32 research outputs found
Particle filtering in high-dimensional chaotic systems
We present an efficient particle filtering algorithm for multiscale systems,
that is adapted for simple atmospheric dynamics models which are inherently
chaotic. Particle filters represent the posterior conditional distribution of
the state variables by a collection of particles, which evolves and adapts
recursively as new information becomes available. The difference between the
estimated state and the true state of the system constitutes the error in
specifying or forecasting the state, which is amplified in chaotic systems that
have a number of positive Lyapunov exponents. The purpose of the present paper
is to show that the homogenization method developed in Imkeller et al. (2011),
which is applicable to high dimensional multi-scale filtering problems, along
with important sampling and control methods can be used as a basic and flexible
tool for the construction of the proposal density inherent in particle
filtering. Finally, we apply the general homogenized particle filtering
algorithm developed here to the Lorenz'96 atmospheric model that mimics
mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics with microscopic convective processes.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figure
Low Complexity Regularization of Linear Inverse Problems
Inverse problems and regularization theory is a central theme in contemporary
signal processing, where the goal is to reconstruct an unknown signal from
partial indirect, and possibly noisy, measurements of it. A now standard method
for recovering the unknown signal is to solve a convex optimization problem
that enforces some prior knowledge about its structure. This has proved
efficient in many problems routinely encountered in imaging sciences,
statistics and machine learning. This chapter delivers a review of recent
advances in the field where the regularization prior promotes solutions
conforming to some notion of simplicity/low-complexity. These priors encompass
as popular examples sparsity and group sparsity (to capture the compressibility
of natural signals and images), total variation and analysis sparsity (to
promote piecewise regularity), and low-rank (as natural extension of sparsity
to matrix-valued data). Our aim is to provide a unified treatment of all these
regularizations under a single umbrella, namely the theory of partial
smoothness. This framework is very general and accommodates all low-complexity
regularizers just mentioned, as well as many others. Partial smoothness turns
out to be the canonical way to encode low-dimensional models that can be linear
spaces or more general smooth manifolds. This review is intended to serve as a
one stop shop toward the understanding of the theoretical properties of the
so-regularized solutions. It covers a large spectrum including: (i) recovery
guarantees and stability to noise, both in terms of -stability and
model (manifold) identification; (ii) sensitivity analysis to perturbations of
the parameters involved (in particular the observations), with applications to
unbiased risk estimation ; (iii) convergence properties of the forward-backward
proximal splitting scheme, that is particularly well suited to solve the
corresponding large-scale regularized optimization problem
Joint multi-field T1 quantification for fast field-cycling MRI
Acknowledgment This article is based upon work from COST Action CA15209, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Oliver Maier is a Recipient of a DOC Fellowship (24966) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Medical Engineering at TU Graz. The authors would like to acknowledge the NVIDIA Corporation Hardware grant support.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
Targeting cancer stem cells by using chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells: a potential and curable approach for cancer treatment
A review of 3D first-pass, whole-heart, myocardial perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Random Vibration of a Nonlinear Autoparametric System
Summary. A noisy autoparametric system exhibiting 1:2 resonance is studied as a random perturbation of a fourdimensional Hamiltonian system. The problem involves three time scales. Nonstandard stochastic averaging technique is rigorously developed, application of which results in a lower-dimensional description of the system. Probability density of the limiting process is obtained using FEM methods. These results are validated using numerical simulation of the original equations. While the numerical simulations take several hours of computer time, FEM solutions take no more than a few minutes. The methods developed here could also be used for other auto-parametric systems such as in capsizing of ships in random seas