Zero % long term biliary stricture in microscopic reconstruction (MBR) of Hepatico-Jejunal Biliary Roux en Y choice of biliary drainage of adult liver transplant

BackgroundRoutine use of (MBR) by Roux en Y in adult Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT) has not been elucidated. The usual choice of enteric drainage got expected morbidities of biliary enteric anastomosis. Patients of liver transplant clinical differences are compared. Choices, current status, efficacy, application, short and long term outcome of biliary reconstruction by (MBR) roux en Y anastomosis in adult liver transplant was compared to Conventional roux en y.AimThe primary aim of the study is to clarify the influence to the diseased liver recipient duct to the future graft biliary drainage.MethodsStudy of consecutive liver transplant patients was retrieved. Total Number of 1234 OLT, By the End of July 2014. Group A 16 patients of Conventional Period up to 22 March, 2006. Group B 50 patients of (MBR) up to 31 JULY 2014.ResultsIn group A 8/16 got short and long term complication. However, in group B only 4/50 got short term problems, with no death.ConclusionIn Spite of the drawback of adult OLT roux en Y hepatico-jejunal anastomosis including anatomical challenges and graft position, we developed graft survival in adults liver transplant with widened application of (MBR).There is accessible and durable intact biliary drainage choice by (MBR) hepatica enteric anastomosis for adults OLT patients that can be encouraged and advised by microscopic surgery

Investigation of the Protective Effects of Taurine against Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Retinal Changes via Electroretinogram and Retinal Histology with New Zealand White Rabbits

The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective role of orally administered taurine against diabetic retinal changes via electroretinogram (ERG) and retinal histology on rabbits. Rabbits were randomly assigned into groups: Group I (vehicle administration only); Group II (diabetes: induced by 100 mg/kg alloxan injection); Group III (diabetes and fed with 200 mg/kg taurine); and Group IV (diabetes and fed with 400 mg/kg taurine). The body weight and blood glucose levels of the rabbits were monitored weekly. The ERG was measured on weeks 5 and 15. Retinal histology was analyzed in the end of the experiment. Results revealed that a taurine supplement significantly ameliorates the alloxan-induced hyperglycemia and protects the retina from electrophysiological changes. Group II showed a significant (P<0.05) change in the mean scotopic b-wave amplitude when compared to that of Group I, whereas the diabetic rabbits treated with taurine (Group III and IV) were analogous to Group I. Histologically, the amount of Bipolar and Müller cells showed no difference (P>0.05) between all groups and when compared with those of Group I. Our study provides solid evidences that taurine possesses an antidiabetic activity, reduced loss of body weight, and less electrophysiological changes of the diabetic retina

Purification and Characterization of Hemagglutinating Proteins from Poker-Chip Venus (Meretrix lusoria) and Corbicula Clam (Corbicula fluminea)

Hemagglutinating proteins (HAPs) were purified from Poker-chip Venus (Meretrix lusoria) and Corbicula clam (Corbicula fluminea) using gel-filtration chromatography on a Sephacryl S-300 column. The molecular weights of the HAPs obtained from Poker-chip Venus and Corbicula clam were 358 kDa and 380 kDa, respectively. Purified HAP from Poker-chip Venus yielded two subunits with molecular weights of 26 kDa and 29 kDa. However, only one HAP subunit was purified from Corbicula clam, and its molecular weight was 32 kDa. The two Poker-chip Venus HAPs possessed hemagglutinating ability (HAA) for erythrocytes of some vertebrate animal species, especially tilapia. Moreover, HAA of the HAP purified from Poker-chip Venus was higher than that of the HAP of Corbicula clam. Furthermore, Poker-chip Venus HAPs possessed better HAA at a pH higher than 7.0. When the temperature was at 4°C–10°C or the salinity was less than 0.5‰, the two Poker-chip Venus HAPs possessed better HAA compared with that of Corbicula clam

Association of anticardiolipin, antiphosphatidylserine, anti-β2 glycoprotein I, and antiphosphatidylcholine autoantibodies with canine immune thrombocytopenia

β2GPI expression and identification. (PDF 159 kb

Studies on advanced techniques for ophthalmologic diseases in veterinary medicine

