28 research outputs found
LAPORAN INDIVIDU KEGIATAN PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN (PPL) PERIODE 18 JULI s.d 15 SEPTEMBER 2016 SMA NEGERI 2 BANGUNTAPAN
Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) merupakan suatu wadah
untuk menerapkan/mengaplikasikan ilmu yang selama ini telah dipelajari
dalam bidang keahlian maupun ilmu keguruan yang berkaitan dengan
peserta didik dalam proses belajar mengajar. Praktik pengalaman lapangan
atau praktik mengajar ini mulai dilaksanakan pada tanggal 18 Juli s.d. 15
September 2016 berlokasi di SMA N 2 Banguntapan. Dalam praktik
mengajar mahasiswa terlebih dahulu melaksanakan persiapan
pembelajaran, yaitu membuat perencanaan pembelajaran dimulai dengan
membuat rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran sampai dengan evaluasi yang
dilaksanakan. Kemudian melakukan koordinasi dan konsultasi kepada
guru pembimbing di sekolah tersebut.
Dalam bimbingan PPL, mahasiswa (penulis) mendapatkan
kesempatan untuk melaksanakan pembelajaran di kelas X IPS 1 dan X IPS
2. Kurikulum yang digunakan adalah Kurikulum 2013 (K13). Begitu pula
dengan penulisan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajarannya (RPP),
penggunaan metode pembelajaran yang diterapkan adalah dengan metode
Problem Based Learning dan Cooperative Learning. Sedangkan media
yang digunakan adalah White Board, LCD, spidol, lembar kerja dan
mengadakan tugas individu untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kemampuan
siswa dalam memahami materi yang telah disampaikan. Pada tahap
pelaksanaan, mahasiswa mengajar sebanyak 6 kali dengan alokasi masingmasing
3 jam pelajaran setiap pertemuan.
Program kegiatan PPL dapat terlaksana dengan baik dan lancar
berkat adanya bimbingan dan arahan dari guru pembimbing dan dosen
pembimbing selama praktik mengajar serta peran aktif peserta didik
selama berlangsungnya KBM. Selain itu terlaksananya program PPL ini
tidak terlepas dari dukungan dan bantuan dari pihak sekolah yang telah
memberikan keluasan kesempatan kepada para mahasiswa PPL untuk
mengembangkan potensi yang dimilikinya
Biodiversity and the Role of Microbial Resource Centres
Micro-organisms were the first forms of life on
earth and have evolved into the most ecologically,
genetically and metabolically diverse species
known. Micro-organisms belong to all three Domains
of life: The Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
as well as the Viruses. They have shaped the
evolution of the planet and continue to nurture and
sustain the environment, plants and animals on
which human society depends. While we continue
to face difficulties posed by emerging animal,
plant and human pathogens, most microorganisms
are beneficial. Exploitation of microbial
genetic diversity has been fundamental to advances
made in biodiscovery and biotechnology.
Micro-organisms are major sources of important
pharmaceutical and industrial products for worldwide
community benefits in health, agriculture and
industry. Cultures of micro-organisms have been
essential for the production of enzymes, fermentation
products and metabolites. With advances in
molecular biology, genes of micro-organisms and
whole natural communities are being exploited
and fuelling accelerated interest in biodiscovery.
