A EVOLUÇÃO DO NÍVEL DE MATURIDADE DO ECOSSISTEMA DE INOVAÇÃO À LUZ DA ECONOMIA CRIATIVA: EM BUSCA DE UM ECOSSISTEMA CRIATIVO NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

Ecossistemas de inovação estruturados e orquestrados permitem o desenvolvimento territorial a partir da sinergia dos diversos atores em prol da economia do conhecimento compreendida por startups, negócios de impacto social, empreendimentos criativos e tantos outros. Entre essas possibilidades de interação, entender a relação dos ecossistemas locais de inovação e os setores da economia criativa é uma oportunidade para enxergar novas possibilidades de um desenvolvimento sustentável territorial. Tentando entender as singularidades desta intersecção, o presente artigo evidencia a orquestração de um ecossistema de inovação em formação sob a ótica da economia criativa. Para isso, é apresentado um estudo de caso acontecido na cidade de Maceió, Alagoas, Brasil, durante os anos de 2020 e 2021, onde foi utilizada a ferramenta “Atuação, gestão e monitoramento por níveis de maturidade dos ecossistemas de inovação”. O presente trabalho apresentou os resultados do nível de maturidade encontrados, destacando os principais pontos que levaram às aferições encontradas e à trajetória de evolução do ecossistema no período analisado. Dessa forma, foi demonstrado um ecossistema em evolução e a existência de uma correlação positiva entre as temáticas que proporcionam benefícios para o território

RISCO DE LESÃO RELACIONADA AO POSICIONAMENTO CIRÚRGICO: AVALIAÇÃO EM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO BRASILEIRO

Objective: to assess the risk of developing injuries related to surgical positioning. Method: a cross-sectional study was carried out at the Surgical Center of a public university hospital in Paraná, Brazil. A sample (n=146) of elective surgical adults was evaluated from February to April 2019, using the Risk Assessment Scale for the Development of Injuries resulting from Surgical Positioning and extraction of sociodemographic variables. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was performed. Results: we identified a homogeneous distribution between men (49.3%) and women (50.7%). Orthopedics was the most frequent surgical specialty (39.7%). According to the Risk Assessment Scale for the Development of Injuries Resulting from Surgical Positioning, the following variables were disregarded: use of conventional mattress + cotton field cushions as a support surface (100%); supine position (78%); upper limbs with an opening less than 90º (70.5%); regional anesthesia (54.1%); surgical time of 1-2 hours (46.6%) and age group from 18 to 39 years (41.1%). The mean score was 17.6 (±3.29) points, indicating that 75.3% of the sample had a low risk of developing injuries related to surgical positioning. Conclusion: around a quarter of the sample had a higher risk of injury due to the surgical position.Objetivo: evaluar el riesgo de desarrollar lesiones relacionadas con el posicionamiento quirúrgico. Método: estudio transversal realizado en el Centro Quirúrgico de un hospital universitario público de Paraná, Brasil. Se evaluó una muestra (n = 146) de adultos quirúrgicos electivos de febrero a abril de 2019, utilizando la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgo para el Desarrollo de Lesiones resultantes del Posicionamiento Quirúrgico y extracción de variables sociodemográficas. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial. Resultados: identificamos una distribución homogénea entre hombres (49,3%) y mujeres (50,7%). La ortopedia fue la especialidad quirúrgica más frecuente (39,7%). De acuerdo con la Escala de Evaluación de Riesgos para el Desarrollo de Lesiones por Posicionamiento Quirúrgico, se descartaron las siguientes variables: uso de colchón convencional + cojines de campo de algodón como superficie de apoyo (100%); posición supina (78%); miembros superiores con apertura menor a 90º (70,5%); anestesia regional (54,1%); tiempo quirúrgico de 1-2 horas (46,6%) y grupo de edad entre 18 y 39 años (41,1%). La puntuación media fue de 17,6 (± 3,29) puntos, lo que indica que el 75,3% de la muestra tenía un riesgo bajo de desarrollar lesiones relacionadas con el posicionamiento quirúrgico. Conclusión: alrededor de una cuarta parte de la muestra tenía un mayor riesgo de lesión debido a la posición quirúrgica.Objetivo: avaliar o risco para desenvolvimento de lesões relacionadas ao posicionamento cirúrgico. Método: estudo transversal com amostra (n=146) de adultos cirúrgicos eletivos do Paraná, Brasil. Aplicou-se a Escala de Avaliação de Risco para o Desenvolvimento de Lesões decorrentes do Posicionamento Cirúrgico e extração de variáveis sociodemográficas. Procedeu-se análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: homens (49,3%) e mulheres (50,7%) tiveram distribuição equânime de atendimento majoritariamente pela ortopedia (39,7%). Pela escala aplicada, destacou-se: uso de colchão convencional+coxins de campo de algodão como superfície de suporte (100%); posição supina (78%); membros superiores com abertura inferior a 90º (70,5%); anestesia regional (54,1%) e tempo cirúrgico de 1-2h (46,6%). Constatou-se escore médio de 17,6±3,29 pontos e 75,3% da amostra apresentou baixo risco de desenvolver lesões do posicionamento cirúrgico. Conclusão: em torno de um quarto da amostra apresentou maior risco de lesão decorrente da posição cirúrgica

