“I screamed for help”: A single case study of one sister’s experiences with formal psychiatric care when her brother became mentally ill

Studies have shown that the quality of the rela- tionship between siblings has great significance for the mentally ill sibling’s overall quality of life. Sibling relationships may be particularly impor- tant because few adults with severe mental ill- ness have children. As parents grow older, adult children are expected to support their sibling with mental illness when their parents are no longer able to do so. The sibling relationship has the potential to be one of the most significant relationships for adults with schizophrenia. The aim of this paper is to present a case study of a sister’s experiences and needs in her contact with psychiatric care. This single case study was designed and the informant was recruited be- cause of her value in maximizing what we can learn about being a sibling to a person with mental illness. Data were collected through four in-depth, semi-structured, repeated interviews during a two-year period, and were interpreted and analyzed through content analysis. Three ma- jor topics were discussed: 1) Anna’s brother’s time with formal psychiatric care; 2) Anna’s feel- ings and emotions; and 3) Anna’s view of her contact with psychiatric care. The findings indi- cated a sibling’s need for attention, support, and understanding from the formal caregivers. Parti- cipation in our study was one of the first oppor- tunities she had to talk about her relationship with formal psychiatric care. An open dialogue may help siblings to manage their situations

Kotimaiset tiedejulkaisut avoimiksi

Journal.fi-portaali on Tieteellisten seurain valtuuskunnan tarjoama palvelu, jota kotimaiset tieteelliset seurat voivat käyttää lehtiensä toimittamiseen ja julkaisemiseen. Palvelu sisältää tällä hetkellä noin 50 eri tieteenalojen lehteä, joistasuurin osa on avoimia eli ilmaiseksi ladattavissa ja luettavissa. Palvelu avattiin tammikuussa 2017

Changes of tau profiles in brains of the hamsters infected with scrapie strains 263 K or 139 A possibly associated with the alteration of phosphate kinases

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Phospho-tau deposition has been described in a rare genetic human prion disease, Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, but is not common neuropathological picture for other human and animal transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). This study investigated the possible changes of tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau, at Ser396, Ser404, and Ser202/Thr205) in scrapie experimental animals.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The profiles of tau and p-tau (p-tau, at Ser396, Ser404, and Ser202/Thr205) in the brain tissues of agents 263K- or 139A-infected hamsters were evaluated by Western blots and real-time PCR. Meanwhile, the transcriptional and expressive levels of GSK3β and CDK5 in the brains were tested.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The contents of total tau and p-tau at Ser202/Thr205 increased, but p-tau at Ser396 and Ser404 decreased at the terminal stages, regardless of scrapie strains. Transcriptional levels of two tau isoforms were also increased. Additionally, it showed higher CDK5, but lower GSK3β transcriptional and expressive levels in the brains of scrapie-infected animals. Analysis of brain samples collected from different times after inoculated with agent 263 K revealed that the changes of tau profiles and phosphate kinases were time-relative events.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that changes of profiles of p-tau at Ser396, Ser404 and Ser202/Thr205 are illness-correlative phenomena in TSEs, which may arise of the alteration of phosphate kinases. Alteration of tau, p-tau (Ser396, Ser404, and Ser202/Thr205), GSK3β and CDK5 were either intermediate or consequent events in TSE pathogenesis and proposed the potential linkage of these bioactive proteins with the pathogenesis of prion diseases.</p

Molecular mechanisms regulating exocytosis : Studies of insulin secretion and neurotransmitter release

In order to achieve normal physiology the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters needs to be firmly controlled. The basic molecular machinery mediating regulated exocytosis of hormones and neurotransmitters is in principal revealed, but knowledge about how the individual components are spatially and temporarily coordinated is limited. This thesis was primarily aimed to clarify molecular mechanisms that modulate insulin secretion, with the emphasis on protein phosphorylation, but it also aimed to compare the regulation of related secretory machineries responsible for secretory granule and synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) associated with either p35 or p39 forms a multifunctional kinase that is primarily expressed in neurons. Cdk5 was identified in pancreatic ?-cells where it functions as a positive regulator of insulin secretion. Although ?-cells expressed both of the identified Cdk5 regulatory subunits, only Cdk5, activated by p39, enhanced insulin secretion. Co-expression of Cdk5, p35 or p39 with munc18-1, mutated in potential phosphorylation sites, revealed that Cdk5/p39 activity facilitated secretion by phosphorylating the syntaxin 1 interacting protein munc18-1. The role of Cdk5 activity in spontaneous neurotransmitter release and in functional synapse formation was examined using the neuroblastoma/glioma cell line NG108-15, which when co-cultured with myotubes form cholinergic synapses. NG108-15 cells endogenously expressed Cdk5 and both of its activators. In contrast to the ?-cell, which predominantly expressed the p39 activator, the NG108-15 cell mainly expressed the p35 protein. NG108-15 cells overexpressing a dominant negative mutant of Cdk5 showed a reduced mEPP frequency and had less ability to form functional synaptic-like structures with muscle cells as compared to non-transfected cells. Overexpression of either Cdk5/p35 or Cdk5/p39 enhanced both the mEPP frequency and functional synapse formation to a similar extent, indicating that Cdk5 activity facilitated spontaneous neurotransmitter release as well as functional synapse formation in NG108-15 cells. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is regarded as an important regulator of insulin exocytosis, but regulation of its activity in ?-cells is unknown. RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry revealed expression of the endogenous PP1 inhibitors DARPP-32 and inhibitor-1 in ?-cells, suggesting a potential role for DARPP-32 and inhibitor-1 in the regulation of PP1 activity in signal transduction and insulin exocytosis

Rhythm and Balance in Sculpture and Poetry

Rhythm might stand for the contrast between balance and movement, rest andconflict, in a piece of art. In this paper, we show that rhythm works as an organizingpower as well as a producer of meaning. Both characteristics relate to the fact thatrhythms activate internalized bodily experiences. Lena Hopsch has the perspective ofproducing art, and Eva Lilja forwards the perspective of academic reception analysis.The concept of rhythm is basic in all forms of art. It is common in descriptionsof music, poetry, sculpture and painting. Sometimes rhythm seems to be too broad aconcept to really tell anything important about a piece of art. Certainly there is needfor a definition. Here, we explore aesthetic rhythm as a tool for a better understandingof two art forms: sculpture and poetry. We consider rhythm as a form of perceptionthat governs both the experience and the production of artifacts. Our tool is cognitive theory, especially the field of embodiment research

Embodied Rhythm in Space and Time: A Poem and a Sculpture

In this article, we outline the concept of aesthetic rhythm as an embodied lived experience. We investigate the temporal rhythms of a poem by Seamus Heaney and the spatial rhythms of a sculpture by Lena Hopsch, discussing similarities and differences between the two modalities. Previous research on aesthetic rhythm has mostly focused on meter, but here we use a broader concept of rhythm as we refer to - pre-metered forms from classical antiquity. Aesthetic rhythm in an artwork is described as a play with proportions in time and space. Rhythm continuously stages bodily experiences of balance and direction. We develop the embodiment perspective of Maurice Merleau-Ponty as well as Mark Johnson\u27s concept of image schema. The schemas are shown to be premodal as rhythms function the same in temporal and spatial artworks. We also demonstrate a model for interpretation, developed out of the rhythms of the artifact