A UPLC-DAD-MS method for the quality analysis of "JiangYaBiFeng" tablet

"JiangYaBiFeng" (JYBF) tablet for treatment of hypertension in China is a composite prescription of Chinese and western medicines. By using ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), twenty-five compounds were simultaneously identified or tentatively characterized based on their retention times and MS spectra. Nine target compounds, hydrochlorothiazide (HC), rutin, genistin, sophoricoside, baicalin, wogonoside, genistein, baicalein and wogonin, were further quantified by ultra high performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detector (UPLC-DAD). Chromatographic separation was successfully performed on a C18 column with gradient elution of 0.1 % formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min in 15 min at 52 °C. Different wavelengths were used to determine corresponding compounds to ensure the best resolution. According to the methodological validation, including linearity, precision, accuracy and stability, this method was proved to be rapid, comprehensive, sensitive and feasible in the quality assessment of JYBF tablet.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Uncertainty-inspired Open Set Learning for Retinal Anomaly Identification

Failure to recognize samples from the classes unseen during training is a major limit of artificial intelligence (AI) in real-world implementation of retinal anomaly classification. To resolve this obstacle, we propose an uncertainty-inspired open-set (UIOS) model which was trained with fundus images of 9 common retinal conditions. Besides the probability of each category, UIOS also calculates an uncertainty score to express its confidence. Our UIOS model with thresholding strategy achieved an F1 score of 99.55%, 97.01% and 91.91% for the internal testing set, external testing set and non-typical testing set, respectively, compared to the F1 score of 92.20%, 80.69% and 64.74% by the standard AI model. Furthermore, UIOS correctly predicted high uncertainty scores, which prompted the need for a manual check, in the datasets of rare retinal diseases, low-quality fundus images, and non-fundus images. This work provides a robust method for real-world screening of retinal anomalies

Empirical analysis about the applicability of the CAPM model and the Three-factor model in China

During the past two decades, many scholars have studied the applicability of the capital asset pricing theory in China. Thus, this topic is not that popular as before and the number of empirical tests of CAPM has declined in the past years. However, as the Chinese stock market develop rapidly these years, the efficiency of Chinese stock market changes a lot. Thus, the results of previous studies may no longer be applicable to the Chinese context. In this paper, I use the latest data to test the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Fama and French Three-Factor Model. For the test of CAPM model, I follow the method of Fama and MacBeth (1993) and conclude that the CAPM model does not perform well in my testing period. Beta is not the only determinant factor stock return. For the test of Three-factor model, I follow the analysis steps of Fama and French (1993). My result confirms the existence of size effect and book-to-market ratio effect on the stock return. Besides, the regression result implies that the Three-factor model has a better explanatory power than the CAPM model

Empirical analysis about the applicability of the CAPM model and the Three-factor model in China

During the past two decades, many scholars have studied the applicability of the capital asset pricing theory in China. Thus, this topic is not that popular as before and the number of empirical tests of CAPM has declined in the past years. However, as the Chinese stock market develop rapidly these years, the efficiency of Chinese stock market changes a lot. Thus, the results of previous studies may no longer be applicable to the Chinese context. In this paper, I use the latest data to test the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) and Fama and French Three-Factor Model. For the test of CAPM model, I follow the method of Fama and MacBeth (1993) and conclude that the CAPM model does not perform well in my testing period. Beta is not the only determinant factor stock return. For the test of Three-factor model, I follow the analysis steps of Fama and French (1993). My result confirms the existence of size effect and book-to-market ratio effect on the stock return. Besides, the regression result implies that the Three-factor model has a better explanatory power than the CAPM model

Research Trends and Hotspots of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography: A 31-Year Bibliometric Analysis