Percepção de risco no uso de agrotóxicos em cinco comunidades rurais no município de Pombal, PB

The indiscriminate use of pesticides in Brazil has been growing over time and the consequences of food contamination, environmental pollution and health problems of rural workers. For the foregoing held lectures in five rural communities in the municipality of Pombal-PB, with goals to inform farmers about correct ways of applying pesticides, the health risks by excessive exposure of these substances and the proper way of disposal of empty containers of pesticides. The knowledge about the subject in question was conducted through a questionnaire administered before the lectures and found that 93% of respondents reported using pesticides on their crops, 83% responded that they use pesticides to more than five years, 40% reported agricultural pesticides applied once a week, was diagnosed also that 54% of respondents did not receive technical information on application and handling of pesticides, and 51% reported that they do not know the personal protective equipment (PPE) and 96% of respondents not properly designed empty containers of pesticides.O uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos no Brasil vem crescendo ao longo do tempo e cujas consequências são a contaminação de alimentos, a poluição ambiental e problemas de saúde dos trabalhadores rurais. Diante do exposto realizou-se palestras em cinco comunidades rurais do município de Pombal-PB, com objetivos de informar aos agricultores as formas corretas de aplicação dos defensivos agrícolas, os riscos à saúde pela exposição excessiva dessas substâncias e a correta maneira da destinação final das embalagens vazias dos agrotóxicos. O conhecimento sobre o assunto em questão foi realizado por meio de um questionário aplicado antes das palestras e verificou-se que 93% dos entrevistados informaram que utilizam agrotóxicos em suas lavouras, 83% responderam que utilizam produtos fitossanitários a mais de cinco anos, 40% reportaram aplicar defensivos agrícolas uma vez por semana, diagnosticou-se também que 54% dos entrevistados não receberam informação técnica sobre aplicação e manejo de agrotóxico, bem como 51% relataram que não conhecem os equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e 96 % dos entrevistados não destinam corretamente as embalagens vazias dos agrotóxicos

Estudo‌ ‌de‌ ‌Prospecção‌ ‌Tecnológica‌ ‌sobre‌ ‌Embalagens‌ ‌Ativas‌ ‌para‌ ‌Vegetais‌

This work aims to map the scientific and technological development of active packaging for vegetables. From the identification of patent documents and articles, an analysis of the technological scenario on the subject was carried out, with identification and appreciation of the evolution over time, in order to point out the dynamics of this market in different parts of the world. To do so, searches were made of patent and article databases, based on a set of selected keywords. The bases used were the software  Orbit, which identified 620 patents and Scopus, with 350 articles, from which analyzes and projections were performed in the graphs. Finally, the merging of keywords and the main IPC codes allowed for a more targeted analysis of active packaging technologies, with a view to identifying trends and targeting the market.ResumoEste trabalho tem por objetivo mapear o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico de embalagens ativas para vegetais. A partir da identificação de documentos de patentes e de artigos, foi realizada uma análise do cenário tecnológico sobre o tema, com identificação e apreciação da evolução ao longo do tempo, para apontamento da dinâmica deste mercado em diversas partes do mundo. Para tanto, foram realizadas buscas em bases de patentes e de artigos, a partir de um conjunto de palavras-chave selecionadas. As bases utilizadas foram o software Orbit, que identificou 620 patentes, e a base de dados Scopus, com 350 artigos, a partir dos quais foram realizadas análises e projeções apresentadas nos Gráficos. Por fim, a junção de palavras-chave com os principais códigos IPC permitiu uma análise mais direcionada às tecnologias de embalagens ativas, com vistas à identificação de tendências e direcionamento de mercado

