Edible Film from Jack Bean Flour for Use as an Antioxidative Packaging Incorporating Extract of Green Tea

Addition of green tea’s extract in edible film’s matrix will improve film’s functionality. The film will has antioxidant properties and can protect food from rancidity and discoloration. In this research film based component was jack bean flour which has high content of carbohydrate and protein. The film had good mechanical and physical characters. The aim of this research was studying effect of green tea’s extract addition on phenolic, tannin concentration and antioxidant  activity of edible film. Extract of green tea was prepared with variation of temperature (28oC, 50oC and 100oC). The result showed that increasing of extraction temperature would increase phenolic content, tannin concentration and antioxidant  activity. When green tea extracted at 100oC phenolic concentration was 144.179 mg/g, tannin  was 50.345 mg/g and antioksidant activity was 58.8% (DPPH inhibition). After the extract was incorporated in to edible film, total phenolic concentration of film was 113.544 mg/g, tannin was 41.842 mg/g and antioxidant activity was 45.22%. Edible film with green tea addition, showed ability in inhibiting rancidity of peanut oil whereas peroxide value and TBA (Thio Barbituric Acid) number of peanut oil was 11.5 meq O2/kg and 0.13 ml/g after edible film immersion in 5 days. Peroxide value and TBA number of peanut oil without edible film immersion was 20.3 meq O2/kg and 0.32 ml/g

AKTIVITAS AIR, KURVA SORPSI ISOTHERMIS SERTA PERKIRAAN UMUR SIMPAN FLAKE UBI KAYU DENGAN VARIASI PENAMBAHAN KORO PEDANG

The aim of our study determined water activity value, moisture sorption isotherm characteristic and predicted shelf life of cassava flake with variation of jack bean addition. The purpose of jack bean addition in to the flake to increase protein content. The result showed that water activity content of flake with 30% jack bean addition was 0,21±0,0034; 25% addition was 0,29±0,0027 and 20% addition was 0,21±0,0041. The moisture sorption isotherm characteristic of the flake was adsorption type (type II). Oswin equation can be used to predict the moisture content of flake related with relative humidity of environment that suitable with sorption isotherm curve. Flake with 25% jack bean addition packed in HDPE, stored in 85% relatie humidity room had highest selft life, that was 284 days. The lowest shelf life was flake with 25% and 20% addition packed in LDPE, stored in 95% relative humidity. The value of the shelf life was 21 days Keyword: packaging, moisture sorption isotherm, shelf life, water activity, cassava flake, jack bea

APLIKASI VARIASI SUKROSA DAN PERBANDINGAN GELATIN-KARAGENAN PADA PERMEN JELI KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea canephora P.)

Robusta coffee is widely cultivated in Indonesia, and it is often processed into ground coffee. In this study, coffee jelly candy was made for product diversification of coffee. In this case, gel forming agents and sugar are needed to build jelly candy texture, aroma, and taste. The aim of this research was to study the characteristics of coffee jelly candy as affected by sucrose concentration and the ratio of carrageenan to gelatin. A completely randomized design using two factors (sucrose concentration of 40% and 60%; and gelatin to carrageenan ratio of 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25 w/w) was employed. The result showed that sucrose concentrations and gelatin to carrageenan ratio significantly (α > 5%) affected texture, color, moisture content, ash content, and organoleptic parameters (preference towards color, texture, taste, and overall). However, sucrose concentration and the ratio of gelatin to carrageenan not significantly (α < 0,05%) affect antioxidant activity and polyphenol concentration. The effectiveness test showed that coffee jelly candy with 40% sucrose concentration and the ratio of gelatin:carrageenan 50:50 had the highest score with L (lightness) value of 46.79, hardness of 54.53 g/mm, moisture content of 19.26%, ash content of 1.36%, antioxidant activity of 26.63%, total polyphenol of 0.46 mg GAE/mL, preference towards color of 5.60 (rather like), preferences towards aroma of 5.83 (rather like), preferences towards taste of 5.10 (rather like), preferences towards texture of 5.13 (rather like), and overall preference of 5.57 (rather like). Keywords: carrageenan, gelatin, jelly candy, organoleptic, robusta, sucros

SIFAT FISIK DAN ORGANOLEPTIK BERAS TIRUAN DARI MOCAF DAN TEPUNG JAGUNG DENGAN TEPUNG KETAN SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGIKAT

