Co‐occurrence and clustering of sedentary behaviors, diet, sugar‐sweetened beverages, and alcohol intake among adolescents and adults: The latin american nutrition and health study (elans)

Poor diet, sedentary behaviors, sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) and alcohol intake seem to co‐exist in complex ways that are not well understood. The aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the extent to which unhealthy behaviors cluster in eight Latin America countries. A secondary aim was to identify socio‐demographic characteristics associated with these behaviors by country. Data from adolescents and adults from the “Latin American Health and Nutrition Study” was used and the prevalence of screen‐time, occupational and transportation–sedentary time, socializing with friends, poor diet, SSB and alcohol intake, alone and in combination, were identified. The eight Latin America (LA) countries added to analyses were: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations between ≥2 behaviors clustering, socio‐demographics and weight status. Among 9218 individuals, the most prevalent behaviors were transportation and occupation–sedentary time, SSB and alcohol intake. Younger, female, married/living with a partner, low and middle‐income and obese individuals had higher chances for these clustering behaviors. These results provide a multi-country level of understanding of the extent to which behaviors co‐occur in the LA population.University of San FranciscoRevisión por pare

Correlation between Neck Cricumference and Other Anthropometric Measurements in Eight Latin American Countries. Results from ELANS Study

Abstract Neck circumference (NC) is being used to identify the risk of chronic diseases. There is a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in Latin America, and neck circumference is a simple and practical measurement to assess this, especially in primary health centers. We analyzed the correlation between the NC anthropometric indicator and other anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference (WC) in eight Latin American cities. We applied Pearson's correlation to identify the correlate NC with the other anthropometric variables stratified by sex; the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) by sex were evaluated according to the cut-off established with the Youden Index. The strongest correlations between NC and WC were found when stratified by sex (women: r = 0.71; men: r = 0.69, respectively) followed by the correlation between NC and BMI (r = 0.65, both sex). NC cut-off points of 39.0 cm in men and 32.9 cm in women identified those individuals with an increased WC and 39.8 and 33.7 cm, respectively, for a substantial increase in WC. For BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 for men, the cut-off point was 37.5 cm, and for women, it was 33.1 cm, and for BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, the cut-off points were 39.2 and 34.2 cm, for men and women, respectively. Conclusion: NC proved to be a useful, practical, and inexpensive tool that can be used to identify, evaluate, and monitor overweight and obese individuals.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosFerrero///ItaliaHospital Infantil Sabará///BrazilInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Breakfast in Latin America: Evaluation of Nutrient and Foot Group Intake Toward a Nutrient-Based Recommendation

Background: Little is known about breakfast habits of the Latin American (LA) population to support nutritional recommendations for a balanced breakfast in this region. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition of breakfast in the LA population and to propose recommendations for a balanced breakfast. Design: This multicenter cross-sectional study evaluated food and nutrient intake of nationally representative samples of urban populations of 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela) in 2014-2015. Participants/setting: The sample comprised 8714 participants from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health, aged 15 to 65 years, randomly recruited according to geographical location, sex, age, and socioeconomic level. Main outcome measures: Two 24-hour recalls were used to examine dietary intake. Breakfast consumers were stratified by tertiles of Nutrient-Rich Foods Index 9.3 (NRF9.3) to assess the overall diet quality of individuals. Nutrient intake at breakfast of those in the upper tertile of NRF9.3 pooled for the 8 countries was used as a reference for the development of recommendations for LA adolescents and adults. Statistical analyses: Comparison of food and nutrient intake of breakfast across NRF9.3 tertiles were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. Results: Overall breakfast was an important contributor to protein, carbohydrate, and B vitamin intakes but also to added sugar and total and saturated fat intakes relative to daily intakes. Individuals in the upper NRF9.3 tertile had higher intake of key micronutrients such as calcium and potassium at breakfast compared with other tertiles. White breads/rolls/tortillas were the most consumed food group (60%), followed by butter/margarine (40%) and coffee/tea without milk (34%-50%). Conclusions: Breakfast contributed to the daily intake of B vitamins, protein, and carbohydrates but also added sugar and total and saturated fat intakes for all countries. The proposed recommendations support the nutrient density of existing highest-quality breakfast in the LA population while addressing concerns about nutrients to be encouraged or reduced.UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Meeting 24-h movement guidelines and markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin America countries: the ELANS study

This study aimed to compare compliance with 24-h movement guidelines across countries and examine the associations with markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 2338 adults aged 18–65 years. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) data were objectively measured using accelerometers. Sleep duration was self-reported using a daily log. Body mass index and waist circumference were assessed as markers of adiposity. Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines was defned as≥ 150 min/week of MVPA; ≤ 8 h/ day of SB; and between 7 and 9 h/day of sleep. The number of guidelines being met was 0.90 (95% CI 0.86, 0.93) with higher value in men than women. We found diferences between countries. Meeting two and three movement guidelines was associated with overweight/obesity (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.58, 0.97 and OR: 0.69, 95% CI 0.51, 0.85, respectively) and high waist circumference (OR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.56, 0.97 and OR: 0.77, 95% CI 0.62, 0.96). Meeting MVPA and SB recommendations were related to reduced adiposity markers but only in men. Future research is needed to gain insights into the directionality of the associations between 24-h movement guidelines compliance and markers of adiposity but also the mechanisms underlying explaining diferences between men and women.Coca Cola Company///Estados UnidosHospital Infantil Sabará///BrazilInternational Life Science Institute//ILSI/ArgentinaUniversidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa RicaPontificia Universidad Católica de Chile///ChilePontificia Universidad Javeriana///ColombiaUniversidad Central de Venezuela//UCV/VenezuelaUniversidad San Francisco de Quito///EcuadorInstituto de Investigación Nutricional de Perú///PerúUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Salud::Facultad de Medicina::Escuela de Medicin

