공유 자율주행 차량 서비스를 활용한 최적 교통 경로 문제

학위논문(석사)--서울대학교 대학원 :공과대학 산업공학과,2019. 8. Moon, Ilkyeong.This thesis describes a traffic-aware routing problem with shared autonomous vehicles by incorporating jams along traffic flow due to the large population of vehicles in the network. This anticipates that autonomous vehicles will replace privately owned vehicles in the future. To provide an efficient shared common service, the dial-a-ride problem is combined with the traffic flow model to satisfy demand (origin-destination pairs), producing a system-optimal traffic assignment problem solution. Macroscopic traffic flow is modelled via the two--regime transmission model (TTM), utilizing inflow and outflow for each link. The optimal solution demonstrates that an appropriate number of vehicles is utilized regardless of the demand or fleet size due to congestion limitations.본 연구는 네트워크 내 교통 흐름 혼잡을 고려하는 공유 자율주행 차량 경로문제(Shared Autonomous Vehicle Routing Problem)를 다루고 있다. 이 문제는 향후 자율주행차가 개인 소유의 차를 대체할 것이라는 관점에서 시작되었다. 효율적인 공유 서비스를 제공하기 위해, 기존의 다이얼 어 라이드(Dial-A-Ride) 문제에 출발지와 도착지 간의 수요를 만족하도록 하는 교통 흐름 모델을 결합해 최적의 교통 할당 문제를 제안한다. 거시적인 교통 흐름은 네트워크 각 링크에 유입 및 유출을 활용한 이중 체제 전송(Two Regime Transmission) 모델을 활용한다. 혼잡으로 인한 제약들로 인해 수요 및 차량 크기와 관계없이 최적의 해에서는 최대 차량 수가 활용되고 있음을 보여준다. 또한, 피크 교통 시간대에서는 수요에 따른 최적의 교통 할당과 차량 크기를 얻어 교통 혼잡에 활용할 수 있다.Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1. Background and Purpose 1 1.2. Literature Survey 3 1.2.1. Shared Autonomous Vehicle 3 1.2.2. VRP and DARP 5 1.2.3. Traffic-flow Model 9 Chapter 2: Mathematical Model 15 2.1. Model Development 16 2.2. Traffic Network 17 2.3. Explanations on Constraints 19 2.4. Objective Function 28 2.5. Mathematical Formulation 31 Chapter 3: Computational Experiments 35 3.1. Test Network 35 3.2. Comparison with Static Traffic Assignment Formulation 38 3.3. Experiments 39 3.3.1. Effects of Change in Demand on Utilization Rate 40 3.3.2. Effects of Change in Demand on VMT 41 3.3.3. Effects of Change in Demand on Total Travel Time 42 3.3.4. Effects of Change in Fleet Size on Total Travel Time 44 3.3.5. Effects of Change in Time Intervals on Computational Time and Complexity 45 Chapter 4: Conclusions 49 Acknowledgements 52 국문초록 59 Appendix 60 i) IBM CPLEX ILOG Linear Programming Code 60 ii) Two Regime Transmission Model Mathematical Proof 64Maste

Single-qubit rotations in two-dimensional optical lattices with multiqubit addressing

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Phosphorylation of androgen receptors at serine 515 is a potential prognostic marker for triple negative breast cancer

1.7 million cases of breast cancer are diagnosed every year with 522,000 deaths. Molecular classifications of breast cancer have resulted in improved treatments. However, treatments for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) are lacking. Analysis of molecular targets for TNBC is a priority. One potential candidate is androgen receptor (AR) phosphorylation. This study assessed the role of AR phosphorylation at ser81/ser515 and their two upstream effectors, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (pCDK1) and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) in 332 ductal breast cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with improved cancer-specific survival (CSS, p = 0.038), decreased size (p = 0.001), invasive grade (p < 0.001), necrosis (p = 0.003), b-lymphocytes (p = 0.020), molecular subtype (p < 0.001) and estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)-status (p < 0.001). The cohort was therefore stratified into ER+ve and ER-ve patients. In ER+ve tumours, pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with improved CSS (p = 0.038), smaller size (p = 0.004), invasive grade (p = 0.001), decreased b-lymphocytes (p = 0.013) and increased plasma cells (p = 0.048). In contrast, in TNBC patients, phosphorylation of AR-515 associated with poorer CSS (p = 0.007). pERK1/2 combined with AR-515 associated with decreased inflammation (p = 0.003), increased tumour stroma (p = 0.003) and tumour budding (p = 0.011), with trends towards decrease CSS (p = 0.065) and macrophage levels (p = 0.093). In Conclusions, AR-515 may be an important regulator of inflammation in breast cancer potential via ERK1/2 phosphorylation. AR-515 is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target for TNBC

