Citizens (or citoyennes) of the World: Women’s Citizenship and Exile in the French Revolutionary Years 1789-1793

This study examines the fluid definitions of citizenship during the French Revolution, especially citizenship’s relationship to exile. I assert that citizenship was always defined by who could not be citizens. Furthermore, this study focuses upon women’s experience of citizenship and exile for their especial vulnerability to exclusion from public and political affairs. In particular, I address the political actions of Parisian common women, and the political actions and writings of the English exiles Helen Maria Williams and Mary Wollstonecraft. Essentially, this study has three distinct parts that demonstrate the development of women’s citizenship during the Revolution and the causes of their official exile from active citizenship. First, I examine the historical situation of the October Days, when Parisian market-women drew upon traditional female political action to perform a militant citizenship in the new régime. Next, I move from the physical to the mediated experiences of revolution as I examine the initial responses of Edmund Burke, Mary Wollstonecraft, and Helen Maria Williams, and their different definitions of citizenship based upon a bourgeois English identity. Lastly, I examine Williams and Wollstonecraft’s experiences as exiles in France leading up to and during the Terror, the ways in which both English women negotiated the ever-restricting and nationalistic definitions of citizenship of the Jacobin régime while maintaining their cosmopolitan ideals. Furthermore, Williams and Wollstonecraft’s definition of bourgeois cosmopolitan citizenship was diametrically opposed to the popular sovereignty promoted by the Parisian common women. In the end, I seek to demonstrate that women, whatever their class or nationality, were always acting or attempting to define citizenship from a position of exile

Building Brand Reputation in the Digital Age: Identifying effective brand communication to win the moment of truth online

Thesis purpose: The central purpose is to deliver a theoretical and practical contribution to existing literature in the fields of brand identity as well as brand reputation and particularly brand communication as a connecting link, lying in between. Further, the authors attempt to provide thorough understanding of the influence of online brand communication on consumers’ decision-making process respectively the critical moment of truth online. In this context, a newly created brand management model is introduced. Theoretical perspective: The literature review covers the interconnectedness between brand identity and brand reputation and theoretically examines the consumer decision-making journey in an online context. It creates the basis for the subsequent empirical research. Thereby existing brand identity frameworks have been reviewed in detail. Methodology: The authors apply a grounded theory strategy. Thereby a mixed method approach is used by combining both qualitative and quantitative data collection. Empirical Data: Empirical data is gathered through in-depth interviews with twelve technology affine consumers. Subsequently, quantitative data is collected through an online survey in order to further evaluate the qualitative findings. Conclusion: The authors conclude that multiple online communication channels have an impact on the creation of positive brand reputation and consequently a consumer’s decision making process. Thereby valuable guidance to the management process of online brand communication in order to establish positive brand reputation is provided. This is presented through a newly created model- The Brand Identity Communication Reputation Matrix (BICRM), which builds upon existing theory in the fields of brand reputation

Doping homogeneity in co-doped materials investigated at different length scales

Doping homogeneity is important for the properties of co-doped phosphors, as it can affect the energy transfer between sensitizer and activator ions. In a case study we apply different methods, that is scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping, SEM combined with cathodoluminescence (CL) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), to study the doping homogeneity of the host system monazite LaPO4 doped with two different lanthanide ions on different length scales. A new criterion for doping heterogeneity in co-doped systems is developed, which is based on the NMR visibility function, which for this purpose is extended to doping with two or more paramagnetic dopants. A deviation from this function is indicative of doping heterogeneity on the length-scale of the blind-spheres of the paramagnetic dopants. A discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods is presented. The combined approach allows to study doping homogeneity from the nm to the mm scale

Visual Feature Attribution using Wasserstein GANs

Attributing the pixels of an input image to a certain category is an important and well-studied problem in computer vision, with applications ranging from weakly supervised localisation to understanding hidden effects in the data. In recent years, approaches based on interpreting a previously trained neural network classifier have become the de facto state-of-the-art and are commonly used on medical as well as natural image datasets. In this paper, we discuss a limitation of these approaches which may lead to only a subset of the category specific features being detected. To address this problem we develop a novel feature attribution technique based on Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGAN), which does not suffer from this limitation. We show that our proposed method performs substantially better than the state-of-the-art for visual attribution on a synthetic dataset and on real 3D neuroimaging data from patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). For AD patients the method produces compellingly realistic disease effect maps which are very close to the observed effects.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 201

Optimized Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Borosilicate MCM-70

A structure analysis of the borosilicate zeolite MCM-70, whose synthesis had been patented in 2003, was reported in 2005. Unfortunately, that structure analysis was somewhat ambiguous. Anisotropic line broadening made it difficult to model the peak shape, some peaks in the electron density map could not be interpreted satisfactorily, the framework geometry was distorted, and MAS NMR results were partially contradictory. In an attempt to resolve some of these points, an optimization of the synthesis was undertaken, and the structure was reinvestigated. The structure was solved from synchrotron powder diffraction data collected on an as-synthesized sample (Pmn2_1, a = 13.3167(1) Å, b = 4.6604(1) Å, c = 8.7000(1) Å) using a powder charge-flipping algorithm. The framework topology, with a 1-dimensional, 10-ring channel system, is identical to the one previously reported. However, the B in this new sample was found to be ordered in the framework, fully occupying one of the four tetrahedral sites. Two extra-framework K^+ ion positions, each coordinated to five framework O atoms and one water molecule, were also found. The solid state ^(29)Si, ^(11)B and ^1H NMR results are fully consistent with this ordered structure

Effects of synchronous, auditory stimuli on running performance and heart rate

Research has demonstrated that the human being tends to couple body movements and external, acoustic stimuli (metronome or music). This effect is called auditory-motor synchronization. Motivational music possesses qualities which distract from feelings like fatigue and exertion. Combining these two effects may enhance the sports performance even more. Investigations showed that runners can increase their original cadence up to 2%. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of accelerated, synchronized stimuli on the running performance. Therefore, 28 students (15 ♀, 13 ♂) of the Institute of Sports Science in Innsbruck were asked to do two cooper tests each. After run 1 (no auditory signal), the sample was divided into two groups. In run 2, which took place on a different day, one group listened to music while running; the other group was stimulated by the sound of a metronome. Distance (m) and average heartrate were measured. 75% of the athletes achieved a greater distance under the influence of an acoustic stimulus. In fact, the running distance changed significantly using an acoustic stimulus: +61 m (SD ± 100) or 2.1% (SD ± 3.6). In group 1 (music), the performance improved up to + 3.8% (SD ± 3.3). This difference was significant compared to group 2 (metronome). The average heart rate decreased by 1.5 beats (SD ± 5) from run 1 to run 2. Influenced by music, the average heart rate measured 179 beats (SD ± 8) in contrast to 182 beats (SD ± 10) in run 1 (no acoustic stimulus). If the tempo of the acoustic stimulus is adapted to the accelerated cadence of an athlete (maximum 2%), improved distances due to the synchronization effect can be achieved. In combination with the motivating qualities of music, improved effects in sport performances could be produced