Газетная коммуникация в контексте современных прагмалингвистических и когнитивных исследований

Статья из специализированного выпуска научного журнала "Культура народов Причерноморья", материалы которого объединены общей темой "Язык и Мир" и посвящены общим вопросам Языкознания и приурочены к 80-летию со дня рождения Николая Александровича Рудякова.Стаття із спеціалізованого випуску наукового журналу "Культура народов Причерноморья", матеріали якого поєднані загальною темою "Мова і Світ" і присвячені загальним питанням мовознавства і приурочені до 80-річчя з дня народження Миколи Олександровича Рудякова

Discrimination potential of otolith chemistry to distinguish two parapatric species of flounder (Platichthys) in the Baltic Sea

Baltic Sea flounder were recently split into two species, the offshore spawner Platichthys flesus and coastal spawner Platichthys solemdali. The two species can only be distinguished based on egg and sperm characteristics and via genetic analyses, which limits the species identification methods of larvae and juveniles to molecular techniques. We investigated whether otolith chemistry could be used as an additional tool to identify flounder to species level. We tested for species-specific differences in otolith multi-elemental signatures and spatial consistency of those differences for the early life stages of flounder in three areas of the central Baltic Sea (ICES SD 24-28), where the distribution of both species overlaps. Otolith chemistry signatures obtained through maternal transfer (i.e. core chemistry) and signatures that reflect the post-hatching phase were not significantly different between species. Species-specific differences at the sub-regional scale were only found for the Latvian coastal survey area for multiple elements (Ba, Cu, Mg, Pb, Sr and Zn), but were insufficiently distinct for reliable species discrimination. Geographic classification of age-0 juveniles to survey area was more successful than classification to species, which was reflected by a spatial trend in otolith Sr:Ca that followed the salinity gradient and higher Mn:Ca and I:Ca for Latvian individuals. Otolith chemistry of early life flounder from the Baltic Sea reflects spatial variability in environmental conditions but does not differentiate between the two flounder species in sympatric habitats

Crystal Structure of Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase from Bacillus anthracis

Prolyl 4-hydroxylases (P4H) catalyze the posttranslational hydroxylation of proline residues and play a role in collagen production, hypoxia response, and cell wall development. P4Hs belong to the Fe(II)/αKG oxygenases and require Fe(II), α-ketoglutarate (αKG), and O2 for activity. We report the 1.40 Å structure of a P4H from Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, whose immunodominant exosporium protein BclA contains collagen-like repeat sequences. The structure reveals the double stranded β-helix core fold characteristic of Fe(II)/αKG oxygenases. This fold positions Fe-binding and αKG-binding residues in what is expected to be catalytically-competent orientations and is consistent with proline peptide substrate binding at the active site mouth. Comparisons of the anthrax-P4H structure with Cr-P4H-1 structures reveal similarities in a peptide surface groove. However, sequence and structural comparisons suggest differences in conformation of adjacent loops may change the interaction with peptide substrates. These differences may be the basis of substantial disparity between the KM values for the Cr-P4H-1 vs. the anthrax and human P4H enzymes. Additionally, while previous structures of P4H enzymes are monomers, Bacillus anthracis P4H forms an α2 homodimer and suggests residues important for interactions between the α2 subunits of the α2β2 human collagen P4H. Thus the anthrax-P4H structure provides insight into the structure and function of the α subunit of human-P4H, which may aid in the development of selective inhibitors of the human-P4H enzyme involved in fibrotic disease

Tracking Fish Lifetime Exposure to Mercury Using Eye Lenses

Mercury (Hg) uptake in fish is affected by diet, growth, and environmental factors such as primary productivity or oxygen regimes. Traditionally, fish Hg exposure is assessed using muscle tissue or whole fish, reflecting both loss and uptake processes that result in Hg bioaccumulation over entire lifetimes. Tracking changes in Hg exposure of an individual fish chronologically throughout its lifetime can provide novel insights into the processes that affect Hg bioaccumulation. Here we use eye lenses to determine Hg uptake at an annual scale for individual fish. We assess the widely distributed benthic round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from the Baltic Sea, Lake Erie, and the St. Lawrence River. We aged layers of the eye lens using proportional relationships between otolith length at age and eye lens radius for each individual fish. Mercury concentrations were quantified using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The eye lens Hg content revealed that Hg exposure increased with age in Lake Erie and the Baltic Sea but decreased with age in the St. Lawrence River, a trend not detected using muscle tissues. This novel methodology for measuring Hg concentration over time with eye lens chronology holds promise for quantifying how global change processes like increasing hypoxia affect the exposure of fish to Hg

Investeren in competenties; een onderzoek in de Greenports

Inventarisatie van de huidige en toekomstige vraag/behoeftes aan competenties bij ondernemers, managers en werknemers in het tuinbouwcluste

Interactions of Ar(9+) and metastable Ar(8+) with a Si(100) surface at velocities near the image acceleration limit

Auger LMM spectra and preliminary model simulations of Ar(9+) and metastable Ar(8+) ions interacting with a clean monocrystalline n-doped Si(100) surface are presented. By varying the experimental parameters, several yet undiscovered spectroscopic features have been observed providing valuable hints for the development of an adequate interaction model. On our apparatus the ion beam energy can be lowered to almost mere image charge attraction. High data acquisition rates could still be maintained yielding an unprecedented statistical quality of the Auger spectra.Comment: 34 pages, 11 figures, http://pikp28.uni-muenster.de/~ducree

Tetrahedral zinc in tetrakis(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-kappa N-3)zinc bis(tetrafluoridoborate)

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