Evaluación del aporte nutricional de los almuerzos brindados por el comedor de un colegio de Lima Metropolitana, 2016

Introducción. El estado nutricional de los escolares no solo depende de lo que consumen en el hogar, sino de lo que consumen en las escuelas. Los comedores escolares son espacios para fomentar hábitos alimenticios saludables y proporcionar una alimentación nutritiva y balanceada para el óptimo crecimiento y desarrollo tanto físico como mental de los niños y adolescentes. En los últimos años se ha incrementado el interés en evaluar la composición nutricional de los almuerzos brindados por los comedores escolares, y en el Perú existe poca información en cuanto a la evaluación nutricional de las raciones ofrecidas en los comedores escolares. Objetivo. Evaluar el aporte nutricional de los almuerzos que brinda el comedor de un colegio privado de Lima Metropolitana a alumnos de nivel primaria y secundaria. Material y métodos. Durante 13 días se evaluó el menú del almuerzo brindado por el comedor, a través de 2 métodos: pesado directo de los alimentos de la ración servida y recordatorio de ingredientes incorporados como parte del aderezos, edulcorantes y alimentos molidos o muy picados/deshechos. Resultados. Los menús ofrecidos aportaron entre 428,5 y 884,9 kcal (30,7 a 39,7% de las recomendaciones diarias). El aporte promedio diario de energía de las proteínas fue entre 10,9% y 16,5%, de las grasas 24,2% y 26,6%, de los hidratos de carbono 56,3% a 60,6% y el aporte de fibra a la recomendación diaria fue entre 8,1% y 10,2%. Dentro de los micronutrientes el zinc cubrió el mayor porcentaje del EAR (31,0% a 58,5%) y el calcio el menor (5,0% a 7,4%), seguido del hierro (26,5% a 41,6%) y vitamina A (32,6% a 34,7%). En el caso del sodio encontramos que solo la sal agregada cubrió entre el 42,0% a 86,0% del requerimiento al día. La azúcar añadida cubrió entre el 29,4% a 47,0% de lo recomendado al día y en las bebidas se excedió en más del 100% de la recomendación. Conclusiones. En general, la cantidad de energía, proteínas, grasas e hidratos de carbono fue adecuada en la población estudiada, a excepción de los grupos de mayor edad que sobrepasaron las recomendaciones para energía y los de menor edad que el aporte de grasas fue menor a lo recomendado. En todos los grupos el aporte de fibra, calcio, hierro, tiamina y riboflavina fue bajo, y el de sodio fue alto. Además, la azúcar añadida fue alta en los grupos de menor edad.Introduction. The nutritional status of schoolchildren depends not only on what they consume at home, but on what they consume in schools. School canteens are spaces to encourage healthy eating habits and provide a nutritious and balanced diet for the optimal growth and physical and mental development of children and adolescents. In recent years there has been increased interest in evaluating the nutritional composition of lunches provided by school canteens and in Peru there is little information regarding the nutritional assessment of rations offered in school canteens. Objective. To evaluate the nutritional contribution of the school lunch offered to students of primary, secondary and personal in one school in Lima Metropolitana. Material and methods. For 13 days the lunch menu provided by the school was evaluated, through 2 methods: weighed records of offered lunch and record of other ingredients. Results. The menus contributed between 428,5 and 884,9 kcal (30,7% to 39,7% of the daily recommendations). The average daily energy intake of the proteins was between 10,9% and 16,5%, from fats 24,2% and 26,6%, from carbohydrates 56,3% to 60,6% and the contribution of fiber to daily recommendation was between 8,1% and 10,2%. Within the micronutrients, zinc covered the highest percentage of EAR (31,0% to 58,5%) and calcium the lowest (5,0% to 7,4%), followed by iron (26,5% to 41,6%) and vitamin A (32,6% to 34,7). In the case of sodium, we found that only the added salt covered between 42,0% and 86,0% of the requirement per day. The added sugar covered between 29,4% to 47,0% of the daily recommended, and in the beverage, was over 100,0% of the recommendation. Conclusions. In general, the amount of energy, proteins, fats and carbohydrates was adequate in studied groups, except for the older group that exceeded the recommendations for energy and the younger age group that the contribution of fats was low. In all groups, the content of fiber, calcium, iron, thiamin and riboflavin was low, and sodium was high. In addition, the amount of added sugar was high in the younger age groups.Tesi