Indicators of Psychiatric Disorders in Different Oncology Specialties: A Prevalence Study

Objective. This study evaluated the prevalence of various indicators of psychiatric disorders in Brazilian outpatients with cancer and assessed possible associations with sociodemographic indicators. Materials and Methods. A total of 1,385 patients were evaluated using the following instruments: Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), and Fast Alcohol Screening Test (FAST). Results. The sample was composed of both genders with a slight predominance of women (55.8%), subjects with incomplete/completed elementary school (59%), married (67.4%), with children (94%), not active from a labor viewpoint (61.6%), and following some type of religion (79.5%). The prevalence of anxiety for the total sample varied between 21.5 and 27.4%. The prevalence of depression was 21.1%, tobacco abuse/dependence was 40.2%, and alcohol was 20.3%. Women had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than men. Men had higher levels of substance abuse/dependence indicators than women. Conclusion. These results are consistent with the literature, which attests to the high prevalence of psychiatric disorder indicators in cancer patients, especially compared to the general population

Geoconservation in Brazil : a slow but consistent trail towards the success

The difficulties to implement a geoconservation strategy in Brazil are obvious: a huge territory with 8,5 million sq.km, existence of vast areas with difficult accessibility implying a limited geological knowledge of these areas and a small geoscientific community — considering the country’s size — traditionally focused on mining issues. In spite these difficulties, during recent years some important changes were introduced. Concerning the inventory of geological heritage, the Brazilian Commission of Geological and Palaeobiological Sites (SIGEP) is assembling and publishing since 2002 a geosites list already with 110 sites. The geological survey (CPRM) is finishing an online database (Geossit) to compile the geological characterisation and assessment of geosites. In addition, there are some isolated initiatives in some of the 27 Brazilian states. For instance, in São Paulo a special legislation was approved to allow the creation of “Geological Monuments”. In Rio de Janeiro the “Geological Paths” programme has installed over 100 interpretative panels in some of the most touristic geosites of this state. The biennial national geological congress has a special session on geoheritage since 2006, registering an increasing number of papers. The number of regional and local scientific events is also remarkable. In universities, the offer of optional courses on geoconservation and geotourism in geology, geography, and tourism graduations is increasing each year. In the University of São Paulo, a post-graduation on geoconservation will begin next school year. Finally, there are multiple opportunities and ongoing projects to develop geoparks and to increase the presence of Brazil in the Global Geoparks Network, besides the Araripe Geopark

DIAGNÓSTICO LABORATORIAL DE RAIVA NO DISTRITO FEDERAL, BRASIL

Neste trabalho é apresentada uma descrição e avaliação dos diagnósticos de raiva realizados na DIVAL/DF, a fim de subsidiar medidas de prevenção e controle da doença. Foi utilizado o banco de dados do Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Raiva, com registros dos anos de 2012 a 2017 e as Fichas de Identificação Animal. Dos 6.421 diagnósticos realizados, 27 foram positivos, sendo 14 do DF, acometendo animais de produção e morcegos. Foram analisadas 54 Fichas de Identificação dos cães e gatos diagnosticados em 2017. 70,2% dos animais foram considerados como tendo histórico de vínculo suficiente para justificar o diagnóstico de raiva. Pode-se concluir que na vigilância e controle da raiva deve ser levado em consideração o maior papel dos morcegos como transmissores. Os diagnósticos em cães e gatos devem ser feitos somente quando há realmente suspeita clínica e epidemiológica. É essencial que haja maior reconhecimento por parte da população e dos órgãos governamentais quanto a importância dos serviços de vigilância ambiental para a saúde pública do DF, e que haja sempre investimentos e revisões de normativas para efetivar e aprimorar esses serviço

Inventorying geological heritage in vast territories: first proposal for Paraná State, Brazil

Brazil has an area of 8,514,876 square kilometres, occupying almost half (47%) of the area of South America. This territory shows an exceptional geodiversity resulting from a great variety of geological materials, geoforms and processes. The concept of geoconservation in Brazil is relatively new, what makes incentives and investments in research in this area necessary. However, the vast dimension of Brazilian territory makes the task of studying and implementing strategies to ensure the conservation of the national geological heritage rather difficult. Therefore, the best way to initiate the studies of the Brazilian geoheritage would be by starting from the 26 Federated States, which are political and administrative subdivisions of Brazil. The ideal strategy would be to direct the efforts, firstly to the definition of geological frameworks and their more representative geosites for each State and lately, carry out the correlation with the categories at national level. This approach is being conducted in many European countries following the recommendations of ProGEO (www.progeo.se). Based on this proposition, a proposal to make a systematic inventory of the geological heritage of Paraná State is being developed, in order to establish a scientific basis which will allow the study and protection of geosites at the state, country and international levels. This work is based on a consensus of ideas with the support of the geoscientific community in Paraná. Paraná State is located in the South of Brazil and has an area of 199,314,850 square kilometres. The geological history of the territory of Paraná State started more than 2,8 million years ago, although discontinuous. The geosites inventory is based on the establishment of criteria to select the frameworks and the geosites which represent these frameworks. For a particular item of a geological process or product to be selected as a framework in the context of the Paraná State, it must be representative and there must be a certain degree of scientific knowledge about it. Following the same reasoning that each geosite will materialize a certain framework, it must be representative in the framework and have integrity. Geosites may also present other less important features, not presenting selective capacity, such as: rarity, diversity of elements of geological interest and association with other elements (ecological, cultural, archaeological, etc). In a preliminary geological assessment of the Paraná State the following frameworks can be highlighted: Archean, Paleoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic in the Paraná: metamorphism and tectonics; Serra do Mar; Volcanic sedimentary and sedimentary restricted basins; Tectonic structure of Ponta Grossa Arc; Devonian-Permian in the Paraná basin; Paleozoic Fossils; Carboniferous?Lower Permian in the Paraná basin; Jurassic-Cretaceous of Paraná basin; Guarany Aquifer; and Middle-Upper Cretaceous of the Paraná basin