The OECD is strongly promoting that biological
resource centres are essential to underpin advances
in biotechnology, the life sciences and the
bioeconomy. Microbial resource centres are more
than collections. They work within the Convention
on Biological Diversity (CBD) that was implemented
to support the conservation and utilisation
of biodiversity and recognises the principles of fair
and equitable benefit sharing. They preserve and
provide authenticated, genetically stable microbial
and cell cultures, provide access to information on
cultures and their characteristics, and undertake
identification and description of new species. In
Australia, the Council of Heads of Australian
Collections of Micro-organisms is collaborating
with the NCRIS Atlas of Living Australia project to
develop the Australian Microbial Resources
Information Network (AMRiN) integrated collections
database to provide access to information on
Australian microbial cultures for use in research,
industry, government and education
Genus II. Blastomonas. Sly and Cahill 1997, 567VP emend. Hiraishi, Kuraishi and Kawahara 2000a. 1117
Occurrence of Tannin-Protein Complex Degrading Streptococcus sp. in Feces of Various Animals
Occurrence of tannin-protein complex (T-PC) degrading Streptococcus bovis in feces of 14 species of animals was investigated using a selective medium (colistin-oxolinic acid tannin-treated brain heart infusion). Strains of T-PC degrading S. bovis, all of which fermented mannitol, occurred commonly in browsing animals (koala, ringtail possum, deer) and omnivorous animals (guinea pig, pig, brushtail possum), whereas T-PC degrading S. bovis strains occurred less frequently in grazing herbivores (cattle, sheep, horse) and carnivores (dog, cat). Furthermore koalas and ringtail possums, whose diet was almost exclusively of tannin rich eucalypt leaves, had fecal streptococcal flora dominated by T-PC degrading S. bovis (59.9% for koalas; 59.1% for ringtail possums). Such dominance was never observed in any other animals examined
Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. nov.; Gallate Degrading Organisms Formerly Assigned to Streptococcus bovis
Phenotypic charcteristics including the abilites two hydrolyze tannin and to decarboxylate gallic acid in 31 strains of S. bovis and 3 strains of S. equinus were compared with their dexoyribonucleic acid (DNA) relatedness. It was found that the strains capable of decarboxylating gallic acid all belong to a single DNA homology group which does not include either the type strain of S. bovis or the type strain of S. equinus. Thus it was concluded that the gallate degrading strains of S. bovis should be re-assigned to a new species, for which the name Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. nov. is proposed
Analysis of the phylogenetic relationships of strains of Burkholderia solanacearum, Pseudomonas syzygii, and the blood disease bacterium of banana based on 16S rRNA gene sequences
We determined nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences for 19 isolates of Burkholderia solanacearum, three isolates of the blood disease bacterium of bananas, and two isolates of Pseudomonas syzygii, the cause of Sumatra disease of cloves. The dendrogram produced by comparing all of these sequences revealed that there were two division, which corresponded to the results obtained previously in a restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (D. Cook, E. Barlow, and L. Sequeira, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 2:113-121, 1989) and a total 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis of four isolates representing four biovars of B. solanacearum (X. Li, M. Dorsch, T. Del Dot, L. I. Sly, E. Stackebrandt, and A. C. Hayward, J. Appl. Bacteriol. 74:324-329, 1993). Division 1 comprised biovars 3, 4, and 5 and an aberrant biovar 2 isolate (strain ACH0732), and division 2 included biovars 1, 2, and N2, the blood disease bacterium, and P. syzygii. Specific nucleotides at positions 458 to 460 (UUC) and 474 (A) characterized division 2, whereas in division 1 the nucleotides at these positions were ACU and U, respectively. However, strain ACH0732 had a U at position 458, as did division 2 isolates, and G instead of U at position 474. Division 2 consisted of two subdivisions: one subdivision contained two B. solanacearum isolates that originated from Indonesia, P. syzygii strains, and blood disease bacterium strains, and the other subdivision contained all of the other division 2 isolates. Within division 1, the level of 16S rDNA sequence similarity ranged from 99.8 to 100%, and within division 2, the levels of 16S rDNA sequence similarity, ranged from 99.1 to 100%. The division 1 isolates exhibited an average level of 16S rDNA sequence similarity to division 2 isolates of 99.3% (range, 99.1 to 99.5%). The occurrence of consistent polymorphisms in the 16S rDNA sequences of B. solanacearum strains, in particular unique 16S rDNA sequence differences in aberrant biovar 2 isolate ACH0732, and the occurrence of the Indonesian subdivision of division 2 suggest that this group is a rapidly evolving (tachytelic) group