本研究之主要目的為針對小動物臨床上最常見的幾種眼科疾病，就其診斷與治療技術作進一步的研究和探討。其中包括使用自製自體血清眼藥水於治療角膜上皮缺損的效果評估；臨床檢查眼壓最常使用的眼壓筆（Tonopen）的準確度與經驗的關係研究；以及使用不同鎮靜或麻醉藥物對於短程視網膜電圖的波形所產生的影響之探討。本研究結果能提供現今小動物眼科臨床醫學先進之參考價值。 首先嘗試應用自體血清來評估促進角膜上皮缺損癒合的效果中以18隻年輕紐西蘭白兔，36個眼球為實驗對象。結果顯示50%血清組於6-56小時的角膜缺損面積皆小於對照組，但無顯著差異（p>0.05）。同時發現給予20%血清組，術後第41與48小時的完全癒合比例分別為為0%與50%；然而50%血清組，完全癒合比例則分別為33.33%與66.67%。50%自體血清點眼劑較20%對於角膜上皮癒合有較佳的效果。雖然多數時間50%血清組對於角膜上皮的癒合較之20%血清組有較好的效果，但卻多沒有顯著差異。原因推測淚液中的上皮生長因子濃度高於血清，因此設計實驗二先行摘除兔子淚腺、第三眼瞼及Harderian gland（n=12）10天後，使用相同方法製造角膜上皮缺損，而後給予50%自體血清眼藥水（n=6），對照組（n=6）不給予任何藥物。結果顯示給予自體50%血清組，術後6-48小時角膜缺損面積皆小於對照組，尤其術後第25、33、37、41、48小時，50%血清組對於角膜缺損面積有顯著性小於同時段對照組角膜缺損面積（p<0.05）。於完全癒合比例方面，給予50%血清組於術後第41與48小時的完全癒合比例分別為為83.33%與100%，其比例高過其他時段各組。同時發現使用50%自體血清組的癒合時間（42.17 ± 2.61）顯著小於對照組（52.0 ± 4.0）（p<0.01）。總結本實驗結果顯示自體血清有助於角膜上皮缺損的癒合，尤其當淚液分泌缺乏時，自體血清促進癒合的效果相對地顯著，且發現使用自製自體血清眼藥水，動物並無不適或感染之副作用，臨床上特別適用於犬罹患乾眼症和持續性上皮缺損之治療。 眼壓筆（Tonopen XL&reg;）由於其輕便、準確與方便，一直是獸醫師檢查各種不同動物眼壓最常被使用的儀器。由於其操作簡單，往往被忽略任何人檢查數值的可靠性。本實驗使用38隻同年齡，健康狀況正常並且沒有任何眼科疾病的米格魯犬，與3位曾使用眼壓筆而經驗長短不同的獸醫師進行試驗。結果獸醫師A與B所測得眼壓平均值分別為16.67±3.15mmHg與16.29±3.36mmHg，而獸醫師C所測值20.74±3.36mmHg。獸醫師A與B所測數值於統計上沒有明顯差異；而獸醫師C之數值分別與獸醫師A或B皆有顯著差異（P<0.001）。顯示眼壓筆雖然使用方便、操作簡單，但仍會因為使用者的經驗不足而產生嚴重檢查的誤差，於臨床使用仍需小心。 本實驗對象為六隻健康的混種犬使用不同麻醉劑或鎮靜劑檢視short ERG。每隻犬皆分別使用tiletamine & zolazepam和medetomidine鎮靜以及使用isoflurane全身麻醉後，進行相同流程的視網膜電圖檢查。使用tiletamine & zolazepam與medetomidine鎮靜的組別於暗適應下b波的振幅有顯著差異，而以tiletamine & zolazepam組較大。相較鎮靜與全身麻醉的視網膜電圖，可發現當全身麻醉時，於暗適應下a波和b波的振幅皆顯著較小(140 ± 42μV in tiletamine-zolazepam and 101 ± 32μV in medetomidine, p<0.01)。使用isoflurane全身麻醉ERG波振幅（光適應下a波5 ± 3μV, b波12 ± 6μV; 1分鐘暗適應b波41 ± 19μV; 5分鐘暗適應a波28 ± 15μV, b波58 ± 32μV)與tiletamine-zolazepam（光適應下a波8 ± 2μV、b波24 ± 9μV； 1分鐘暗適應b波117 ± 44μV；5分鐘暗適應a波59 ± 18μV、b波140 ± 42μV）有顯著差異。本試驗顯示以tiletamine & zolazepam鎮靜能獲得較大的視網膜電圖結果，將有助於判斷視網膜基本電流傳導功能是否存在。然而3種鎮靜麻醉劑的開始作用時間與恢復時間，以及鎮靜麻醉狀態下medetomidine與isoflurane皆會造成眼球下垂，必須以結膜吊線固定眼球才能進行ERG檢查。最終建議以tiletamine & zolazepam鎮靜做為短程視網膜電圖檢查時最好的選擇麻醉方式。The aim of this research is to focus on diagnostic and treated techniques for ophthalmologic diseases in Taiwan's small animal practice. We use autoserum eye drops for the treatment of cornea erosion, tonopen for intraocular pressure detection, and different kinds of sedatic or/and anaesthetic agents for the short protocol ERG technique. These are all mentioned in this study. Our results are able to provide very good suggestions for usage in small animal treatments. Serum and tears have similar physiological, biochemical, and nutritional properties. They have successfully been used in human ophthalmology, especially in dry eye syndrome, and persistent epithelial defect (PED). We have tried to evaluate the efficacy of autologous serum applications for corneal epithial wound healing in rabbits. Twenty rabbits (40 eyes) were used in this study. Our results reveal that the corneal defect area was not significantly different within the 3 groups. The corneal defect area in the 50% autologous serum group was significantly different from that of the control group at each time point after 6hr (p<0.05).The percentage of complete healing in the 50% autologous serum of 41 and 48 hr after debridgement were 83.33% and 100%, respectively. However, the complete healing time was not significantly different within the 3 groups. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that the autologous serum eye-drops may be appropriate for dogs with dry eye syndrome and persistent epithelial defects (PED). The Tonopen XL&reg; applanation tonometer has become a popular instrument for estimating IOP because of its reliable readings with many species. We assumed that different users might observe different readings after Tonopen XL&reg; applications. Thirty-eight Beagles were tested by three individual veterinarians having various levels of expertise. Our observation showed that intra-ocular pressure measurement, applied by Tonopen XL&reg; manipulation, was largely affected by the skillfulness of the user. Our conclusion is that proper usage of Tonopen XL&reg; requires sufficient training and knowledge. Six healthy mongrel dogs were assessed, with the owners' consent, by a convenient short ERG protocol. The amplitudes of a-wave and b-wave, as well as the implicit time of ERG under different anesthesia statuses, were recorded and analyzed. The amplitudes of ERG waves were not significantly different between the tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine groups, except in b-wave after a 5 min dark adaptation period (140 ± 42μV in tiletamine-zolazepam and 101 ± 32μV in medetomidine, p<0.01). The amplitude of ERG recorded in isoflurane (5 ± 3μV of a-wave and 12 ± 6μV of b-wave under light adaptation; 41 ± 19μV of b-wave after 1 min dark adaptation; 28 ± 15μV of a-wave and 58 ± 32μV of b-wave after 5 min dark adaptation) were significantly different from that of tiletamine-zolazepam (8 ± 2μV of a-wave and 24 ± 9μV of b-wave under light adaptation; 117 ± 44μV of b-wave after 1 min dark adaptation; 59 ± 18μV of a-wave and 140 ± 42μV of b-wave after 5 min dark adaptation), except in a-wave after 1 min dark adaptation (39 ± 13μV in tiletamine-zolazepam and 34 ± 17μV in isoflurane). General anesthesia has significantly lowered amplitudes in the dark-adapted group compared with the sedation group. We conclude that tiletamine-zolazepam is a desirable choice for the short ERG protocol in dogs.目 錄 頁次 中文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------- I 英文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------- V 目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------- VIII 表次--------------------------------------------------------------------- IX 圖次--------------------------------------------------------------------- X 壹、 緒言------------------------------------------------------------- 1 貳、 文獻探討------------------------------------------------------- 5 參、 材料與方法---------------------------------------------------- 64 肆、 結果------------------------------------------------------------- 73 伍、 討論------------------------------------------------------------- 94 陸、 參考文獻------------------------------------------------------- 116 柒、 附錄------------------------------------------------------------- 12

