38,164 research outputs found
Determinations of upper critical field in continuous Ginzburg-Landau model
Novel procedures to determine the upper critical field have been
proposed within a continuous Ginzburg-Landau model. Unlike conventional
methods, where is obtained through the determination of the smallest
eigenvalue of an appropriate eigen equation, the square of the magnetic field
is treated as eigenvalue problems so that the upper critical field can be
directly deduced. The calculated from the two procedures are
consistent with each other and in reasonably good agreement with existing
theories and experiments. The profile of the order parameter associated with
is found to be Gaussian-like, further validating the methodology
proposed. The convergences of the two procedures are also studied.Comment: Revtex4, 8 pages, 4 figures, references modified, figures and table
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Magnetoasymmetric transport in a mesoscopic interferometer: From the weak to the strong coupling regime
The microreversibility principle implies that the conductance of a
two-terminal Aharonov-Bohm interferometer is an even function of the applied
magnetic flux. Away from linear response, however, this symmetry is not
fulfilled and the conductance phase of the interferometer when a quantum dot is
inserted in one of its arms can be a continuous function of the bias voltage.
Such magnetoasymmetries have been investigated in related mesoscopic systems
and arise as a consequence of the asymetric response of the internal potential
of the conductor out of equilibrium. Here we discuss magnetoasymmetries in
quantum-dot Aharonov-Bohm interferometers when strong electron-electron
interactions are taken into account beyond the mean-field approach. We find
that at very low temperatures the asymmetric element of the differential
conductance shows an abrupt change for voltages around the Fermi level. At
higher temperatures we recover a smooth variation of the magnetoasymmetry as a
function of the bias. We illustrate our results with the aid of the electron
occupation at the dot, demonstrating that its nonequilibrium component is an
asymmetric function of the flux even to lowest order in voltage. We also
calculate the magnetoasymmetry of the current-current correlations (the noise)
and find that it is given, to a good extent, by the magnetoasymmetry of the
weakly nonlinear conductance term. Therefore, both magnetoasymmetries (noise
and conductance) are related to each other via a higher-order
fluctuation-dissipation relation. This result appears to be true even in the
low temperature regime, where Kondo physics and many-body effects dominate the
transport properties.Comment: 17 pages, 9 figure
The Gauge Hierarchy Problem and Higher Dimensional Gauge Theories
We report on an attempt to solve the gauge hierarchy problem in the framework
of higher dimensional gauge theories. Both classical Higgs mass and
quadratically divergent quantum correction to the mass are argued to vanish.
Hence the hierarchy problem in its original sense is solved. The remaining
finite mass correction is shown to depend crucially on the choice of boundary
condition for matter fields, and a way to fix it dynamically is presented. We
also point out that on the simply-connected space even the finite mass
correction vanishes.Comment: LaTeX2e. 12 pages, 3 Postscript figures; Added references, some
comment
Effects of lipids on the water sorption, glass transition and structural strength of carbohydrate-protein systems
peer-reviewedEncapsulant systems are gaining wide practical interest due to their functional and nutritional properties. This paper was focusing on understanding structural relaxations in that systems near glass transition temperature. Freeze-dried trehalose-whey protein isolate-sunflower oil systems with various ratios of the last were used as a carbohydrate-protein-lipid food model. The Guggenheim-Anderson-de Boer (GAB) water sorption relationship was used as a tool to model water sorption isotherms. The glass transition temperature was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Structural α-relaxation temperatures were measured by dynamical mechanical analyses (DMA), dielectric analysis (DEA) and combined to cover a broad range for strength assessment. The microstructure was characterized by optical light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The C1 and C2 constants for Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation and structural strength parameter were calculated for each system. The effect of sunflower oil and water contents on strength of carbohydrate-protein system was analyzed. Strength shows decreasing with increasing of lipid concentration in the mixtures and more complex dependence on the water content in a system.This investigation was supported by the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM) project “Formulation and Design for Food Structure and Stability” funded by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine (11-F-001), coordinated by prof. Y.H. Roos, UCC, Ireland and by the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM) project “Developing the next generation of high protein spray dried dairy powders with enhanced hydration properties” (15-F-679) funded by the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine, coordinated by Dr. Mark Auty, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Co. Cork, Ireland
Relativistic linear stability equations for the nonlinear Dirac equation in Bose-Einstein condensates
We present relativistic linear stability equations (RLSE) for
quasi-relativistic cold atoms in a honeycomb optical lattice. These equations
are derived from first principles and provide a method for computing
stabilities of arbitrary localized solutions of the nonlinear Dirac equation
(NLDE), a relativistic generalization of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation.
We present a variety of such localized solutions: skyrmions, solitons,
vortices, and half-quantum vortices, and study their stabilities via the RLSE.
When applied to a uniform background, our calculations reveal an experimentally
observable effect in the form of Cherenkov radiation. Remarkably, the Berry
phase from the bipartite structure of the honeycomb lattice induces a
boson-fermion transmutation in the quasi-particle operator statistics.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Reversibility of Red blood Cell deformation
The ability of cells to undergo reversible shape changes is often crucial to
their survival. For Red Blood Cells (RBCs), irreversible alteration of the cell
shape and flexibility often causes anemia. Here we show theoretically that RBCs
may react irreversibly to mechanical perturbations because of tensile stress in
their cytoskeleton. The transient polymerization of protein fibers inside the
cell seen in sickle cell anemia or a transient external force can trigger the
formation of a cytoskeleton-free membrane protrusion of micrometer dimensions.
The complex relaxation kinetics of the cell shape is shown to be responsible
for selecting the final state once the perturbation is removed, thereby
controlling the reversibility of the deformation. In some case, tubular
protrusion are expected to relax via a peculiar "pearling instability".Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Electron Temperature of Ultracold Plasmas
We study the evolution of ultracold plasmas by measuring the electron
temperature. Shortly after plasma formation, competition between heating and
cooling mechanisms drives the electron temperature to a value within a narrow
range regardless of the initial energy imparted to the electrons. In agreement
with theory predictions, plasmas exhibit values of the Coulomb coupling
parameter less than 1.Comment: 4 pages, plus four figure
Protein dynamics at Eph receptor-ligand interfaces as revealed by crystallography, NMR and MD simulations
10.1186/2046-1682-5-2BMC Biophysics51
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