Warranted Diagnosis

A diagnostic process is an investigative process that takes a clinical picture as input and outputs a diagnosis. We propose a method for distinguishing diagnoses that are warranted from those that are not, based on the cognitive processes of which they are the outputs. Processes designed and vetted to reliably produce correct diagnoses will output what we shall call ‘warranted diagnoses’. The latter are diagnoses that should be trusted even if they later turn out to have been wrong. Our work is based on the recently developed Cognitive Process Ontology and further develops the Ontology of General Medical Science. It also has applications in fields such as intelligence, forensics, and predictive maintenance, all of which rely on vetted processes designed to secure the reliability of their outputs

Libet and Freedom in a Mind-Haunted World

Saigle, Dubljevic, and Racine (2018) claim that Libet-style experiments are insufficient to challenge that agents have free will. They support this with evidence from experimen- tal psychology that the folk concept of freedom is consis- tent with monism, that our minds are identical to our brains. However, recent literature suggests that evidence from experimental psychology is less than determinate in this regard, and that folk intuitions are too unrefined as to provide guidance on metaphysical issues like monism. In light of this, it is worthwhile to examine the authors’ insuf- ficiency claim under the assumption that monism is false and dualism true (our minds are not identical to our brains). We conclude that, were dualism true, then Libet- style experiments would tell us no more about freedom and moral responsibility than what the authors initially claimed, thus further bolstering their point that Libet-style experiments are ill-suited to speak to the free will of agents. In what follows we first discuss some of the reasons to be skeptical of using folk intuitions to make claims about the nature of freedom and moral responsibility. We then draw from the work of E. J. Lowe to demonstrate that Libet-style experiments would likely give the same results regardless of the truth of monism or dualism

Analysis of Heel Raise Exercise with Three Foot Positions

ABSTRACT Prior research revealed activation differences between the medial (MG) and lateral (LG) gastrocnemius when performing heel raise exercise with neutral (N), internally-rotated (IR) and externally-rotated (ER) foot positions. Studying underlying biomechanics may help explain activation differences. The purpose was to compare ankle (AN), knee (KN), and hip (HI) contributions (initial joint angles) to attaining each initial foot position, ankle flexion-extension range of motion, ankle mechanical energy expenditure, repetition time, and percent cycle concentric-eccentric transition between N, IR, and ER foot positions. Twenty healthy subjects (11 male, 9 female) with resistance training experience performed twelve repetitions of free-weight (135% body mass) heel raise exercise using N, IR and ER foot positions in a counterbalanced order. Forefeet were elevated .05m onto separate forceplates. Electromagnetic sensors secured along dominant lower limb recorded kinematic data. Dependent variables were averaged across five selected repetitions. No significant differences existed for repetition time (P=.209), percent cycle concentric-eccentric transition (P=.668), ankle mechanical energy expenditure (P=.590), and ankle flexion-extension range of motion (P=.129) between foot positions. Post hoc comparison of a significant joint by foot position interaction (P\u3c.001) demonstrated IR\u3eN\u3eER for the initial HI and KN angles, whereas for AN, ER\u3eIR and N. Between joints: ANA

Limbaugh, Ronald H. Oral History Interview

Professor of History, Director of Holt-Atherton Pacific Center for Western Studies, Director of the John Muir Center for Regional Studies (1966-2000). Topics include:Negotiations to obtain and make accessible the John Muir Papers.https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/esohc/1067/thumbnail.jp

1996 USCID water management conference

Presented at Competing interests in water resources - searching for consensus: proceedings from the USCID water management conference held on December 5-7, 1996 in Las Vegas, Nevada.Includes bibliographical references.Balancing the needs of the environment, endangered species, and a healthy agricultural economy within a river basin is challenging. On the Payette River in Idaho, consensus has been reached in an attempt to deal with current demands for water while protecting the reliability of irrigation water supplies. The Payette River system includes 845,000 acre feet of storage in three reservoirs, which is used to irrigate 150,000 acres of farmland and provide minimum pools for local fisheries and recreation. A Biological Opinion issued last year by the National Marine Fisheries Service protecting the listed Snake River salmon under the Endangered Species Act calls for 427,000 acre feet of Idaho water to be released annually to augment flows on the lower Snake River to benefit migrating smolts. The past few years, 145,000 acre feet from the Payette basin has been leased annually to the local water rental pool by storage contract holders for the purpose of flow augmentation under this BiOp. Renting this water creates a problem with water quality in one of the reservoirs, which has been labeled "water quality limited" by the State of Idaho under the federal clean water act. A local water quality group on the reservoir has opposed drawdowns for flow augmentation during summer months in order to protect water quality and cold water fisheries in the reservoir. Conversely, additional flows during the summer would benefit water quality on the lower Payette River, also designated "water quality limited" by the state. Flows in the river have historically been low in the summer as a result of conserving storage water for irrigation. Low flows during the summer not only aggravate problems with water quality and local fisheries on the river, they also have the same affects downstream on Snake River reservoirs. In a series of meetings, representatives of all interests on the river discussed what could be done to improve overall river health. Consensus was achieved through compromise, cooperation, and communication. It was decided to split the release; about one half of the water would be released in the summer to benefit the lower river, and the balance would be released during the winter to benefit fisheries and water quality during summer months on the reservoir

Sacrificial Attorney: Assignment of Legal Malpractice Claims, The

The Missouri Court of Appeals for the Western District of Missouri ruled, in a case of first impression, that causes of action for legal malpractice are nonassignable. The court found that permitting assignments would be contrary to public policy because assignments would create a marketplace for legal malpractice claims, jeopardize the attorney\u27s duties of loyalty and confidentiality to the client, and restrict access to competent legal services. This Note agrees with the court\u27s result but will explore and challenge the public policy arguments against assignment of legal malpractice claims