An Optimized Synthesis, Molecular Structure and Characterization of Benzylic Derivatives of 1,2,4-Triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione

4-Benzyl-1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione (3-benzyl-6-azauracil, 2), and 2,4-dibenzyl-1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione (1,3-dibenzyl-6-azauracil, 3) were synthesized by the reaction of 1,2,4-triazin-3,5(2H,4H)-dione (6-azauracil, 1) with benzyl bromide and potassium carbonate in dry acetone via the 18-crown-6-ether catalysis. In these reaction methods, we developed more convenient and efficient methodologies to afford compounds 2 and 3 in good yields. These compounds were characterized by 1H- and 13C-NMR, MS spectrum, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structure of 2 was verified by 2D-NMR measurements, including gHSQC and gHMBC measurements. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment indicated that compound 3, with the molecular formula C17H15N3O2, crystallized from a CH3OH/CH2Cl2 diffusion solvent system in a monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 13.7844(13), b = 8.5691(8), c = 13.0527(12) Å, β = 105.961(2)°, V = 1482.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, resulting in a density Dcalc of 1.314 g/cm3. The crystal structure of compound 3 is tightly stabilized by contact with five other molecules from the six short contacts formed by intermolecular C−O···H−Car, C−H···Car, and weakly π···π stacking interactions. The dihedral angle 31.90° is formed by the mean planes of the benzene rings of the N-2 and N-4 benzyl groups