208 research outputs found
Early stages of ramified growth in quasi-two-dimensional electrochemical deposition
I have measured the early stages of the growth of branched metal aggregates
formed by electrochemical deposition in very thin layers. The growth rate of
spatial Fourier modes is described qualitatively by the results of a linear
stability analysis [D.P. Barkey, R.H. Muller, and C.W. Tobias, J. Electrochem.
Soc. {\bf 136}, 2207 (1989)]. The maximum growth rate is proportional to
where is the current through the electrochemical cell,
the electrolyte concentration, and . Differences
between my results and the theoretical predictions suggest that
electroconvection in the electrolyte has a large influence on the instability
leading to ramified growth.Comment: REVTeX, four ps figure
Explorations, Vol. 3, No. 3
Cover: Artwork by Marcia Spencer, University of Maine art student.
Articles include: Characterization of Normal and Carcinogen Induced Neoplastic Cells of Teleost Origin, by Tim Lyden
Attitutdes and Opinions of Maine Dairy Farmers, by John Muth and James Leiby
Background: the quest for the eighteen month oyster, by Kevin Scully
The Quest for the Eighteen Month Oyster, by Kevin Scully
Measurement of Surface Tension of Kraft Black Liquor, by Jayalakshmi Jaya Krishnagopalan
From the former student, by Jayalakshmi Krishnagopalan
From the faculty advisor, by Ivar H. Stockel
Aquatic Fungal Decomposers in Two Adjacent Maine Lakes of Different Acidity, by Peter Wagner
Studies on a New Mouse Mutation, by Luanne L. Peters
Opportunities for Students: Maine Agricultural Experiment Station Research Programs, by Mark W. Anderson
Experimental Embryogenesis in Red Pine, by Judy C. Gates
The V-Notched Lobster in Maine, by Cheryl Waltz
Undernutrition in a Pediatric Population, by Paula Quatromoni
From the Advisor
Archaeology of the Central Maine Coast, by Douglas Kellogg
Marketing Strategies for Computer Consultants in Small Business, by Kimberly Dagher
Our Cover Artist
From the Advisor, by James Lineha
Pan-Cancer Analysis of lncRNA Regulation Supports Their Targeting of Cancer Genes in Each Tumor Context
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are commonly dys-regulated in tumors, but only a handful are known toplay pathophysiological roles in cancer. We inferredlncRNAs that dysregulate cancer pathways, onco-genes, and tumor suppressors (cancer genes) bymodeling their effects on the activity of transcriptionfactors, RNA-binding proteins, and microRNAs in5,185 TCGA tumors and 1,019 ENCODE assays.Our predictions included hundreds of candidateonco- and tumor-suppressor lncRNAs (cancerlncRNAs) whose somatic alterations account for thedysregulation of dozens of cancer genes and path-ways in each of 14 tumor contexts. To demonstrateproof of concept, we showed that perturbations tar-geting OIP5-AS1 (an inferred tumor suppressor) andTUG1 and WT1-AS (inferred onco-lncRNAs) dysre-gulated cancer genes and altered proliferation ofbreast and gynecologic cancer cells. Our analysis in-dicates that, although most lncRNAs are dysregu-lated in a tumor-specific manner, some, includingOIP5-AS1, TUG1, NEAT1, MEG3, and TSIX, synergis-tically dysregulate cancer pathways in multiple tumorcontexts
Pan-cancer Alterations of the MYC Oncogene and Its Proximal Network across the Cancer Genome Atlas
Although theMYConcogene has been implicated incancer, a systematic assessment of alterations ofMYC, related transcription factors, and co-regulatoryproteins, forming the proximal MYC network (PMN),across human cancers is lacking. Using computa-tional approaches, we define genomic and proteo-mic features associated with MYC and the PMNacross the 33 cancers of The Cancer Genome Atlas.Pan-cancer, 28% of all samples had at least one ofthe MYC paralogs amplified. In contrast, the MYCantagonists MGA and MNT were the most frequentlymutated or deleted members, proposing a roleas tumor suppressors.MYCalterations were mutu-ally exclusive withPIK3CA,PTEN,APC,orBRAFalterations, suggesting that MYC is a distinct onco-genic driver. Expression analysis revealed MYC-associated pathways in tumor subtypes, such asimmune response and growth factor signaling; chro-matin, translation, and DNA replication/repair wereconserved pan-cancer. This analysis reveals insightsinto MYC biology and is a reference for biomarkersand therapeutics for cancers with alterations ofMYC or the PMN
Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas
This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing
molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin
Spatial Organization and Molecular Correlation of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Using Deep Learning on Pathology Images
Beyond sample curation and basic pathologic characterization, the digitized H&E-stained images
of TCGA samples remain underutilized. To highlight this resource, we present mappings of tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) based on H&E images from 13 TCGA tumor types. These TIL
maps are derived through computational staining using a convolutional neural network trained to
classify patches of images. Affinity propagation revealed local spatial structure in TIL patterns and
correlation with overall survival. TIL map structural patterns were grouped using standard
histopathological parameters. These patterns are enriched in particular T cell subpopulations
derived from molecular measures. TIL densities and spatial structure were differentially enriched
among tumor types, immune subtypes, and tumor molecular subtypes, implying that spatial
infiltrate state could reflect particular tumor cell aberration states. Obtaining spatial lymphocytic
patterns linked to the rich genomic characterization of TCGA samples demonstrates one use for
the TCGA image archives with insights into the tumor-immune microenvironment
The Neglected Tropical Diseases of India and South Asia: Review of Their Prevalence, Distribution, and Control or Elimination
Identification of a Vitamin-D Receptor Antagonist, MeTC7, which Inhibits the Growth of Xenograft and Transgenic Tumors In Vivo
Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) mRNA is overexpressed in neuroblastoma and carcinomas of lung, pancreas, and ovaries and predicts poor prognoses. VDR antagonists may be able to inhibit tumors that overexpress VDR. However, the current antagonists are arduous to synthesize and are only partial antagonists, limiting their use. Here, we show that the VDR antagonist MeTC7 (5), which can be synthesized from 7-dehydrocholesterol (6) in two steps, inhibits VDR selectively, suppresses the viability of cancer cell-lines, and reduces the growth of the spontaneous transgenic TH-MYCN neuroblastoma and xenografts in vivo. The VDR selectivity of 5 against RXRα and PPAR-γ was confirmed, and docking studies using VDR-LBD indicated that 5 induces major changes in the binding motifs, which potentially result in VDR antagonistic effects. These data highlight the therapeutic benefits of targeting VDR for the treatment of malignancies and demonstrate the creation of selective VDR antagonists that are easy to synthesize
Tau, prions and Aβ: the triad of neurodegeneration
This article highlights the features that connect prion diseases with other cerebral amyloidoses and how these relate to neurodegeneration, with focus on tau phosphorylation. It also discusses similarities between prion disease and Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms of amyloid formation, neurotoxicity, pathways involved in triggering tau phosphorylation, links to cell cycle pathways and neuronal apoptosis. We review previous evidence of prion diseases triggering hyperphosphorylation of tau, and complement these findings with cases from our collection of genetic, sporadic and transmitted forms of prion diseases. This includes the novel finding that tau phosphorylation consistently occurs in sporadic CJD, in the absence of amyloid plaques
Measurement of the (, Ar) total hadronic cross section at the LArIAT experiment
We present the first measurement of the negative pion total hadronic cross
section on argon, which we performed at the Liquid Argon In A Testbeam (LArIAT)
experiment. All hadronic reaction channels, as well as hadronic elastic
interactions with scattering angle greater than 5~degrees are included. The
pions have a kinetic energies in the range 100-700~MeV and are produced by a
beam of charged particles impinging on a solid target at the Fermilab Test Beam
Facility. LArIAT employs a 0.24~ton active mass Liquid Argon Time Projection
Chamber (LArTPC) to measure the pion hadronic interactions. For this
measurement, LArIAT has developed the ``thin slice method", a new technique to
measure cross sections with LArTPCs. While generally higher than the
prediction, our measurement of the (,Ar) total hadronic cross section is
in agreement with the prediction of the Geant4 model when considering a model
uncertainty of 5.1\%.Comment: 15 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted by PR
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