190 research outputs found
Chronobiopsychosocial perspectives of old age major depression: A randomized placebo controlled trial with bright light
Hoogendijk, W.J.G. [Promotor]Beekman, A.T.F. [Promotor
The effect of guideline revisions on vascular complications of type 2 diabetes
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of implementation and revision of the âDiabetes Mellitus type IIâ guideline by the Dutch College of General Practitioners (DCGP) on the prevalence and incidence of macrovascular and microvascular complications. Methods: The DiaGene study is a case-control study (n = 1886 patients of type 2 diabetes) with extensive, retrospectively collected complication data, as well as prospective follow up of complications. The study incorporates all lines of diabetes care. Cases were divided into categories according to the date of onset of diabetes and publication dates of the DCGP. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between guideline version and complications. To investigate a possible trend between guideline version and complications, the âguideline categoryâ was also used as a continuous variable. All models were adjusted for clinical covariables. Results: The 1999 and 2006 guidelines versions were associated with significantly lower risk of retinopathy than the group that started without a guideline [OR 0.32 (95% CI 0.14â0.72, p = 0.006) and 0.31 (95% CI 0.11â0.91, p = 0.034), respectively]. A significant trend in reduction of peripheral artery disease (PAD) over the guideline versions was found, adjusted for age, sex and diabetes duration (odds ratio (OR) 0.70, 95% CI 0.51-0.97, p trend = 0.029) and for retinopathy in all models (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.37-0.73, p trend < 0.001). Conclusions: The introduction of the first diabetes guideline and subsequent revisions have reduced the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes, most strongly in diabetic retinopathy. This indicates that real-time diabetes care has improved over time
Association of the IgG N-glycome with the course of kidney function in type 2 diabetes
Introduction Inflammatory processes are thought to
be involved in kidney function decline in individuals
with type 2 diabetes. Glycosylation of immunoglobulin G
(IgG) is an important post-translation process affecting
the inflammatory potential of IgG. We investigated the
prospective relationship between IgG N-glycosylation
patterns and kidney function in type 2 diabetes.
Research design and methods In the DiaGene study,
an all-lines-of-care caseâcontrol study (n=1886) with
mean prospective follow-up of 7.0 years, the association
between 58 IgG N-glycan profiles and estimated
glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine
ratio (ACR) per year and during total follow-up was
analyzed. Models were adjusted for clinical variables and
multiple comparisons.
Results Eleven traits were significantly associated with
eGFR change per year. Bisecting GlcNAc in fucosylated and
fucosylated disialylated structures and monosialylation of
fucosylated digalactosylated structures were associated
with a faster decrease of eGFR. Fucosylation of neutral and
monogalactosylated structures was associated with less
eGFR decline per year. No significant associations between
IgG glycans and ACR were found.
Conclusions In type 2 diabetes, we found IgG Nglycosylation patterns associated with a faster decline
of kidney function, reflecting a pro-inflammatory state of
IgG. eGFR, but not ACR, was associated with IgG glycans,
which suggests these associations may represent renal
macroangiopathy rather than microvascular disease
Breakfast partly restores the anti-inflammatory function of high-density lipoproteins from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: High-density lipoproteins (HDL) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have impaired anti-inflammatory activities. The anti-inflammatory activity of HDL has been determined ex vivo after isolation by different methods from blood mostly obtained after overnight fasting. We first determined the effect of the HDL isolation method, and subsequently the effect of food intake on the anti-inflammatory function of HDL from T2DM patients. METHODS: Blood was collected from healthy controls and T2DM patients after an overnight fast, and from T2DM patients 3 h after breakfast (n = 17 each). HDL was isolated by a two-step density gradient ultracentrifugation in iodixanol (HDL(DGUC2)), by sequential salt density flotation (HDL(SEQ)) or by PEG precipitation (HDL(PEG)). The anti-inflammatory function of HDL was determined by the reduction of the TNFα-induced expression of VCAM-1 in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) and retinal endothelial cells (REC). RESULTS: HDL isolated by the three different methods from healthy controls inhibited TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCAEC. With apoA-I at 0.7 ΌM, HDL(DGUC2) and HDL(SEQ) were similarly effective (16% versus 14% reduction; n = 3; p > 0.05) but less effective than HDL(PEG) (28%, p < 0.05). Since ultracentrifugation removes most of the unbound plasma proteins, we used HDL(DGUC2) for further experiments. With apoA-I at 3.2 ΌM, HDL from fasting healthy controls and T2DM patients reduced TNFα-induced VCAM-1 expression in HCAEC by 58 ± 13% and 51 ± 20%, respectively (p = 0.35), and in REC by 42 ± 13% and 25 ± 18%, respectively (p < 0.05). Compared to preprandial HDL, postprandial HDL from T2DM patients reduced VCAM-1 expression by 56 ± 16% (paired test: p < 0.001) in HCAEC and by 34 ± 13% (paired test: p < 0.05) in REC. CONCLUSIONS: The ex vivo anti-inflammatory activity of HDL is affected by the HDL isolation method. Two-step ultracentrifugation in an iodixanol gradient is a suitable method for HDL isolation when testing HDL anti-inflammatory function. The anti-inflammatory activity of HDL from overnight fasted T2DM patients is significantly impaired in REC but not in HCAEC. The anti-inflammatory function of HDL is partly restored by food intake
