Distributional effects of vehicle tax in the framework of transportation externalities

Figure S2.The relationship between perivascular CD4 infiltration and 12 months follow-up DLCO (p = 0.134, r = −0.205). (PPT 43 kb

Steroid-associated hip joint collapse in bipedal emus

In this study we established a bipedal animal model of steroid-associated hip joint collapse in emus for testing potential treatment protocols to be developed for prevention of steroid-associated joint collapse in preclinical settings. Five adult male emus were treated with a steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) induction protocol using combination of pulsed lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS). Additional three emus were used as normal control. Post-induction, emu gait was observed, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed, and blood was collected for routine examination, including testing blood coagulation and lipid metabolism. Emus were sacrificed at week 24 post-induction, bilateral femora were collected for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis. Asymmetric limping gait and abnormal MRI signals were found in steroid-treated emus. SAON was found in all emus with a joint collapse incidence of 70%. The percentage of neutrophils (Neut %) and parameters on lipid metabolism significantly increased after induction. Micro-CT revealed structure deterioration of subchondral trabecular bone. Histomorphometry showed larger fat cell fraction and size, thinning of subchondral plate and cartilage layer, smaller osteoblast perimeter percentage and less blood vessels distributed at collapsed region in SAON group as compared with the normal controls. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed poor mineral matrix and more osteo-lacunae outline in the collapsed region in SAON group. The combination of pulsed LPS and MPS developed in the current study was safe and effective to induce SAON and deterioration of subchondral bone in bipedal emus with subsequent femoral head collapse, a typical clinical feature observed in patients under pulsed steroid treatment. In conclusion, bipedal emus could be used as an effective preclinical experimental model to evaluate potential treatment protocols to be developed for prevention of ON-induced hip joint collapse in patients

Relative molecular mass differential distribution curves of PMMA.

Relative molecular mass differential distribution curves of PMMA.</p

Radical <i>ipso</i>-Substitution of a Carbon–Fluorine Bond Leading to Fluoro-7-azaindolines and Fluoro-7-azaindoles

Rare examples of a synthetically useful radical <i>ipso</i>-substitution of a carbon–fluorine bond are reported, leading to highly functionalized 5,6-difluoro-7-azaindolines. An unexpected hydrogen atom translocation and fragmentation with loss of molecular nitrogen and formation of a nitrile were observed in the case of an <i>N</i>-benzyl-tetrazole derivative

Expedient Approach to Novel N‑Unprotected Bicyclic Azapyrimidine and Pyridine Structures

A direct route to novel bicyclic <i>N</i>-unprotected azapyrimidine structures including fused five-, six-, and seven-membered rings is described involving radical addition and cyclization of xanthates; this approach could be partially extended to pyridines

Evolution of transmittance with various 60Co γ irradiation doses for PMMA.

Evolution of transmittance with various 60Co γ irradiation doses for PMMA.</p

Shore hardness value of 60Co γ-irradiated PMMA impregnated with two media.

Shore hardness value of 60Co γ-irradiated PMMA impregnated with two media.</p

Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Rigid Ligands with Flexible Functional Groups

Two rigid linear ligands with alkoxy functional groups (L1 = 4,4′-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene) dipyridine; L2 = 4,4′-(2,5-diethoxy-1,4-phenylene) dipyridine) incorporating carboxyl-containing auxiliary ligands (isophthalic acid = H₂IPA; terephthalic acid = H₂TPA; biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate = H₂BPDC) have been adopted to build a series of complexes with M­(II) (M = Zn, Co, Cd) under solvothermal conditions. The formula of these complexes are {[Zn­(L1)­(IPA)]}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>), {[Zn­(L1)­(TPA)]·DMF}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>), {[Co­(L1)­(TPA)­(H₂O)₂]·2DMF}_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>), {[Cd­(L1)­(TPA)­(H₂O)₂]·2DMF}_<i>n</i> (<b>4</b>), and {[Co­(L2)­(BPDC)]·0.5H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>5</b>). Five complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry measurements. Topological analyses reveal that complex <b>2</b> is a 6-connected <b>pcu</b> net with point symbol {4¹²·6³}, while complex <b>5</b> is a 6-connected <b>rob</b> net with point symbol {4⁸·6⁸·8}, the other complexes <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> can be simplified as 4-connected <b>sql</b> nets with point symbol {4⁴.6²}. Complexes <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> are 2D layer motifs, <b>2</b> and <b>5</b> are both 2-fold interpenetrating 3D frameworks. The optical absorption spectra of <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> indicate the nature of semiconductivity. The strong fluorescence emissions and long emission lifetimes of <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>4</b> display that they are promising phosphorescent materials

Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Metal–Organic Frameworks Based on Rigid Ligands with Flexible Functional Groups

Two rigid linear ligands with alkoxy functional groups (L1 = 4,4′-(2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-phenylene) dipyridine; L2 = 4,4′-(2,5-diethoxy-1,4-phenylene) dipyridine) incorporating carboxyl-containing auxiliary ligands (isophthalic acid = H₂IPA; terephthalic acid = H₂TPA; biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate = H₂BPDC) have been adopted to build a series of complexes with M­(II) (M = Zn, Co, Cd) under solvothermal conditions. The formula of these complexes are {[Zn­(L1)­(IPA)]}_<i>n</i> (<b>1</b>), {[Zn­(L1)­(TPA)]·DMF}_<i>n</i> (<b>2</b>), {[Co­(L1)­(TPA)­(H₂O)₂]·2DMF}_<i>n</i> (<b>3</b>), {[Cd­(L1)­(TPA)­(H₂O)₂]·2DMF}_<i>n</i> (<b>4</b>), and {[Co­(L2)­(BPDC)]·0.5H₂O}_<i>n</i> (<b>5</b>). Five complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry measurements. Topological analyses reveal that complex <b>2</b> is a 6-connected <b>pcu</b> net with point symbol {4¹²·6³}, while complex <b>5</b> is a 6-connected <b>rob</b> net with point symbol {4⁸·6⁸·8}, the other complexes <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> can be simplified as 4-connected <b>sql</b> nets with point symbol {4⁴.6²}. Complexes <b>1</b>, <b>3</b>, and <b>4</b> are 2D layer motifs, <b>2</b> and <b>5</b> are both 2-fold interpenetrating 3D frameworks. The optical absorption spectra of <b>3</b> and <b>5</b> indicate the nature of semiconductivity. The strong fluorescence emissions and long emission lifetimes of <b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, and <b>4</b> display that they are promising phosphorescent materials

The change of Th subsets in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs.

<p>a. The change of Th2 cells in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs. Th2 cells mainly secreted IL-4. Monensin inhibited the secretion of newly produced cytokines in Golgi body. The positive cells in M2 which were conjugated with anti IL-4 were Th2 cells. In Fig 2.6a, the percentage of Th2 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with RSV-infected HBECs was highest among three groups. The percentage of Th2 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with normal HBECs was still higher than control. b: The change of Th17 cells in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs. Th17 cells mainly secreted IL-17. The positive cells in M2 which were conjugated with anti IL-17 were Th17 cells. In Fig 2.6b, the percentage of Th17 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with RSV-infected HBECs was highest among three groups. The percentage of Th2 cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with normal HBECs was still higher than control. c: The change of Treg cells in lymphocytes after treatment with supernatants from RSV-infected HBECs. CD25 was surface marker and Foxp3 was intracellular activating factor of regulatory T cells (Treg). The positive cells in right upper region which were conjugated with anti-CD25 and anti-Foxp3 antibodies were Treg cells. In Fig 2.6c, the percentage of Treg cells in lymphocytes co-cultured with RSV-infected HBECs was lower than the other two groups. There was no difference between control group and normal HBECs group.</p