Characterization of Leishmania spp. causing cutaneous leishmaniasis in Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

In the State of Amazonas, American tegumentary leishmaniasis is endemic and presents a wide spectrum of clinical variability due to the large diversity of circulating species in the region. Isolates from patients in Manaus and its metropolitan region were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and isoenzymes belonging to four species of the parasite: Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, 73% (153/209); Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, 14% (30/209); Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, 8% (17/209); and Leishmania (Viannia) naiffii, 4% (9/209). The most prevalent species was L. (V.) guyanensis. The principal finding of this study was the important quantity of infections involving more than one parasite species, representing 14% (29/209) of the total. The findings obtained in this work regarding the parasite are further highlighted by the fact that these isolates were obtained from clinical samples collected from single lesions

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil: a critical appraisal of studies conducted in State of Pernambuco

American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a complex disease with clinical and epidemiological features that may vary from region to region. In fact, at least seven different Leishmania species, including Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, Leishmania (Viannia) guyanensis, Leishmania (Viannia) lainsoni, Leishmania (Viannia) naiffi, Leishmania (Viannia) shawi, Leishmania (Viannia) lindenbergi, and Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis, have been implicated in the etiology of ACL in Brazil, and numerous phlebotomine sandfly species of the genus Lutzomyia have been regarded as putative or proven vectors. Because ACL is a focal disease, understanding the disease dynamics at the local level is essential for the implementation of more effective control measures. The present paper is a narrative review about the ACL epidemiology in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Furthermore, the need for more effective diagnosis, treatment, control and prevention strategies for the affected populations is highlighted. This paper will provide researchers with a critical appraisal of ACL in Pernambuco. Hopefully, it will also be helpful for public health authorities to improve current control strategies against ACL at the state and country levels

Gestión de agronegocios en empresas asociativas rurales: Curso de capacitación. Organización de agroempresas y asociatividad

Módulo 2Presenta a los líderes de agroempresas y asociativas distintas opciones de formalización jurídica, así como posibles estrategias y mecanismos de relacionamiento con otras empresas similares y con diversos actores de la cadena agroproductiva en la que intervienen, reconociendo en las organizaciones sociales, gremiales y empresariales, orientaciones, objetivos e instancias operativas diferentes

Gestión de agronegocios en empresas asociativas rurales: Curso de capacitación. Sistema agroproductivo, cadenas y competitividad

Módulo 1Tiene como propósito ofrecer a los líderes de las empresas asociativas rurales una visión integral de las cadenas agroproductivas como parte de un sistema dentro del cual se articulan los componentes productivos y de servicios; reconociendo que su sostenibilidad depende de encontrar un equilibrio entre lo económico, lo social, lo ambiental y el diseño y aplicación de instrumentos de política que lo favorezcan