Integrating isotopes and documentary evidence : dietary patterns in a late medieval and early modern mining community, Sweden
We would like to thank the Archaeological Research Laboratory, Stockholm University, Sweden and the Tandem Laboratory (Ă
ngström Laboratory), Uppsala University, Sweden, for undertaking the analyses of stable nitrogen and carbon isotopes in both human and animal collagen samples. Also, thanks to Elin Ahlin Sundman for providing the ÎŽ13C and ÎŽ15N values for animal references from VĂ€sterĂ„s. This research (BĂ€ckströmâs PhD employment at Lund University, Sweden) was supported by the Berit Wallenberg Foundation (BWS 2010.0176) and Jakob and Johan Söderbergâs foundation. The âSala projectâ (excavations and analyses) has been funded by Riksens Clenodium, Jernkontoret, Birgit and Gad Rausingâs Foundation, SAUâs Research Foundation, the Royal Physiographic Society of Lund, Berit Wallenbergs Foundation, Ă
ke Wibergs Foundation, Lars Hiertas Memory, Helge Ax:son Johnsonâs Foundation and The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.Peer reviewedPublisher PD
The Impact of Insulin Pump Therapy on Glycemic Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: Data from the OpT2mise Study
Background: The OpT2mise randomized trial was designed to compare the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI) on glucose profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. Research Design and Methods: Patients with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of â„8% (64 mmol/mol) and â€12% (108 mmol/mol) despite insulin doses of 0.7-1.8 U/kg/day via MDI were randomized to CSII (n=168) or continued MDI (n=163). Changes in glucose profiles were evaluated using continuous glucose monitoring data collected over 6-day periods before and 6 months after randomization. Results: After 6 months, reductions in HbA1c levels were significantly greater with CSII (-1.1±1.2% [-12.0±13.1 mmol/mol]) than with MDI (-0.4±1.1% [-4.4±12.0 mmol/mol]) (P<0.001). Similarly, compared with patients receiving MDI, those receiving CSII showed significantly greater reductions in 24-h mean sensor glucose (SG) (treatment difference, -17.1 mg/dL; P=0.0023), less exposure to SG >180 mg/dL (-12.4%; P=0.0004) and SG >250 mg/dL (-5.5%; P=0.0153), and more time in the SG range of 70-180 mg/dL (12.3%; P=0.0002), with no differences in exposure to SG<70 mg/dL or in glucose variability. Changes in postprandial (4-h) glucose area under the curve >180 mg/dL were significantly greater with CSII than with MDI after breakfast (-775.9±1,441.2 mg/dL/min vs. -160.7±1,074.1 mg/dL/min; P=0.0015) and after dinner (-731.4±1,580.7 mg/dL/min vs. -71.1±1,083.5 mg/dL/min; P=0.0014). Conclusions: In patients with suboptimally controlled type 2 diabetes, CSII significantly improves selected glucometrics, compared with MDI, without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia
The relation between depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder: Results from a large, naturalistic follow-up study
Objective Despite the frequent occurrence of depressive symptoms in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), little is known about the reciprocal influence between depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the course of the disease. The aim of the present study is to investigate the longitudinal relationship between obsessive-compulsive and depressive symptoms in OCD patients. Method We used the baseline and 1-year follow-up data of the Netherlands Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Association (NOCDA) study. In 276 patients with a lifetime diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were assessed at baseline and at one-year follow-up with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Symptom (Y-BOCS) scale. Relations were investigated using a cross-lagged panel design. Results The association between the severity of depressive symptoms at baseline and obsessive-compulsive symptoms at follow-up was significant (ÎČ=0.244, p<0.001), while the association between the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms at baseline and depressive symptoms at follow-up was not (ÎČ=0.097, p=0.060). Replication of the analyses in subgroups with and without current comorbid major depressive disorder (MDD) and subgroups with different sequence of onset (primary versus secondary MDD) revealed the same results. Limitations There may be other factors, which affect both depressive and obsessive-compulsive symptoms that were not assessed in the present study. Conclusion The present study demonstrates a relation between depressive symptoms and the course of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in OCD patients, irrespective of a current diagnosis of MDD and the sequence of onset of OCD and MDD
Short-term influence of cataract surgery on circadian biological rhythm and related health outcomes (CLOCK-IOL trial): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
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