Strategies to improve the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicle (MSC-EV): a promising cell-free therapy for liver disease

Liver disease has emerged as a significant worldwide health challenge due to its diverse causative factors and therapeutic complexities. The majority of liver diseases ultimately progress to end-stage liver disease and liver transplantation remains the only effective therapy with the limitations of donor organ shortage, lifelong immunosuppressants and expensive treatment costs. Numerous pre-clinical studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles released by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EV) exhibited considerable potential in treating liver diseases. Although natural MSC-EV has many potential advantages, some characteristics of MSC-EV, such as heterogeneity, uneven therapeutic effect, and rapid clearance in vivo constrain its clinical translation. In recent years, researchers have explored plenty of ways to improve the therapeutic efficacy and rotation rate of MSC-EV in the treatment of liver disease. In this review, we summarized current strategies to enhance the therapeutic potency of MSC-EV, mainly including optimization culture conditions in MSC or modifications of MSC-EV, aiming to facilitate the development and clinical application of MSC-EV in treating liver disease

Food safety analysis and management of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in edible agricultural products and kitchen

The sources and transmission routes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in edible agricultural products are analyzed. And the relationship between STEC contamination and food safety in home kitchen is discussed. The current supervision of STEC in edible agricultural products around the world is introduced. The solution and suggestion for the control of STEC in the home kitchen of China are proposed

Genomic analysis of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma identifies alcohol drinking-related mutation signature and genomic alterations

Approximately half of the world's 500,000 new oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC) cases each year occur in China. Here, we show whole-genome sequencing of DNA and RNA in 94 Chinese individuals with ESCC. We identify six mutational signatures (E1–E6), and Signature E4 is unique in ESCC linked to alcohol intake and genetic variants in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes. We discover significantly recurrent mutations in 20 protein-coding genes, 4 long non-coding RNAs and 10 untranslational regions. Functional analyses show six genes that have recurrent copy-number variants in three squamous-cell carcinomas (oesophageal, head and neck and lung) significantly promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. The most frequently affected genes by structural variation are LRP1B and TTC28. The aberrant cell cycle and PI3K-AKT pathways seem critical in ESCC. These results establish a comprehensive genomic landscape of ESCC and provide potential targets for precision treatment and prevention of the cancer

Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in global lakes:A review and meta-analysis

Lakes are an important source of freshwater, containing nearly 90% of the liquid surface fresh water worldwide. Long retention times in lakes mean pollutants from discharges slowly circulate around the lakes and may lead to high ecological risk for ecosystem and human health. In recent decades, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been regarded as emerging pollutants. The occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in global freshwater lakes are summarized to show the pollution level of antibiotics and ARGs and to identify some of the potential risks to ecosystem and human health. Fifty-seven antibiotics were reported at least once in the studied lakes. Our meta-analysis shows that sulfamethoxazole, sulfamerazine, sulfameter, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, and roxithromycin were found at high concentrations in both lake water and lake sediment. There is no significant difference in the concentration of sulfonamides in lake water from China and that from other countries worldwide; however, there was a significant difference in quinolones. Erythromycin had the lowest predicted hazardous concentration for 5% of the species (HC5) and the highest ecological risk in lakes. There was no significant difference in the concentration of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in lake water and river water. There is surprisingly limited research on the role of aquatic biota in propagation of ARGs in freshwater lakes. As an environment that is susceptible to cumulative build-up of pollutants, lakes provide an important environment to study the fate of antibiotics and transport of ARGs with a broad range of niches including bacterial community, aquatic plants and animals

Research on steel template design for supporting system of large cantilever special-shaped concrete structure

This paper analyzes the difficulties of steel template design. BIM information model was used for reference to set up a three-dimensional model. Structure safety, forming quality and construction convenience were fully considered. This paper takes Nanchang Chaoyang bridge as an example for the work of template design in each stage. By exploring the selection criteria of shaped structural steel template and establishing the corresponding calculation and design method, the implementation quality of the bridge tower was ensured. Research formed a template design system of template calculation and design. This system provided reference for other similar types of special structure template design

Impact of perceptions of bus service performance on mode choice preference

As transit service performance should be considered from the transit passengers’ perspectives, it is essential to determine passengers’ perceptions of service performance and to understand the role of these perceptions in travel decisions. As the bus market share has steadily declined, the aim of this study is to explore the impact of perceptions of bus service performance on mode choice preference to increase bus ridership. To achieve this research objective, an intention survey is conducted to obtain bus passengers’ attitudes. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis are used to measure passengers’ perceptions and to extract the main factors from the bus service attributes. Next, structural equation modeling is used to reveal how passengers’ perceptions vary by demographics and trip characteristics. Finally, multinomial logit modeling is used to explore the impact of perception factors on mode choice preference. The results of this study show that perceptions of the reliability and comfort of bus services have a more significant impact on passengers’ mode choice preference than perceptions of availability and safety do. The implications in terms of improving bus service reliability and comfort can increase bus ridership

List Edge Coloring of Planar Graphs without 6-Cycles with Two Chords

A graph G is edge-L-colorable if for a given edge assignment L = {L(e) : e ∈ E(G)}, there exists a proper edge-coloring φ of G such that φ(e) ∈ L(e) for all e ∈ E(G). If G is edge-L-colorable for every edge assignment L such that |L(e)| ≥ k for all e ∈ E(G), then G is said to be edge-k-choosable. In this paper, we prove that if G is a planar graph without 6-cycles with two chords, then G is edge-k-choosable, where k = max{7, Δ(G) + 1}, and is edge-t-choosable, where t = max{9, Δ(G)}

List Edge Coloring of Planar Graphs without 6-Cycles with Two Chords

A graph G is edge-L-colorable if for a given edge assignment L = {L(e) : e ∈ E(G)}, there exists a proper edge-coloring φ of G such that φ(e) ∈ L(e) for all e ∈ E(G). If G is edge-L-colorable for every edge assignment L such that |L(e)| ≥ k for all e ∈ E(G), then G is said to be edge-k-choosable. In this paper, we prove that if G is a planar graph without 6-cycles with two chords, then G is edge-k-choosable, where k = max{7, Δ(G) + 1}, and is edge-t-choosable, where t = max{9, Δ(G)}