Indonesian is the greatest consumer of rice in the world. Their dependence on rice would bother national food security. The availability of artificial rice made from local materials is expected to overcome food security problem. Cassava and corn flour with glutinous rice flour addition as binding agent expected could produce good properties of artificial rice. This research used Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF) to replace cassava flour. The experiment divided two levels and every level used factorial design with one factor. There were two levels which glutinous rice flour addition was factor in the first level and MOCAF and corn flour composition was factor in the second level. The best values of physical characteristic in the first level are 0% of glutinous rice flour addition with swelling power 94,16%, rehydrating power 73,73%, lightness 84,59, and chrome 28,14, also 20% of glutinous rice flour addition with dispersed material value 5,60%. Whereas, the best sensory evaluation is 0% of glutinous rice flour with whole hedonic score 4,02. The glutinous rice flour addition would reduce the presentage of dispersed material and reduce score of sensory evaluation. In the second level, the best values of swelling power is 118,57%at 40% of MOCAF, dispersed material is 3,60%at 100% of MOCAF. Whereas the best value of rehydrating power is 77,43% at 0% of MOCAF, lightness 87,16%, and chrome 27,24. The best value of sensory evaluation is 0% of MOCAF with score 4,68. Increasing of MOCAF would reduce dispersed material and reduce score of sensory evaluation.Keywords: artificial rice,starch gelatinyzation, mocaf, glutinous rice flou

Penggunaan Ekstrak Kasar Polisakarida Larut Air dari Biji Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) pada Pembuatan Saos Tomat

Tomato sauce is one of the diversification of tomato products that could increase the added value and shelf life of tomatoes. Sauce made from tomato has a high water content (94 %) resulting a watery sauce product. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of crude extract Water Soluble Polysaccharide (WSP) from durian seeds on physical, chemical, and organoleptic as characteristics oftomato sauce. The use of crude extract WSP from durian seeds is expected to increase the viscosity of the sauce. The experimental design used in this study was a non factorial randomized complete block design with three replications. Parameters measured were viscosity, color (Hue and Chroma), total dissolved solids, pH, vitamin C, and organoleptic (panelist preferences) in addition to the effectiveness test to determine the best treatment. The results show that the tomato sauce composition significantly affect the viscosity, pH, color intensity, and total dissolved solids, while no significant effect on the angle of color and vitamin C of tomato sauce. The effectiveness test showed that the panelists preferred the P4 tomato sauce (use crude extract WSP from seeds fruit of durian 0.8 %) with fondness value  color of 2.68; aroma of 3.08; flavor of 3.48; viscosity of 3.44; overall liking of 3.56. The value of viscosity, hue, chroma, total dissolved solids, pH, vitamin C were 39.64 centipoise; 38,34°; 20.16; 35° Brix; 4.92; and 4.95 mg/g, respectively. ABSTRAKSaos tomat merupakan salah satu diversifikasi produk olahan buah tomat yang dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah dan umur simpan buah tomat. Saos yang berbahan dasar tomat, memiliki kandungan air yang tinggi (94 %) sehingga menghasilkan saos yang encer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak kasar Polisakarida Larut Air (PLA) dari biji buah durian terhadap sifat fisiko kimia dan organoleptik saos tomat. Penggunaan ekstrak kasar PLA dari biji buah durian diharapkan dapat meningkatkan viskositas saos tomat. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktor tunggal dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah viskositas, warna (Hue dan Chroma), total padatan terlarut, pH, kadar vitamin C, dan uji organoleptik (kesukaan panelis) yang dilanjut dengan uji efektivitas untuk menentukan perlakuan terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi saos tomat berpengaruh nyata terhadap viskositas, pH, intensitas warna, dan total padatan terlarut, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap sudut warna dan kadar vitamin C saos tomat. Uji efektivitas menunjukkan bahwa saos tomat yang disukai panelis adalah perlakuan P4 (penggunaan ekstrak kasar PLA dari biji buah durian sebesar 0,8 %) dengan nilai kesukaan warna sebesar 2,68; kesukaan aroma sebesar 3,08; kesukaan rasa sebesar 3,48; kesukaan kekentalan sebesar 3,44; kesukaan keseluruhan sebesar 3,56, dan nilai viskositas, hue, chroma, total padatan terlarut, pH, vitamin C berturut-turut adalah 39,64 centipoise; 38,34°; 20,16; 35° Brix; 4,92; dan 4,95 mg/g

PENGARUH PROSES PENGADUKAN TERHADAP KARAKTER ADONAN DAN SIFAT BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC YANG DIBUAT DARI BUNGKIL BIJI JARAK PAGAR

Manufacture of biodegradable plastics in this study begins with making the dough using a single screw extruder, then the dough is molded by using a compression molding machine. The basic material used is a mixture of jatropha seed meal, corn starch, CMC (composition 7: 2: 1). This study aimed to study the effect of Helic corner and screw compression ratio of the batter character and biodegradable plastic produced. Helic screw angle was varied from 2,5o; 5o; 7.5 ° and screw compression ratio varied from 1.5; 2.5; 3.5. The results showed an increase in the angle of screw Helic simplify the process of molding (lowering the value of Tg, Tm, ΔH and texture of the dough) and to improve the mechanical physical properties of the biodegradable plastic produced (tensile strength, strain increases while the thickness and Water Vapor transmition rate decreases). Improved compression ratio increase and decrease the thermal properties of dough texture and increase the tensile strength and strain, decrease the thickness and Water Vapor transmition rate of biodegradable plastic produced. Keyword: biodegradable plastic, mold, helical degree, compression rati