Low-latency XPath Query Evaluation on Multi-Core Processors

XML and the XPath querying language have become ubiquitous data and querying standards used in many industrial settings and across the World-Wide Web. The high latency of XPath queries over large XML databases remains a problem for many applications. While this latency could be reduced by parallel execution, issues such as work partitioning, memory contention, and load imbalance may diminish the benefits of parallelization. We propose three parallel XPath query engines: Static Work Partitioning, Work Queue, and Producer- Consumer-Hybrid. All three engines attempt to solve the issue of load imbalance while minimizing sequential execution time and overhead. We analyze their performance on sets of synthetic and real-world datasets. Results obtained on two multi-core platforms show that while load-balancing is easily achieved for most synthetic datasets, real-world datasets prove more challenging. Nevertheless, our Producer-Consumer-Hybrid query engine achieves good results across the board (speedup up to 6.31 on an 8-core platform)

Coherently complete algebraic stacks in positive characteristic

With the long-term goal of proving local structure theorems of algebraic stacks in positive characteristic near points with reductive (but possibly non-linearly reductive) stabilizer, we conjecture that quotient stacks of the form $[\mathrm{Spec}\, A/G]$, with $G$ reductive and $A^G$ complete local, are coherently complete along the unique closed point. We establish this conjecture in two interesting cases: (1) $A^G$ is artinian and (2) $G$ acts trivially on $\mathrm{Spec}\, A$. We also establish coherent completeness results for graded unipotent group actions. In order to establish these results, we prove a number of foundational statements concerning cohomological and completeness properties of algebraic stacks -- including on how these properties ascend and descend along morphisms.Comment: 35 pages, comments welcome

A multi-species functional embedding integrating sequence and network structure

A key challenge to transferring knowledge between species is that different species have fundamentally different genetic architectures. Initial computational approaches to transfer knowledge across species have relied on measures of heredity such as genetic homology, but these approaches suffer from limitations. First, only a small subset of genes have homologs, limiting the amount of knowledge that can be transferred, and second, genes change or repurpose functions, complicating the transfer of knowledge. Many approaches address this problem by expanding the notion of homology by leveraging high-throughput genomic and proteomic measurements, such as through network alignment. In this work, we take a new approach to transferring knowledge across species by expanding the notion of homology through explicit measures of functional similarity between proteins in different species. Specifically, our kernel-based method, HANDL (Homology Assessment across Networks using Diffusion and Landmarks), integrates sequence and network structure to create a functional embedding in which proteins from different species are embedded in the same vector space. We show that inner products in this space and the vectors themselves capture functional similarity across species, and are useful for a variety of functional tasks. We perform the first whole-genome method for predicting phenologs, generating many that were previously identified, but also predicting new phenologs supported from the biological literature. We also demonstrate the HANDL embedding captures pairwise gene function, in that gene pairs with synthetic lethal interactions are significantly separated in HANDL space, and the direction of separation is conserved across species. Software for the HANDL algorithm is available at http://bit.ly/lrgr-handl.Published versio

Long term cognitive outcomes of early term (37-38 weeks) and late preterm (34-36 weeks) births: a systematic review

Background: There is a paucity of evidence regarding long-term outcomes of late preterm (34-36 weeks) and early term (37-38 weeks) delivery.  The objective of this systematic review was to assess long-term cognitive outcomes of children born at these gestations. Methods: Four electronic databases (Medline, Embase, clinicaltrials.gov and PsycINFO) were searched.  Last search was 5 th August 2016.  Studies were included if they reported gestational age, IQ measure and the ages assessed.  The protocol was registered with the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO Record CRD42015015472).  Two independent reviewers assessed the studies.  Data were abstracted and critical appraisal performed of eligible papers. Results: Of 11,905 potential articles, seven studies reporting on 41,344 children were included.  For early term births, four studies (n = 35,711) consistently showed an increase in cognitive scores for infants born at full term (39-41 weeks) compared to those born at early term (37-38 weeks) with increases for each week of term (difference between 37 and 40 weeks of around 3 IQ points), despite differences in age of testing and method of IQ/cognitive testing.  Four studies (n = 5644) reporting childhood cognitive outcomes of late preterm births (34 - 36 weeks) also differed in study design (cohort and case control); age of testing; and method of IQ testing, and found no differences in outcomes between late preterm and term births, although risk of bias was high in included studies. Conclusion:  Children born at 39-41 weeks have higher cognitive outcome scores compared to those born at early term (37-38 weeks).  This should be considered when discussing timing of delivery.  For children born late preterm, the data is scarce and when compared to full term (37-42 weeks) did not show any difference in IQ scores

A Diagnostic Case Study of a Young Man with Russell-Silver Syndrome and Associated Comorbidities

This is a case study of a young man diagnosed with Russell-Silver Syndrome or RSS for short (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man® Classification Number #180860) and associated comorbidities. The aim of this paper is to provide diagnostic information about the syndrome with its comorbidities so that educational therapists and other allied professionals working with such individuals will know what to look out for, especially the RSS-associated comorbidities, and in that way, they become better informed in order to know what offer in their Response to Intervention (RtI) for such individuals with RSS