days, in each one of the climatic seasons, from April 2006 to March 2007. A randomized complete design was used with two replications. The grazing time, ruminating, idling and other activities did not differ among supplements, and the average daily values for these activities were 505, 108, 70 and 11 min., respectively. The grazing time, ruminating, idling and bite rate differed significantly among the climatic seasons. Protein salt and mineral salt supplementation does not promote significant changes in the animals ingestive behavior. The ingestive behavior is, however, influenced by the climatic seasons
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