Early emotional trauma in alcohol-dependent men: prevalence, associations and predictive value

Background Several studies have indicated that early emotional traumas (EET) are highly prevalent in alcohol-dependent individuals, and that these traumas work as risk factors for the development of this disorder. Objective The aim of the current study is to evaluate the EET associations and predictive value regarding active alcohol dependence among male individuals from a developing country. Methods The sample consisted of two groups. The first was composed by adult male individuals diagnosed as alcohol dependents (AG, N = 110), and the second with no alcohol abuse and/or dependence diagnosis (CG, N = 110). Both groups were evaluated using Structured Clinical Interview based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Early Emotional Trauma Inventory; and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Results All trauma subtypes (general, physical, emotional and sexual) were more prevalent among AG than CG. However, only traumas categorized as general and emotional worked as risk factor for alcoholism development and they increased the chances to develop this disorder by 1.45 and 1.23 times, respectively. Discussion EETs are important factors that should be taken into account in interventions that aim to prevent, minimize and/or treat this clinical condition and its impact and/or severity, especially in countries such as Brazil

Conservation of the palaeontological heritage of Araripe Geopark (Ceará, Brazil) : threats and possible solutions

The palaeontological heritage of Araripe Geopark has a worldwide recognition due to the diversity and quality of fossils that occur in the Santana Formation (Lower Cretaceous). Unfortunately, this rich heritage has been under threat due to various reasons: illegal collecting, quarrying, inadequate legislation, and ineffectiveness of authorities. The solution depends on federal, state, and local initiatives. The Araripe Geopark can play an important role in the life of local communities, namely by promoting a better knowledge on the region natural and cultural richness and by enhancing a sense of pride, which in turn can lead to the improvement of fossil conservation

Associations between competitive anxiety, athlete characteristics and sport context: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: There is a vast literature investigating the possible associations between competitive anxiety, athlete variables and sports context. As far as we are concerned, there is no study which has compiled such findings to produce more robust evidence on this topic. Objectives: The aim of the study was to conduct an exploratory systematic review of the literature followed by a meta-analysis in order to investigate possible associations between competitive anxiety, socialdemographic characteristics, profile of the athlete and sports context. Methods: Systematic searches of PubMed, PsycInfo, Web of Science, Lilacs and SciELO electronic databases were performed to identify studies published between January 2006 and January 2018, including a manual search in the references of the selected studies. Results: A total of 59 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 27 for meta-analysis. More robust associations were observed between competitive anxiety and female gender, lower age, and less experience time. Discussion: Knowing the variables which exert influence on competitive anxiety can be relevant to plan specific treatment and intervention programs, enabling the athlete´s development beyond technical and physical preparation

