Effect of the presence of surfactant and ionic liquids on the esterification of oleic acid catalyzed by immobilized lipase

Ionic liquids (ILs) and surfactants are widely used in order to increase the catalytic efficiency of lipases. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the potential of different ionic liquids (C4MIM.Ac, C4MIM.HSO4, C4MIM.TF2N, C4MIM.BF4, C12MIM.I, and C12MIM.Cl), Aliquat 336 and di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT) as adjuvants in the esterification of oleic acid with different alcohols catalyzed by Novozyme 435. First of all, it evaluates the effect of alkyl chain length of the alcohol and the positioning of the hydroxyl group. The selection of additives, made with isopropyl alcohol, pointed AOT and C4MIM.Ac as adjuvants effective on the potential of esterification of the enzyme (an increase of 35% in the potential of esterification). Using methanol, ethanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol, the C4MIM.Ac was proven not to be efficient, while the AOT shows adjuvant effect in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol (increasing in catalytic efficiency of enzyme in 21%).Key words: Esterification, di-2-ethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate (AOT), Ionic Liquids, Novozyme 435

MISS BRASIL 2017: TESES E TÉCNICAS ARGUMENTATIVAS SOBRE A MULHER NEGRA EM DISCURSOS QUE CIRCULAM NA REVISTA DONNA

O presente artigo consiste em analisar as teses e as técnicas argumentativas apresentadas na construção da reportagem intitulada Por que ver uma Miss Brasil negra eleita pela segunda vez consecutiva incomoda tanta gente?. A referida reportagem, que circula no site da revista eletrônica Donna (BUCHMANN, 2017), trata da eleição de uma negra como representante da mais bela mulher do Brasil no concurso Miss Brasil 2017. Como referencial teórico, recorremos aos postulados dos estudos da argumentação retórica, apresentados no Tratado da Argumentação: a Nova Retórica (PERELMAN; OLBRECHTS-TYTECA, 2005). As nossas análises revelam que o orador defende, entre outras, a tese de que a eleição de uma mulher negra, como representação da beleza brasileira, contribui para a valorização da mulher, na medida em que sinaliza uma “quebra” nos padrões de beleza. Com o intuito de defender seus posicionamentos, na organização da reportagem, o orador se utiliza também das técnicas argumentativas apresentadas por Perelman e Olbrechts-Tyteca (2005), denominadas de argumentos quase-lógicos, argumentos baseados na estrutura do real e argumentos que fundamentam a estrutura do real.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Teses. Técnicas Argumentativas. Miss Brasil. Mulher Negra.DOI: https://doi.org/10.47295/mgren.v7i1.158

Limited effect of chronic valproic acid treatment in a mouse model of Machado-Joseph disease

Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease, caused by a CAG repeat expansion within the coding region of ATXN3 gene, and which currently lacks effective treatment. In this work we tested the therapeutic efficacy of chronic treatment with valproic acid (VPA) (200mg/kg), a compound with known neuroprotection activity, and previously shown to be effective in cell, fly and nematode models of MJD. We show that chronic VPA treatment in the CMVMJD135 mouse model had limited effects in the motor deficits of these mice, seen mostly at late stages in the motor swimming, beam walk, rotarod and spontaneous locomotor activity tests, and did not modify the ATXN3 inclusion load and astrogliosis in affected brain regions. However, VPA chronic treatment was able to increase GRP78 protein levels at 30 weeks of age, one of its known neuroprotective effects, confirming target engagement. In spite of limited results, the use of another dosage of VPA or of VPA in a combined therapy with molecules targeting other pathways, cannot be excluded as potential strategies for MJD therapeuticsPM received funding from Ataxia UK Grant (Project: Pharmacologic therapy for Machado-Joseph disease: from a C. elegans drug screen to a mouse model validation). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio