759 research outputs found
Rethinking impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change - overview
The international workshop 'Rethinking Impact: Understanding the Complexity of Poverty and Change' (Cali, Colombia, 26-28 March 2008) explored the challenges inherent in evaluating agricultural research-for-development efforts, identifying lessons and approaches for sustainably improving livelihoods. Use-oriented research which links knowledge with action has greater welfare and development impacts. Researchers must help to link diverse stakeholders in order to create and share knowledge for effective, sustainable action. The legitimacy of such boundary-spanning work needs to be recognised and rewarded, and sufficient resources dedicated to it. Traditional economic-impact assessment does little justice to complex poverty-related activities, which require a diversity of methods and enhanced capacity
Rethinking impact: understanding the complexity of poverty and change
This paper presents six key issues from the Rethinking Impact: Understanding the complexity of poverty and change Workshop (RIW) held in Cali, Colombia, March 28, 2008. The workshop discussed how agricultural and natural-resources research can be more effective in generating solutions for poverty alleviation and improving gender, social inclusion and equity, and how such research can be brought into the mainstream and how its impact can be assessed. A diverse group of over 60 participants (42% women) from 33 organizations (54% CGIAR and 46% non-CGIAR) attended the meeting. In this paper, we do not purport to represent a consensus of opinion among this diverse group, but rather our perspectives as the meeting organizers. These Ăą take home messages were informed by an active dialogue before, during and after the meeting. We are associated most closely with the CGIAR and much of the discussion at the meeting was focused on the CGIAR. Therefore, the key issues are primarily oriented toward the CGIAR, but they would certainly be relevant to other organizations with similar goals and challenges
Understanding Soft Errors in Uncore Components
The effects of soft errors in processor cores have been widely studied.
However, little has been published about soft errors in uncore components, such
as memory subsystem and I/O controllers, of a System-on-a-Chip (SoC). In this
work, we study how soft errors in uncore components affect system-level
behaviors. We have created a new mixed-mode simulation platform that combines
simulators at two different levels of abstraction, and achieves 20,000x speedup
over RTL-only simulation. Using this platform, we present the first study of
the system-level impact of soft errors inside various uncore components of a
large-scale, multi-core SoC using the industrial-grade, open-source OpenSPARC
T2 SoC design. Our results show that soft errors in uncore components can
significantly impact system-level reliability. We also demonstrate that uncore
soft errors can create major challenges for traditional system-level checkpoint
recovery techniques. To overcome such recovery challenges, we present a new
replay recovery technique for uncore components belonging to the memory
subsystem. For the L2 cache controller and the DRAM controller components of
OpenSPARC T2, our new technique reduces the probability that an application run
fails to produce correct results due to soft errors by more than 100x with
3.32% and 6.09% chip-level area and power impact, respectively.Comment: to be published in Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Design Automation
Conferenc
Randomized assessment of imatinib in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis
BackgroundImatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has been shown to restore bloodĂą brain barrier integrity and reduce infarct size, haemorrhagic transformation and cerebral oedema in stroke models treated with tissue plasminogen activator. We evaluated the safety of imatinib, based on clinical and neuroradiological data, and its potential influence on neurological and functional outcomes.MethodsA phase II randomized trial was performed in patients with acute ischaemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis. A total of 60 patients were randomly assigned to four groups [3 (active): 1 (control)]; the active treatment groups received oral imatinib for 6 days at three dose levels (400, 600 and 800 mg). Primary outcome was any adverse event; secondary outcomes were haemorrhagic transformation, cerebral oedema, neurological severity on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at 7 days and at 3 months and functional outcomes on the modified Rankin scale (mRS).ResultsFour serious adverse events were reported, which resulted in three deaths (one in the control group and two in the 400Ăą mg dose group; one patient in the latter group did not receive active treatment and the other received two doses). Nonserious adverse events were mostly mild, resulting in full recovery. Imatinib ameliorated neurological outcomes with an improvement of 0.6 NIHSS points per 100 mg imatinib (P = 0.02). For the 800Ăą mg group, the mean unadjusted and adjusted NIHSS improvements were 4 (P = 0.037) and 5 points (P = 0.012), respectively, versus controls. Functional independence (mRS 0Ăą 2) increased by 18% versus controls (61 vs. 79; P = 0.296).ConclusionThis phase II study showed that imatinib is safe and tolerable and may reduce neurological disability in patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis after ischaemic stroke. A confirmatory randomized trial is currently underway.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136298/1/joim12576_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136298/2/joim12576.pd
Brain injury after cardiac arrest
Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier LtdAs more people are surviving cardiac arrest, focus needs to shift towards improving neurological outcomes and quality of life in survivors. Brain injury after resuscitation, a common sequela following cardiac arrest, ranges in severity from mild impairment to devastating brain injury and brainstem death. Effective strategies to minimise brain injury after resuscitation include early intervention with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation, restoration of normal physiology, and targeted temperature management. It is important to identify people who might have a poor outcome, to enable informed choices about continuation or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatments. Multimodal prediction guidelines seek to avoid premature withdrawal in those who might survive with a good neurological outcome, or prolonging treatment that might result in survival with severe disability. Approximately one in three admitted to intensive care will survive, many of whom will need intensive, tailored rehabilitation after discharge to have the best outcomes.Peer reviewe
A measurement of the differential cross section for the two-body photodisintegration of 3He at theta_LAB = 90deg using tagged photons in the energy range 14 -- 31 MeV
The two-body photodisintegration of 3He has been investigated using tagged
photons with energies from 14 -- 31 MeV at MAX-lab in Lund, Sweden. The
two-body breakup channel was unambiguously identified by the (nonsimultaneous)
detection of both protons and deuterons. This approach was made feasible by the
over-determined kinematic situation afforded by the tagged-photon technique.