Pulmonary Fibrosis and Hypereosinophilia in TLR9-/- Mice Infected by Cryptococcus gattii

Cryptococcus gattii is a worldwide-distributed basidiomycetous yeast that can infect immunocompetent hosts. However, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the disease. The innate immune response is essential to the control of infections by microorganisms. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is an innate immune receptor, classically described as a non-methylated DNA recognizer and associated with bacteria, protozoa and opportunistic mycosis infection models. Previously, our group showed that TLR9-/- mice were more susceptible to C. gattii after 21 days of infection. However, some questions about the innate immunity involving TLR9 response against C. gattii remain unknown. In order to investigate the systemic cryptococcal infection, we evaluated C57BL/6 mice and C57BL/6 TLR9-/- after intratracheal infection with 104C. gattii yeasts for 21 days. Our data evidenced that TLR9-/- was more susceptible to C. gattii. TLR9-/- mice had hypereosinophilia in pulmonary mixed cellular infiltrate, severe bronchiolitis and vasculitis and type 2 alveolar cell hyperplasia. In addition, TLR9-/- mice developed severe pulmonary fibrosis and areas with strongly birefringent fibers. Together, our results corroborate the hypothesis that TLR9 is important to support the Th1/Th17 response against C. gattii infection in the murine experimental model

Increased <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Growth during Infection of Macrophages Cultured on Collagen I Matrix

The interactions between cell and cellular matrix confers plasticity to each body tissue, influencing the cellular migratory capacity. Macrophages rely on motility to promote their physiological function. These phagocytes are determinant for the control of invasive infections, and their immunological role largely depends on their ability to migrate and adhere to tissue. Therefore, they interact with the components of the extracellular matrix through their adhesion receptors, conferring morphological modifications that change their shape during migration. Nevertheless, the need to use in vitro cell growth models with the conditioning of three-dimensional synthetic matrices to mimic the dynamics of cell-matrix interaction has been increasingly studied. This becomes more important to effectively understand the changes occurring in phagocyte morphology in the context of infection progression, such as in Chagas disease. This disease is caused by the intracellular pathogen Trypanosoma cruzi, capable of infecting macrophages, determinant cells in the anti-trypanosomatid immunity. In the present study, we sought to understand how an in vitro extracellular matrix model interferes with T. cruzi infection in macrophages. Using different time intervals and parasite ratios, we evaluated the cell morphology and parasite replication rate in the presence of 3D collagen I matrix. Nevertheless, microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy were crucial to trace macrophage-matrix interactions. In the present work, we demonstrated for the first time that the macrophage-matrix interaction favors T. cruzi in vitro replication and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines during macrophage infection, in addition to drastically altering the morphology of the macrophages and promoting the formation of migratory macrophages

Cryptococcus: History, Epidemiology and Immune Evasion

Cryptococcosis is a disease caused by the pathogenic fungi Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, both environmental fungi that cause severe pneumonia and may even lead to cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Although C. neoformans affects more fragile individuals, such as immunocompromised hosts through opportunistic infections, C. gattii causes a serious indiscriminate primary infection in immunocompetent individuals. Typically seen in tropical and subtropical environments, C. gattii has increased its endemic area over recent years, largely due to climatic factors that favor contagion in warmer climates. It is important to point out that not only C. gattii, but the Cryptococcus species complex produces a polysaccharidic capsule with immunomodulatory properties, enabling the pathogenic species of Cryptococccus to subvert the host immune response during the establishment of cryptococcosis, facilitating its dissemination in the infected organism. C. gattii causes a more severe and difficult-to-treat infection, with few antifungals eliciting an effective response during chronic treatment. Much of the immunopathology of this cryptococcosis is still poorly understood, with most studies focusing on cryptococcosis caused by the species C. neoformans. C. gattii became more important in the epidemiological scenario with the outbreaks in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, which resulted in phylogenetic studies of the virulent variant responsible for the severe infection in the region. Since then, the study of cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii has helped researchers understand the immunopathological aspects of different variants of this pathogen

