Terlipressin May Decrease In-Hospital Mortality of Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Gastrointestinal Bleeding and Renal Dysfunction: A Retrospective Multicenter Observational Study

Acute gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) rapidly reduces effective blood volume, thereby precipitating acute kidney injury (AKI). Terlipressin, which can induce splanchnic vasoconstriction and increase renal perfusion, has been recommended for acute GIB and hepatorenal syndrome in liver cirrhosis. Thus, we hypothesized that terlipressin might be beneficial for cirrhotic patients with acute GIB and renal impairment. In this Chinese multi-center study, 1644 cirrhotic patients with acute GIB were retrospectively enrolled. AKI was defined according to the International Club of Ascites (ICA) criteria. Renal dysfunction was defined as serum creatinine (sCr) > 133 μmol/L at admission and/or any time point during hospitalization. Incidence of renal impairment and in-hospital mortality were the primary end-points. The incidence of any stage ICA-AKI, ICA-AKI stages 1B, 2, and 3, and renal dysfunction in cirrhotic patients with acute GIB was 7.1%, 1.8%, and 5.0%, respectively. The in-hospital mortality was significantly increased by renal dysfunction (14.5% vs. 2.2%, P < 0.001) and ICA-AKI stages 1B, 2, and 3 (11.1% vs. 2.8%, P = 0.011), but not any stage ICA-AKI (5.7% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.083). The in-hospital mortality was significantly decreased by terlipressin in patients with renal dysfunction (3.6% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.044), but not in those with any stage ICA-AKI (4.5% vs. 6.0%, P = 0.799) or ICA-AKI stages 1B, 2, and 3 (0.0% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.326). Renal dysfunction increased the in-hospital mortality of cirrhotic patients with acute GIB. Terlipressin might decrease the in-hospital mortality of cirrhotic patients with acute GIB and renal dysfunction. NCT03846180 ( https://clinicaltrials.gov )

Electrochemical study on effect of colloidal Au on horseradish peroxidase in polypyrrole layer at prussian blue modified electrode

1917-1922Cyclic voltammetry and current-time curve have been used to investigate the Au-colloid function on the horseradish peroxidase biosensor response. Firstly Prussian blue is deposited on the electrode, and then the polypyrrole (PPY)/HRP biosensor is constructed by electrochemical oxidization of pyrrole in the solution containing horseradish peroxidase and pyrrole. The colloidal Au is then immobilized on the electrode. Cyclic voltammograms show higher current in the presence of Au-colloid as compared to that in the absence of the colloid. The PB/PPY/HRP and PB/PPY/HRP/Au-colloid biosensors exhibit linear current-time response to hydrogen peroxide over a concentration range of 2χ10⁻⁶ M – 1.8χ10⁻⁴ M. Michaelis-Menten constants of the two biosensors are 0.63 and 0.35 mM, respectively. The dependence of current responses on applied voltage has been discussed and the mechanism has been proposed. The results show that colloidal Au enhances the current response and decreases the energy barrier of electron transfer reaction on the electrode. The interference of foreign substances has also discussed

Differentially expressed microRNAs in diapausing versus HCl-treated <i>Bombyx</i> embryos

<div><p>Differentially expressed microRNAs were detected to explore the molecular mechanisms of diapause termination. The total small RNA of diapause-destined silkworm eggs and HCl-treated eggs was extracted and then sequenced using HiSeq high-throughput method. 44 novel miRNAs were discovered. Compared to those in the diapause-destined eggs, 61 miRNAs showed significant changes in the acid-treated eggs, with 23 being up-regulated and 38 being down-regulated. The potential target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs were predicted by miRanda. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of these potential target genes revealed that they were mainly located within cells and organelles, involved in cellular and metabolic processes, and participated in protein production, processing and transportation. Two differentially expressed genes, <i>Bombyx mori SDH</i> and <i>Bmo-miR-2761-3p</i>, were further analyzed with qRT-PCR. <i>BmSDH</i> was significantly up-regulated in the HCl-treated eggs, while <i>Bmo-miR-2761-3p</i> was down-regulated. These results suggested that these two genes were well coordinated in silkworm eggs. Dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that <i>Bmo-miR-2761-3p</i> inhibited the expression of <i>BmSDH</i>.</p></div

Length distribution of sRNA.

<p>(A) Length distribution of sRNA in control eggs, (B) Length distribution of sRNA in HCl-treated eggs. Y asix represents the precentage of special sRNA in total, X axis represents length of sRNA.</p

Expressions pattern of <i>Bmo-miR-2761-3p</i> and <i>BmSDH</i> from 3 to 7 day old eggs of silkworm, <i>B</i>. <i>mori</i>.

<p>Each time point was replicated three times using independently collected samples. Error bar = 1 SD. (A) Relative <i>Bmo-miR-2761-3p</i> expression level; (B) Relative <i>BmSDH</i> expression level.</p

Venn chart for sRNA.

<p>(A) Venn chart for sRNA of total sRNA, (B) Venn chart for sRNA of unique sRNA.</p

KEGG pathways mapped based on miRNAs candidate target genes.

<p>Y axis represents KEGG pathway, X axis Rich factor represents the percentage of Candidate target genes enriched in pathway, the qvalue closer to 0 represents enriched more significant.</p

miRNAs with specific expression.

<p>miRNAs with specific expression.</p

Distribution of ncRNA.

<p>(A) ncRNA distribution of total sRNA in control eggs, (B) ncRNA distribution of unique sRNA in control eggs, (C) ncRNA distribution of total sRNA in HCl-treated eggs, (D) ncRNA distribution of unique sRNA in HCl-treated eggs.</p