SIFAT FISIK DAN ORGANOLEPTIK BERAS TIRUAN YANG DIBUAT DENGAN VARIASI LAMA PENGADUKAN DAN WAKTU AGING

Making artificial rice is an important step in the framework of the national food security program. Study is divided into two parts, where Research I was varying the time of stirring and Research II was studying aging time. Stirring and aging should be studied because it affects the pragelatinisation process. The results showed that the time of stirring on artificial rice significantly affect rehydration power, dispersed material, and swelling power. While the aging time effect on the brightness, power rehydration, dispersed material, and swelling power. In organoleptic parameters, stirring has no effect on the value, preverences of color, flavor, aroma, appearance, and overall. While the aging time affects the value appearance and overall. Artificial rice which has the most excellent consumer acceptance is that the long treatment of 20 minutes stirring and 3 days aging time. Artificial rice stirring at 20-minute treatment has a brightness value of 52,8; 141,2% power rehydration; dispersed material 4,1%; and swelling power 244,2%. While artificial rice with 3 days aging treatment has the lightness value of 50,9; power rehydration 78,9%; 13,6% dispersed material; 234,3% swelling power.Keywords: artificial rice, MOCAF, pragelatinisation, consumer acceptanc

Physical Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Plastics from Cassava Starch with Variation of Bagasse and Glycerol.

Environmental problems are related to plastic waste that difficult to degrade naturally. Polysaccharides in the form of gelatinized cassava starch and bagasse containing 52.70% cellulose can replace commercial plastic polymers. This research was aimed to determine the effect of variations in bagasse and glycerol on physical, mechanical and biodegradation tests. The study used 2 factors CRD consisting of the addition of bagasse and glycerol. The results showed that the addition of bagasse and glycerol reducing the brightness with a value range of 44.82-76.15 and increased absorption between 2.61-10.64%. The thickness occurred between 0.79-1.11mm. The tensile strength values are 8.30-14.33 MPa, inversely proportional to the elongation value between 11.85-94.22%, but directly proportional to the modulus young value between 0.09-1.24 MPa. The highest biodegradation values were 0% bagasse and 40% glycerol. The three best treatments were found in the combination treatment of bagasse and glycerol 0% 20%, 0% 30%, and 0% 40%

STABILITAS, TOTAL POLIFENOL, DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN MIKROEMULSI EKSTRAK CASCARA (TEH KULIT KOPI) MENGGUNAKAN MINYAK KELAPA DAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT

Coffe cherry tea or cascara contained the compound of polyphenol class such as tannin, flavanol, flavan-3-ol, hydrazine acid, antosianin. The compound is very sensitive to oxygen and light because it is easily oxidized. Microemulsions can control both the active ingredient and can protect the active component from undesirable oxidation. Mikoemulsions is composed of water, oil, and food surfactant. Vegetable oil sources that can be applied in microemulsion are coconut oil and palm oil. The addition of cascara extract to microemulsion is expected to provide functional value of microemultion. However, the addition of cascara extract in microemulsion formulation affected the stability of microemulsion system. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of oil and cascara to stability of microemulsion, content of polyphenol and the antioxidant activity of microemulsion. The result showed that the kinds of oil variation given significantly effect for the microemulsion stability. The palm oil resulted the higher absorbance than coconut oil. The concentration of cascara extract had significantly effect for the microemulsion stability. The variation of cascara extract increased the absorbance value and significantly effect to the polyphenol total and antioxidant activity. Keywords: cascara, coconut oil, lecithin, microemultion, palm oil, tween 8

PENERAPAN BISNIS MODEL KANVAS DALAM PENENTUAN RENCANA MANAJEMEN USAHA KEDELAI EDAMAME GORENG

Business model canvas (BMC) is a strategic management and lean start-up template for developing new or documenting existing business models. It is a visual chart with elements describing a firm's or product's value proposition, infrastructure, customers, and finances. It assists firms in their aligning activities by illustrating potential trade-offs. Business model canvas focuses on the idea of creating value in a business. The purpose of implementation of BMC was to determined the best business planning of fried edamame, when it applied to the industry or MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises). The method in the research used descriptive method, while the data analysis used qualitative analysis. Primary data collection was obtained from interviews.  Analysis was done by compiling the initial hypothesis, hypothesis testing and verification of business model canvas (BMC). The results showed that the business model strategy for fried edamame products in the value proposition component were crispy, natural, labeled and applied good cooking oil for use. The customer segment component were the buyers of the entire Jember Regency including men and women over 20 years old with middle income. Components of revenue streams were fried edamame product sales, sale of unused oil, and sale of edamame peel to farmers, while the component channels were direct selling and retailers for fried edamame product. Keywords: business model, fried edamame, strategy, value propositio