Annotated world bibliography of host fruits of Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) infests fruits and vegetables of a number of different plant species, with host plants primarily found in the plant families Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Although B. latifrons is of primarily Asian distribution (e.g., Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, China [Fujian, Yunnan, Hong Kong, Hainan], Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Brunei), its range has expanded through introductions into Hawaii, Okinawa, Tanzania, and Kenya, and poses a threat of introduction into other countries where it does not presently occur. As with other tephritid fruit fly species, establishment of B. latifrons can have significant economic consequences, including damage and loss of food production, as well as requirements for implementation of costly quarantine treatments to permit export of commodities susceptible to infestation by B. latifrons. In order to avoid these adverse economic consequences, one needs to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of B. latifrons into a new habitat. To successfully achieve this, an accurate knowledge of the fly’s host plants is essential. Cognizant of this need, we prepared, and present here, a worldwide list of host plants for B. latifrons, with annotations on reported laboratory and field infestation data. Overall, a total of 59 plant species from 14 plant families are identified as hosts of B. latifrons, based on reported field infestation data

Effect of Fruit Screening Method on Estimating Number of Oriental Fruit Flies, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Host Fruit

The effect of fruit screening method on estimations of the numbers of oriental fruit fly. Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), in host fruit was studied, using papaya (Carica papaya L, variety Kapoho Solo) as the test fruit. In this paper, "fruit screening method" is defined as a collective method of sifting fruits and rearing medium for larvae and pupae of fruit flies, rearing the recovered immature stages to adults, and recovering the emerged fruit fly and parasitoid adults. Six calculation methods were used to estimate fruit fly numbers. Each method simulated a different fruit screening method. Data showed that estimates of numbers of fruit flies in host fruit varied significantly with the fruit screening method (or with the method of calculating the number of flies in infested fruit). This report recommends that fruit screening methods be carefully evaluated against the objectives of the study being conducted, and the proposed application of the data being gathered

Ecology of Bactrocera latifrons Populations in Hawaii

The paper summarizes information on host plants of the fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons and describes some ecological attributes of this fly's populations in Hawaii

Population Parameters of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) Reared on Eggs of Natural and Factitious Prey

The biology of Cyrtorhinus lividipennis was studied on its natural prey, Peregrinus maidis, and a factitious prey, Ceratitis capitata. The body dimensions of the predators fed on these two types of prey were equal. The duration of egg and nymphal instars were not significantly different; however, the longevity of adults fed on natural prey was much longer than those fed on the factitious prey. The fecundity of C. lividipennis on P. maidis and C capitata were identical. The predator had equal rates of increase when reared on the natural and factitious prey. Therefore, P. maidis and C capitata were equally suitable as prey of C. lividipennis, suggesting that C. capitata could be used as the prey in the mass rearing of C. lividipennis

Annotated World Bibliography of Host Fruits of \u3ci\u3eBactrocera latifrons\u3c/i\u3e (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae) infests fruits and vegetables of a number of different plant species, with host plants primarily found in the plant families Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae. Although B. latifrons is of primarily Asian distribution (e.g., Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Burma, China [Fujian, Yunnan, Hong Kong, Hainan], Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore, Taiwan, and Brunei), its range has expanded through introductions into Hawaii, Okinawa, Tanzania, and Kenya, and poses a threat of introduction into other countries where it does not presently occur. As with other tephritid fruit fly species, establishment of B. latifrons can have significant economic consequences, including damage and loss of food production, as well as requirements for implementation of costly quarantine treatments to permit export of commodities susceptible to infestation by B. latifrons. In order to avoid these adverse economic consequences, one needs to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of B. latifrons into a new habitat. To successfully achieve this, an accurate knowledge of the fly’s host plants is essential. Cognizant of this need, we prepared, and present here, a worldwide list of host plants for B. latifrons, with annotations on reported laboratory and field infestation data. Overall, a total of 59 plant species from 14 plant families are identified as hosts of B. latifrons, based on reported field infestation data

Distribution and Host Utilization of Bactrocera latifrons (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Island of Kauai, Hawaii

A survey was made on the island of Kauai using hydrolyzed protein traps, fruit traps and monthly fruit collections to determine the distribution, abundance, and host preferences of Bactrocera latifrons Hendel. No B. latifrons were found in protein bait traps that caught B. dorsalis Hendel, B. cucurbitae Coquillet, and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Fruit traps baited with eggplant, Solanum melongena L., and zucchini squash, Cucumis melo L., were used for the first time to detect B. latifrons. B. latifrons was found for the first time on Kauai infesting tomato, Lycopersicum esculentum Miller. In addition to tomato, the fly was found infesting home garden eggplant and pepper, S. nigrum L. B. latifrons was found jointly infesting fruit collections of eggplant, and tomato with B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae, and pepper with B. dorsalis. Also, for the first time in Kauai, B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae were recovered from lei kikania, S. aculeatissimum Jacq. Distribution of the fly was confined primarily to the arid west side of Kauai in low numbers in the towns of Kekaha, Waimea, and Hanapepe. Fruit collections were the most sensitive and reliable indicators of B. latifrons occurrence and host utilization. Niche biology and ecology of B. latifrons is discussed in relation to distribution, habitat and host sharing between species of tephritid fruit flies

Patterns in Appearance and Fruit Host Utilization of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) on the Kalaupapa Peninsula, Molokai, Hawaii