Diagnóstico laboratorial de raiva no Distrito Federal

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, 2017.Cerca de 59 mil pessoas morrem por ano devido a raiva, a maioria infectada por cães nos continentes africano e asiático. No Brasil, apesar da diminuição de casos no ciclo urbano, a raiva ainda é uma doença presente, tendo o morcego como principal transmissor e causando mortalidade humana principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil. Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma revisão de literatura e estudo descritivo sobre os diagnósticos de raiva realizados na DIVAL/DF. Foi verificado o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos cães e gatos enviados para diagnóstico no ano de 2017. Para a revisão de literatura foram pesquisados sites institucionais e acadêmicos, documentos técnicos, artigos científicos, teses e livros pertinentes ao assunto. Para a descrição e avaliação do diagnóstico de raiva e o perfil dos animais encaminhados para diagnóstico na DIVAL foram utilizados o banco de dados do Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Raiva, com registros dos anos de 2012 a 2017, e as Fichas de Identificação Animal. No banco de dados foram identificados 6.388 diagnósticos realizados durante todo o período, provenientes do DF e de outros estados como Goiás, Tocantins e Rondônia. Foi observado uma diminuição de exames diagnósticos com o decorrer dos anos. Vinte e seis amostras tiveram resultados positivos, sendo treze provenientes do DF, de oito diferentes regiões administrativas, ocorrendo em animais de produção e morcegos. Em todos os anos houveram descrições de amostras enviadas de forma inadequada para diagnóstico, sendo que em 2017, das duzentos e quarenta e duas amostras enviadas, dezesseis não continham fragmentos específicos importantes para diagnóstico, sete estavam em estado de decomposição e duas vieram acondicionadas de forma imprópria. De 2012 a 2017, 3,7% dos animais enviados para diagnóstico tinham histórico de contactantes (com vítima), sendo a maioria cães. Foram analisadas quarenta e nove Fichas de Identificação dos cães e gatos diagnosticados em 2017, sendo que três fichas não foram encontradas. 73,1% dos animais foram considerados como tendo histórico de vínculo suficiente para justificar o diagnóstico de raiva, e 26,9% não tiveram esse vínculo comprovado. Pode-se concluir que os quirópteros se tornaram os agentes mais importantes na transmissão da raiva, e a vigilância e controle da doença deve levar em consideração essa mudança epidemiológica. Os diagnósticos em cães e gatos devem ser feitos somente quando há realmente suspeita clínica e epidemiológica, e estratégias como o envio de 0,2% da população canina para diagnóstico de raiva, para vigilância epidemiológica, devem ser revistas, pois gastos públicos e utilização de animais de laboratório podem estar sendo feitos de forma injustificada. Deve haver maior treinamento e cuidado no momento de colheita e transporte de amostras para o diagnóstico de raiva. A DIVAL deve aprimorar o arquivamento e registros de dados para melhor acesso e análise. É essencial que haja maior reconhecimento por parte da população e dos órgãos governamentais quanto a importância dos serviços de vigilância ambiental para a saúde pública do DF, e que haja sempre investimentos e revisões de normativas para efetivar e aprimorar esses serviços.About 59 thousand people die every year due to rabies, having the majority been infected by dogs and in the African and Asian continents. In Brazil, despite the decrease in cases in the urban cycle, rabies is still a present disease, having bats as its main transmitters and causing human mortality mainly in North and Northeast regions. This paper presents a literature review and descriptive study on the rabies diagnoses performed by DIVAL/DF. The clinical and epidemiological profiles of the dogs and cats sent for diagnosis in 2017 were analyzed. Institutional and academical websites, technical documents, scientific articles, theses, and relevant books on the subject were surveyed for the literature review. For the description and assessment of the rabies diagnosis and of the profile os the animals that were referred for diagnosis at the DIVAL, the Rabies Diagnosis Laboratory databank, with records from 2012 to 2017, and the Animal Identification Forms. On the databank, 6.388 diagnoses were identified within the time period, coming from DF and from other states such as Goiás, Tocantins, and Rondônia. A decrease in diagnoses over the years was observed. Twenty-six samples had positive results, being thirteen from DF, from eight administrative regions, from livestock and bats. In all years there were descriptions of improperly submitted samples for diagnosis. In 2017, from the two hundred and forty-two samples, sixteen did not contain specific fragments important for diagnosis, seven were in decomposition, and two were improperly packed. From 2012 to 2017, 3.7% of the animals sent for diagnosis had a history of contact (with the victims), being dogs the majority. Forty-nine Identification Forms of the diagnosed dog and cats in 2017 were analyzed, although three forms were not found. 73.1% of the animals were considered as having sufficient contact history to justify the rabies diagnosis, and 26.9% did not have any confirmed contact. We can conclude that chiropterans have become the most relevant agents in the transmission of rabies, and the surveillance and control of the disease must consider this epidemiologic change. Diagnoses in dogs and cats must be done only when there is actual clinical suspicion of rabies, and strategies such as sending 0.2% of the canine population for diagnosis should be revised, because this use of public resources and experimental animals may be unjustified. There must be better training and care in the moment of sample collection and transportation for rabies diagnosis. The DIVAL must improve its record-filing for better access and assessment. It is essential that there is better recognition from the population and governmental agencies of the importance of environmental surveillance for public health in Df, and that there are more investments and reviews of regulatory frameworks to accomplish and improve these services

Kósmos Teráton : a imersão do observador no universo fantástico do artista

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Artes, Departamento de Artes Visuais, 2018.A imaginação e as fantasias da mente humana são íntimas, quase inacessíveis ao resto do mundo, mas e se tivesse um modo de quebrar esta barreira entre o que é ficcional e o que é real? A arte é um dos veículos que permite tal façanha, seja por meio da literatura, dos filmes, dos games ou das artes visuais. Tentar permitir o observador adentrar e se imergir no universo fantástico distópico habitado por monstros que venho criando é o objetivo desta pesquisa. Para isso analiso outros meios artísticos a fim de encontrar uma maneira em que minha fantasia se transporte para o real e seja acessível ao observador.The imagination and fantasies of the human mind are intimate, almost inaccessible to the rest of the world, but what if it had a way of breaking this barrier between what is fictional and what is real? Art is one of the vehicles that allows such a deed, whether through literature, movies, games or visual arts. Trying to allow the observer to enter and immerse themself in the fantastic dystopian universe inhabited by monsters that I have been creating is the purpose of this research. For this I analyze other artistic medias in order to find a way in which my fantasy turns real and is accessible to the observer