The role of Toll-like receptor 9 in a murine model of Cryptococcus gattii infection

Abstract Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is crucial to the host immune response against fungi, such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans, but its importance in Cryptococcus gattii infection is unknown. Our study aimed to understand the role of TLR9 during the course of experimental C. gattii infection in vivo, considering that the cryptococcal DNA interaction with the receptor could contribute to host immunity even in an extremely susceptible model. We inoculated C57BL/6 (WT) and TLR9 knock-out (TLR9−/−) mice intratracheally with 104 C. gattii yeast cells. TLR9−/− mice had a higher mortality rate compared to WT mice and more yeast cells that had abnormal size, known as titan cells, in the lungs. TLR9−/− mice also had a greater number of CFUs in the spleen and brain than WT mice, in addition to having lower levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 in the lung. With these markers of aggressive cryptococcosis, we can state that TLR9−/− mice are more susceptible to C. gattii, probably due to a mechanism associated with the decrease of a Th1 and Th17-type immune response that promotes the formation of titan cells in the lungs. Therefore, our results indicate the participation of TLR9 in murine resistance to C. gattii infection

Predictive Score for Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli Sepsis: Single-Center Prospective Cohort Study

A clinical–epidemiological score to predict CR-GNB sepsis to guide empirical antimicrobial therapy (EAT), using local data, persists as an unmet need. On the basis of a case–case–control design in a prospective cohort study, the predictive factors for CR-GNB sepsis were previously determined as prior infection, use of mechanical ventilation and carbapenem, and length of hospital stay. In this study, each factor was scored according to the logistic regression coefficients, and the ROC curve analysis determined its accuracy in predicting CR-GNB sepsis in the entire cohort. Among the total of 629 admissions followed by 7797 patient-days, 329 single or recurrent episodes of SIRS/sepsis were enrolled, from August 2015 to March 2017. At least one species of CR-GNB was identified as the etiology in 108 (33%) episodes, and 221 were classified as the control group. The cutoff point of ≥3 (maximum of 4) had the best sensitivity/specificity, while ≤1 showed excellent sensitivity to exclude CR-GNB sepsis. The area under the curve was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.76–0.85) and the number needed to treat was 2.0. The score may improve CR-GNB coverage and spare polymyxins with 22% (95% CI: 17–28%) adequacy rate change. The score has a good ability to predict CR-GNB sepsis and to guide EAT in the future

Retrospective Insights of the COVID-19 Epidemic in the Major Latin American City, S&atilde;o Paulo, Southeastern Brazil

S&atilde;o Paulo is the financial center of Brazil, with a population of over 12 million, that receives travelers from all over the world for business and tourism. It was the first city in Brazil to report a case of COVID-19 that rapidly spread across the city despite the implementation of the restriction measures. Despite many reports, much is still unknown regarding the genomic diversity and transmission dynamics of this virus in the city of S&atilde;o Paulo. Thus, in this study, we provide a retrospective overview of the COVID-19 epidemic in S&atilde;o Paulo City, Southeastern, Brazil, by generating a total of 9995 near-complete genome sequences from all the city&rsquo;s different macro-regions (North, West, Central, East, South, and Southeast). Our analysis revealed that multiple independent introduction events of different variants (mainly Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) occurred throughout time. Additionally, our estimates of viral movement within the different macro-regions further suggested that the East and the Southeast regions were the largest contributors to the Gamma and Delta viral exchanges to other regions. Meanwhile, the North region had a higher contribution to the dispersion of the Omicron variant. Together, our results reinforce the importance of increasing SARS-CoV-2 genomic monitoring within the city and the country to track the real-time evolution of the virus and to detect earlier any eventual emergency of new variants of concern that could undermine the fight against COVID-19 in Brazil and worldwide