Distribution and population characteristics of tephritid flies, namely, solanaceous fruit fly, Bactrocera latifrons Hendel, oriental fruit fly, B. dorsalis (Hendel), melon fly, B. cucurbitae (Coquillet), and Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were monitored with male lure traps on Kalaupapa peninsula on the island of Molokai. Likewise, fruits were inventoried and sampled to augment trap data and generate information on the spatial patterns of fruiting phenology and fruit utilization among fruit flies. In 1991–1992 and 1995, trap catches indicated that B. dorsalis and B. cucurbitae had similar seasonal population trends and were caught in highest density in residential and wild guava areas. However, the mean catch/trap/day for B. dorsalis (654 ± 493.73) was ca. 40-fold higher than B. cucurbitae (31.4 ± 15.28). Only 1 C. capitata was caught in a coffee tree, Coffea arabica L., in Kalaupapa Settlement on December 12, 1995. Although, B. latifrons was never caught in male lure traps baited with latilure, fly presence was detected in fruit collections. For the first time in Kalaupapa settlement, we report infestations of B. latifrons in sodom apple, Solanum sodomeum L., lei kikania, S. aculeatissium Jacq., cherry tomato, Lycopersicum esculeatissium Miller and coffee, Coffea arabica L. Fruit sampling proved to be a sensitive tool to survey for fruit flies, particularly, B. latifrons, as well as a reliable indicator to characterize fruit host sharing among the four fruit fly species. Niche biology and ecology of B. latifrons is discussed in relation to other tephritid fruit flies on the Kalaupapa peninsula

Survey of Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett (Diptera: Tephritidae) Infestations in the Cultivated and Weedy Forms of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae)

Melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae Coquillett, infestation surveys in bitter melons in Hawaii have been reported from Momordica sp., Momordica charantia L., and Momordica balsamina L. in the Hawaiian entomological literature. However, recent taxonomic studies show that M. Balsamina does not occur in Hawaii; the Hawaiian species is M. charantia. Because of apparent confusion and error in the identity of bitter melons in the Hawaiian literature, we searched for a database which included collections of both the cultivated and weedy forms of M. charantia. The USDA-ARS Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Research Laboratory's data base, archived in Hilo, Hawaii, met this requirement and therefore was used to compare the relative infestation rates of the cultivated and weedy forms of M. charantia by melon fly. Based on mean larvae per fruit, the cultivated form produced more melon flies man the weedy form; while based on mean larvae per weight of fruit, the weedy form produced more melon flies. Melon flies in both forms were more abundant at wet, lower elevations than at drier, higher elevations. The data presented here demonstrate that M. charantia serves as a melon fly host in residential, agricultural and forest ecosystems of Hawaii

Annotated World Bibliography of Host Plants of the Melon Fly, \u3ci\u3eBactrocera cucurbitae\u3c/i\u3e (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

The melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is a widespread, economically important tephritid fruit fly species. Bactrocera cucurbitae infests fruits and vegetables of a number of different plant species, with many host plants in the plant family Cucurbitaceae, but with additional hosts scattered across many other plant families. Although thought to be native to India, its distribution has spread throughout many countries in Oriental Asia, into a number of Pacific Island nations, and into Africa. The documented introductions into countries outside its native distribution show that this species could establish in other countries where it does not presently occur, particularly through the movement of infested fruit. As with other tephritid fruit fly species, establishment of B. cucurbitae can have signifi cant economic consequences, including damage and loss of food production, as well as requirements for implementation of costly quarantine treatments to permit export of commodities susceptible to infestation by B. cucurbitae and inspection of susceptible imported commodities. In order to avoid these adverse economic consequences, one needs to prevent the entry, establishment and spread of B. cucurbitae into a new habitat. To successfully achieve this, an accurate knowledge of the fly’s host plants is essential. Cognizant of this need, we prepared, and present here, a worldwide list of host plants for B. cucurbitae, with annotations on reported laboratory and field infestation data. Overall, 136 plant taxa from 62 plant genera and 30 plant families are identified as hosts of B. cucurbitae, based on reported field infestation data. The predominant family, as expected, is Cucurbitaceae, with 56 plant taxa (41.2% of all host plant taxa) in which fi eld infestation by B. cucurbitae has been documented. The family with the 2nd highest number of documented infested plant taxa is Solanaceae, for which there are published field infestation data for 20 plant taxa (14.7% of plant taxa for which there is documented field infestation). Papers that list plants as hosts of B. cucurbitae based only on laboratory data, those that list plants as a host but do not report any field infestation data, and those that report interception data add an additional 137 host plant taxa, representing a total of 80 genera and 39 plant families, 20 of which are additional plant families beyond those for which there is field infestation data. These additional species must be considered “undetermined” hosts for which additional data are needed to document actual host status. This paper is a comprehensive documentation of host plants of the melon fl y based on recorded infestations in laboratory and/or field, interceptions at ports of entry, or “listing only” associations. Host records presented here will be used in vetting and developing the official USDA list of host plants of the melon fly, which will be published by APHIS as a federal order

Annotated World Bibliography of Host Plants of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

McQuate, Grant T., Liquido, Nicanor J., Nakamichi, Kelly A. A. (2017): Annotated World Bibliography of Host Plants of the Melon Fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Insecta Mundi 2017 (527): 1-339, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.535358