Enhancing Patient Safety Through Leadership: A Comprehensive Literature Review on the Role of Head Nurses in Hospital Settings

The aim of the study is to analyse the process through which nursing management affects patient outcomes to promote a culture of safety. Patient safety has moral, ethical, and economic implications. Medical errors significantly increase healthcare costs, prolong hospital stays and lead to the need for additional treatment, accompanied by legal expenses that can impact the reputation of a healthcare institution. Therefore, patient safety in healthcare is important, and the role of management in shaping this culture and practice is central. To achieve this goal, a systematic review is conducted, including searches in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO Discovery, MedLine, EBSCO host, and ScienceDirect, from the year 2013 onwards. Additionally, manual searches are carried out in leading journals in the field. After evaluating and analysing the articles, 28 remain, focusing on four main themes: nurse engagement and patient safety climate, the impact of management style on patient outcomes, challenges in implementing safety culture in practice, and innovative practices and general management skills. Based on the results, it can be argued that a transformative nursing leadership style plays a significant role in reducing unfavourable patient outcomes. These findings emphasize the involvement of nursing leaders and the associated challenges in addition to proposing strategies for enhancing patient safety and shaping the future of nursing management in the healthcare system

An integrative systematic review of promoting patient safety within prehospital emergency medical services by paramedics : A role theory perspective

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Defining the scope of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet): a bottom-up and One Health approach

Background: Building the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance network in Veterinary medicine (EARS-Vet) was proposed to strengthen the European One Health antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance approach. Objectives: To define the combinations of animal species/production types/age categories/bacterial species/specimens/antimicrobials to be monitored in EARS-Vet. Methods: The EARS-Vet scope was defined by consensus between 26 European experts. Decisions were guided by a survey of the combinations that are relevant and feasible to monitor in diseased animals in 13 European countries (bottom-up approach). Experts also considered the One Health approach and the need for EARS-Vet to complement existing European AMR monitoring systems coordinated by the ECDC and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Results: EARS-Vet plans to monitor AMR in six animal species [cattle, swine, chickens (broilers and laying hens), turkeys, cats and dogs], for 11 bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus hyicus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Streptococcus suis). Relevant antimicrobials for their treatment were selected (e.g. tetracyclines) and complemented with antimicrobials of more specific public health interest (e.g. carbapenems). Molecular data detecting the presence of ESBLs, AmpC cephalosporinases and methicillin resistance shall be collected too. Conclusions: A preliminary EARS-Vet scope was defined, with the potential to fill important AMR monitoring gaps in the animal sector in Europe. It should be reviewed and expanded as the epidemiology of AMR changes, more countries participate and national monitoring capacities improve