Proton- and deuteron-energy spectra were measured using four silicon
surface-barrier detector telescopes located at a laboratory angle of 90deg with
respect to the incident photon-beam direction. Average statistical and
systematic uncertainties of 5.7% and 6.6% in the differential cross section
were obtained for 11 photon-energy bins with an average width of 1.2 MeV. The
results are compared to previous experimental data measured at comparable
photon energies as well as to the results of two recent Faddeev calculations
which employ realistic potential models and take into account three-nucleon
forces and final-state interactions. Both the accuracy and precision of the
present data are improved over the previous measurements. The data are in good
agreement with most of the previous results, and favor the inclusion of
three-nucleon forces in the calculations.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures; further Referee comments addresse
ArrayExpressâa public database of microarray experiments and gene expression profiles
ArrayExpress is a public database for high throughput functional genomics data. ArrayExpress consists of two partsâthe ArrayExpress Repository, which is a MIAME supportive public archive of microarray data, and the ArrayExpress Data Warehouse, which is a database of gene expression profiles selected from the repository and consistently re-annotated. Archived experiments can be queried by experiment attributes, such as keywords, species, array platform, authors, journals or accession numbers. Gene expression profiles can be queried by gene names and properties, such as Gene Ontology terms and gene expression profiles can be visualized. ArrayExpress is a rapidly growing database, currently it contains data from >50â000 hybridizations and >1â500â000 individual expression profiles. ArrayExpress supports community standards, including MIAME, MAGE-ML and more recently the proposal for a spreadsheet based data exchange format: MAGE-TAB. Availability:
NewâOnset Atrial Fibrillation is Associated With Cardiovascular Events Leading to Death in a First Time Myocardial Infarction Population of 89 703 Patients With LongâTerm FollowâUp:A Nationwide Study
BACKGROUND: Newâonset atrial fibrillation (AF) is reported to increase the risk of death in myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, previous studies have reported conflicting results and no data exist to explain the underlying cause of higher death rates in these patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: All patients with first acute MI between 1997 and 2009 in Denmark, without prior AF, were identified from Danish nationwide administrative registers. The impact of newâonset AF on allâcause mortality, cardiovascular death, fatal/nonfatal stroke, fatal/nonfatal reâinfarction and noncardiovascular death, were analyzed by multiple timeâdependent Cox models and additionally in propensity score matched analysis. In 89 703 patients with an average followâup of 5.0±3.5 years event rates were higher in patients developing AF (n=10 708) versus those staying in sinusârhythm (n=78 992): allâcause mortality 173.9 versus 69.4 per 1000 personâyears, cardiovascular death 137.2 versus 50.0 per 1000 personâyears, fatal/nonfatal stroke 19.6/19.9 versus 6.2/5.6 per 1000 personâyears, fatal/nonfatal reâinfarction 29.0/60.7 versus 14.2/37.9 per 1000 personâyears. In timeâdependent multiple Cox analyses, newâonset AF remained predictive of increased allâcause mortality (HR: 1.9 [95% CI: 1.8 to 2.0]), cardiovascular death (HR: 2.1 [2.0 to 2.2]), fatal/nonfatal stroke (HR: 2.3 [2.1 to 2.6]/HR: 2.5 [2.2 to 2.7]), fatal/nonfatal reâinfarction (HR: 1.7 [1.6 to 1.8]/HR: 1.8 [1.7 to 1.9]), and nonâ cardiovascular death (HR: 1.4 [1.3 to 1.5]) all P<0.001). Propensityâscore matched analyses yielded nearly identical results (all P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Newâonset AF after firstâtime MI is associated with increased mortality, which is largely explained by more cardiovascular deaths. Focus on the prognostic impact of postâinfarct AF is warranted
Baraba Waldsteppe, Russland. Westsibirien. Neues zu Andronovo-FundplÀtzen in der nördlichen Baraba Steppe. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2020 und 2021
The steppe and forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia is one of the core Âregions of the Eurasian continent. Among the sites in the Siberian Forest steppe, those of the Andronovo (FŃdorovo) cultural community occupy a Âspecial position. In the northern Baraba Forest steppe many burial sites of these communities are known, including the large necropolises of TartasâŻ1, a long-term joint excavation of the Eurasia-Department and the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology in Novosibirsk. However, nearly no settlements associated with the necropolises were known and it was a mystery, where the population lived at that time. In 2020, such an Andronovo (FŃdorovo) settlement site was discovered near the village of Vengerovo, Novosibirisk region; excavations started in 2021. The location of this site was surprising. Unlike other settlements, the site of TartasâŻ5 is located not on the riverbank but in the floodplain of the Tartas River. The site revealed a stratigraphy with two cultural horizons and sterile sediments in-between, stemming from Ârepeated flooding of the plain. The lower stratum is associated with the ÂAndronovo (FŃdorovo) cultural community, the upper layer dates most likely to the IronâŻAge. A short overview of complexes, layers, and the animal boneâŻcollection analyzed in 2021 is given. First dates place into the 15th/14thâŻÂcenturyâŻBCE
- âŠ