The emergence of optical coherence tomography (OCT) over the past three decades has sparked great interest in retinal research. However, a comprehensive analysis of the trends and hotspots in retinal OCT research is currently lacking. We searched the publications on retinal OCT in the Web of Science database from 1991 to 2021 and performed the co-occurrence keyword analysis and co-cited reference network using bibliometric tools. A total of 25,175 publications were included. There has been a progressive increase in the number of publications. The keyword co-occurrence network revealed five clusters of hotspots: (1) thickness measurements; (2) therapies for macular degeneration and macular edema; (3) degenerative retinal diseases; (4) OCT angiography (OCTA); and (5) vitrectomy for macular hole and epiretinal membrane. The co-citation analysis displayed 26 highly credible clusters (S = 0.9387) with a well-structured network (Q = 0.879). The major trends of research were: (1) thickness measurements; (2) therapies for macular degeneration and macular edema; and (3) OCTA. Recent emerging frontiers showed a growing interest in OCTA, vessel density, choriocapillaris, central serous chorioretinopathy, Alzheimer’s disease, and deep learning. This review summarized 31 years of retinal OCT research, shedding light on the hotspots, main themes, and emerging frontiers to assist in future research

Influence of sulfamethazine (SMT) on the adsorption of antimony by the black soil: Implication for the complexation between SMT and antimony

This paper reported when sulfamethazine (SMT) and antimony (Sb(V)) coexisted in aqueous solution at pH of 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0, the complexation between SMT and Sb(V) occurred. Such a complexation impeded the adsorption of Sb(V) on the black soil. The higher the solution pH value was, the more the amount of Sb(V) was prevented from adsorbing on the black soil. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of Sb(V) at the presence of SMT under pH of 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0was 5.28, 3.45 and 1.95 mg/g, respectively. -NH2, N-H, S = O and C-\N of pyrimidine ring carried by SMT acted as the complexation sites with Sb(V). The complexation constant K were- 3.15,-3.26 and- 3.48 at pH of 7.0, 5.0 and 3.0, respectively, indicating that the complexation strength between SMT and Sb(V) followed the order of pH 7.0 > pH 5.0 > pH 3.0. The binding energy between Sb(V) and the C-N group of pyrimidine ring was the highest (1.42 eV), and then followed by the groups of -NH (1.37 eV), S = O (0.66 eV) and -NH2 (0.39 eV). Besides S = O and C-N, Sb(V) tends to complex with N-H via coordination bond at pH of 7.0 while -NH2 via cation-p interaction at pH 3.0 and 5.0. Compared to pH of 5.0, the strength of cation-p interaction at pH of 3.0 weakened according to the molecular electrostatic potentialmap. These results demonstrated that different from the situation where Sb(V) exists in aqueous solution alone, the coexistence of SMT with Sb(V) affected the adsorption behavior of Sb(V) in soil and solution pH was also an influence factor. These findings in this paperwould be helpful for further understanding themobility, bioavailability and other environmental behavior of Sb(V) in soil when Sb(V) coexists with antibiotics even other organic compounds. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Efficient Removal of Antimony(V) from Antimony Mine Wastewater by Micrometer Zero-Valent Iron

This paper investigates the effectiveness of two commercial micron zero-valent irons (mZVIs) in removing Sb­(V) from antimony mine wastewater. The wastewater contains a range of complex components and heavy metal ions, including As­(V), which can impact the removal efficiency of mZVI. The study aims to provide insights into actual working conditions and focuses on influencing factors and standard conditions. The results demonstrate that mZVI can reduce Sb­(V) concentration in the mine wastewater from 3875.7 μg/L to below the drinking water standard of 5 μg/L within 2 h. Adding a small amount of mZVI every 30 min helps to maintain a high removal rate. The study confirms the existence of a reduction reaction by changing the atmospheric conditions of the reaction, and the addition of 1,10-phenanthroline highlights the important role of active Fe­(II) in the adsorption and removal of Sb­(V) by mZVI. Additionally, the paper presents an innovative experimental method of acid treatment followed by alkali treatment, which proves the interfacial reaction between mZVI and Sb­(V). Overall, the study demonstrates that the removal of Sb­(V) by mZVI entails a dual function of reduction and adsorption, highlighting the potential of mZVI in repairing Sb­(V) in antimony mine wastewater