Haemoglobin and anaelia in the SMART Study

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

Magnitude and quality of cytokine and chemokine storm during acute infection distinguish nonprogressive and progressive simian immunodeficiency virus infections of nonhuman primates

Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represents a period of intense immune perturbation and activation of the host immune system. Study of the eclipse and viral expansion phases of infection is difficult in humans, but studies in nonprogressive and progressive nonhuman primate (NHP) infection models can provide significant insight into critical events occurring during this time. Cytokines, chemokines, and other soluble immune factors were measured in longitudinal samples from rhesus macaques infected with either SIVmac251 (progressive infection) or SIVmac239Înef (attenuated/nonprogressive infection) and from African green monkeys infected with SIVsab9315BR (nonpathogenic infection). Levels of acute-phase peak viral replication were highest in SIVmac251 infection but correlated positively with viremia at 3 months postinfection in all three infection models. SIVmac251 infection was associated with stronger corresponding acute-phase cytokine/chemokine respon ses than the nonprogressive infections. The production of interleukin 15 (IL-15), IL-18, gamma interferon (IFN-γ), granulocyte colony- stimulating factor (G-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP- 1β), and serum amyloid A protein (SAA) during acute SIVmac251 infection, but not during SIVmac239Înef or SIVsab9315BR infection, correlated positively with chronic viremia at 3 months postinfection. Acute-phase production of MCP-1 correlated with viremia at 3 months postinfection in both nonprogressive infections. Finally, a positive correlation between the acute-phase area under the curve (AUC) for IL-6 and soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and chronic viremia was observed only for the nonprogressive infection models. While we observed dynamic acute inflammatory immune responses in both progressive and nonprogressive SIV infections, the responses in the nonprogressive infections were not only lower in magnitude but also qualitatively different biomarkers o

Refined relationship between extended Rydberg and generalized Morse functions for a special class of diatoms

10.1007/s10582-006-0076-8Czechoslovak Journal of Physics562149-15

Socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection in HIV-1-explosed but uninfected individuals, and in HIV-1-infected patients from a southern brasilian population Características sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas associadas com a infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana tipo 1 (HIV-1) em indivíduos expostos ao HIV-1 mas não infectados e em pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1, provenientes da população da região Sul do Brasil

The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of the disease is regulated by host and viral factors. This cross-sectional study describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection in 1,061 subjects attended in Londrina and region, south of Brazil: 136 healthy individuals (Group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected individuals (Group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (Group 3), and 617 patients with AIDS (Group 4). Data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire and serological tests. The age of the individuals ranged from 15.1 to 79.5 years, 54.0% and 56.1% of the Groups 3 and 4 patients, respectively, were men. The major features of groups 2, 3, and 4 were a predominance of education level up to secondary school (55.8%, 60.2% and 62.4%, respectively), sexual route of exposure (88.4%, 87.0% and 82.0%, respectively), heterosexual behavior (91.8%, 75.2% and 83.7%, respectively), and previous sexually transmitted diseases (20.4%, 32.5%, and 38.1%, respectively). The patients with AIDS showed the highest rates of seropositivity for syphilis (25.6%), of anti-HCV (22.3%), and anti-HTLV I/II obtained by two serological screening tests (6.2% and 6.8%, respectively). The results documenting the predominant characteristics for HIV-1 infection among residents of Londrina and region, could be useful for the improvement of current HIV-1 prevention, monitoring and therapeutic programs targeted at this population.<br>Este estudo transversal descreve as principais características sociodemográficas e epidemiológicas associadas com a infecção pelo HIV-1 em 1.061 indivíduos atendidos em Londrina e região, Sul do Brasil: 136 indivíduos saudáveis (Grupo 1), 147 indivíduos expostos ao HIV-1 mas não infectados (Grupo 2), 161 pacientes infectados pelo HIV-1 assintomáticos (Grupo 3) e 617 pacientes com aids (Grupo 4). Os dados foram obtidos pela aplicação de um questionário padronizado e realização de testes sorológicos. A idade dos indivíduos variou de 15,1 a 79,5 anos; 54,0% e 56,1% dos pacientes dos Grupos 3 e 4, respectivamente, eram homens. As principais características dos indivíduos dos Grupos 2, 3 e 4 foram o predomínio do nível educacional com até oito anos de escolaridade (58,8%, 60,2% e 62,4%, respectivamente), a via sexual de transmissão (88,4%, 87,0% e 82,0%, respectivamente), o comportamento heterossexual (91,8%, 75,2% e 83,7%, respectivamente) e antecedentes de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis (20,4%, 32,5% e 38,1%, respectivamente). Os pacientes com aids apresentaram os valores mais elevados de soropositividade para sífilis (25,6%), anti-HCV (22,3%) e anti-HTLV I/II em dois testes de triagem sorológica (6,2% e 6,8%, respectivamente). Os resultados documentando as características predominantes associadas com a infecção pelo HIV-1 observada nos indivíduos de Londrina e região, poderá ser útil na melhoria dos atuais programas de prevenção, monitoramento e de tratamento da infecção pelo HIV-1 dirigidos a esta população