Use of Cellulosic Materials as Dye Adsorbents — A Prospective Study

Cellulose is the most abundant biopolymer of nature, and it is widely used in the synthesis of new materials as well as in the adsorption of dye. This study reports a literature review (articles) and technology review (patents) about publications and product invention, which contain information on the use of cellulose on the adsorption of dyes in the period 2004–2014. For this work, research database and keywords were used to find articles and patents related to the subject under review. Specific words were used to find articles and patents related to the subject under review. After a demanding research, 1 patent and 23 articles that contain the words “cellulose,” “dye,” and “adsorption or sorption” in their titles were assessed, and annual evolution studies were performed for publications and countries that publish more

Atributos químicos e físicos de latossolos e sua relação com os rendimentos de milho e feijão irrigados Chemical and physical attributes of oxisols and their relation with irrigated corn and common bean yields

Em sistemas de produção agrícola que utilizam a irrigação, uma das principais causas da variabilidade dos rendimentos, a disponibilidade de água para as culturas, é controlada. Nesse caso, outros fatores limitantes ao rendimento, relacionados a atributos de solo, passam a ter sua importância aumentada. Com o objetivo de investigar a variabilidade espacial dos principais atributos químicos e do rendimento de culturas, além de determinar os atributos químicos e físico-hídricos do solo em diferentes zonas de rendimento, foram analisadas duas áreas comerciais irrigadas por pivô central, com 51,8 e 58,2 ha, localizadas, respectivamente, em Trindade do Sul (TS) e Palmeira das Missões (PM), no Rio Grande do Sul (RS). As amostragens para caracterização dos atributos químicos foram georreferenciadas seguindo uma malha regular de 100 x 100 m, na camada de 0-0,10 m. Já para investigar a relação entre os atributos químicos e físico-hídricos do solo com os rendimentos obtidos, dada a extensão das áreas, três zonas com distinto potencial produtivo foram estabelecidas, utilizando os mapas de rendimento disponíveis (safras de feijão-preto de 2005/2006 e safrinha de 2006 em TS, e de milho de 2002/2003 e 2003/2004 em PM), obtidos por colhedoras equipadas com sensores de rendimento. Nessas zonas, quinze pontos amostrais foram investigados em cada área nas camadas de 0-0,05, 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. Os atributos químicos do solo foram submetidos à análise de estatística descritiva e geoestatística. Eles apresentaram dependência espacial classificada como forte e moderada, com modelo ajustado à semivariância predominantemente esférico. O P apresentou a maior variabilidade espacial e o pH a menor. Embora manejadas sob irrigação, ambas as áreas apresentaram variabilidade espacial de rendimento. Na zona de baixo rendimento de TS, foram constatadas acidez no solo, baixa saturação de bases e menor capacidade de água disponível, e na de PM foram observadas limitações físicas representadas por compactação por meio dos indicadores densidade, resistência à penetração e macroporosidade. A ocorrência de zonas com menor rendimento das culturas irrigadas nas duas áreas foi associada a limitações químicas e físicas do solo, especialmente em subsuperfície.<br>Under irrigated agriculture one of the main causes of yield variability, which is the plant-available water, is controlled. In this case, other yield limitations caused by soil attributes become more relevant. To investigate the spatial variability of soil attributes and crop yields, besides the relation between chemical and physical-hydric soil attributes and crop yields of two irrigated commercial plantations (51.8 and 58.2 ha) were studied in Trindade do Sul (TS) and Palmeira das Missões (PM) respectively, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The soil was sampled from a regular grid of 100 x 100 m in the 0-0.10 m layer for chemical analysis. To investigate the relation between chemical and physical-hydric soil attributes and yields, due to the large area of the plantations, three soil management zones were established based on yield maps available (common bean in 2005/06 and 2006, in TS, and corn in 2002/03 and 2003/04, in PM) recorded by harvesters equipped with yield sensors. In these zones, 15 grid points were sampled in the layers 0-0.05, 0.05-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m to analyze soil attributes. These underlying soil data, analyzed by descriptive statistics and geostatistics, classified the spatial dependence as strong and moderate, with predominance of the spherical model. Spatial variability was highest for P and lowest for pH. Although both plantations were irrigated there was spatial variability in the yields. In the low-yield zone in TS soil acidity, low base saturation and lower available soil water capacity was diagnosed, while in PM the yield constraints were associated to soil compaction, expressed in the bulk density, soil resistance and macroporosity. The low yield zones of irrigated crops, in both croplands, were linked mainly to chemical and physical limitations in the subsurface

Indirect effects of habitat loss via habitat fragmentation: A cross-taxa analysis of forest-dependent species

Recent studies suggest that habitat amount is the main determinant of species richness, whereas habitat fragmentation has weak and mostly positive effects. Here, we challenge these ideas using a multi-taxa database including 2230 estimates of forest-dependent species richness from 1097 sampling sites across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We used a structural equation modeling approach, accounting not only for direct effects of habitat loss, but also for its indirect effects (via habitat fragmentation), on the richness of forest-dependent species. We reveal that in addition to the effects of habitat loss, habitat fragmentation has negative impacts on animal species richness at intermediate (30–60%) levels of habitat amount, and on richness of plants at high (>60%) levels of habitat amount, both of which are mediated by edge effects. Based on these results, we argue that dismissing habitat fragmentation as a powerful force driving species extinction in tropical forest landscapes is premature and unsafe

Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author