A new Light on Lung Disease in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare congenital anomaly of the diaphragm with an incidence of approximately 1 per 2500 births. Typically, the abdominal organs will herniate into the chest cavity, with resulting maldevelopment of the alveoli and pulmonary vessels. The defect is usually – reportedly in 84% of the cases – located on the left side of the diaphragm. Right-sided CDH and bilateral CDH, which occur in 14% and 2% of cases, are associated with a worse prognosis. CDH can present as an isolated defect or in combination with other congenital anomalies, such as congenital heart disease or chromosomal anomalies. The condition may be life threatening and key determinants of mortality are the severity of pulmonary hypoplasia and the presence of therapy resistant pulmonary hypertension. Smaller number and generations of airways, thickened alveolar septa, and abnormal architecture of the respiratory acinus characterize pulmonary hypoplasia. Pulmonary hypertension may result from medial hyperplasia and adventitial thickening associated with under- and maldevelopment of the pulmonary vessels. Although survival rates have improved over the years, mortality rates in live-born patients still range from 10-35%, depending on case selection. Moreover, surviving neonates carry a substantial risk of developing secondary morbidity, such as cardiopulmonary, gastro-intestinal and neurological problems

Pengaruh Jangka Pendek Job Insecurity Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan Outsourcing Di PT. Askes (Persero) Kantor Pusat

The aim of this study is to measure the contribution of job insecurity and compensation to work satisfaction in outsourcing employee at PT Askes (Persero) main office. This is a quantitative research using multiple regression for the data analysis. This research has 164 participants consist of teachers, security officers, cleaning service officers, meeting maids and drivers. The result shows that job insecurity and compensation have contribution to work satisfaction as much as 42.1%. Based on categorization, participant's work satisfaction and job insecurity are in the moderate level, but the compensation is in the high level

Harga Diri, Orientasi Kontrol, Dan Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji hubungan antara harga diri, dan orientasi kontrol (locus of control) secara terpisah dan secara bersama-sama dengan kepuasan kerja. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT X, sebuah Perusahaan perkebunan dengan kantor pusat di Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan pendekatan korelasional. Responden penelitian dipilih dengan sampling secukupnya terhadap karyawan staf dan bukan staf. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif antara harga diri dengan kepuasan kerja (0.416) namun tidak dapat mengungkap hubungan harga diri dan orientasi kontrol secara bersama dengan kepuasan kerja karena hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara orientasi kontrol dengan kepuasan kerja

Honesty Is Not Always the Best Policy:The Role of Self-Esteem Based on Others’ Approval in Qualifying the Relationship Between Leader Transparency and Follower Voice

In this article, we integrate social exchange theory with insights from contingent self-esteem to explain why leader transparency (LT) might not always be reciprocated by enhanced follower voice. We theorize that when leaders are transparent, they initiate a social process that offers the exchange of honesty by signaling that the work environment is psychologically safe enough for followers to express their opinions in return. Yet, for individuals whose self-esteem fragilely relies on the approval of others (i.e., self-esteem based on others’ approval), reciprocating transparent communication is more difficult because speaking up exposes their self-worth to the potential for rejection. We test our model at the individual and team level. In Study 1 (individual level), we find that LT is positively related to follower self-rated voice one-month later through enhanced follower psychological safety, but only when follower self-esteem based on others’ approval is low as opposed to high. In Study 2 (team level), we find that team LT is positively related to leader-rated team voice six-months later through team psychological safety; however, only when team level self-esteem based on others’ approval is low, but not high. These results underscore that leader transparency can be reciprocated with enhanced follower voice, but only when followers have secure and stable self-esteem.</p

Honesty Is Not Always the Best Policy:The Role of Self-Esteem Based on Others’ Approval in Qualifying the Relationship Between Leader Transparency and Follower Voice

In this article, we integrate social exchange theory with insights from contingent self-esteem to explain why leader transparency (LT) might not always be reciprocated by enhanced follower voice. We theorize that when leaders are transparent, they initiate a social process that offers the exchange of honesty by signaling that the work environment is psychologically safe enough for followers to express their opinions in return. Yet, for individuals whose self-esteem fragilely relies on the approval of others (i.e., self-esteem based on others’ approval), reciprocating transparent communication is more difficult because speaking up exposes their self-worth to the potential for rejection. We test our model at the individual and team level. In Study 1 (individual level), we find that LT is positively related to follower self-rated voice one-month later through enhanced follower psychological safety, but only when follower self-esteem based on others’ approval is low as opposed to high. In Study 2 (team level), we find that team LT is positively related to leader-rated team voice six-months later through team psychological safety; however, only when team level self-esteem based on others’ approval is low, but not high. These results underscore that leader transparency can be reciprocated with enhanced follower voice, but only when followers have secure and stable self-esteem.</p

Cerebellar Involvement in Ataxia and Generalized Epilepsy

__Abstract__ The work described in this thesis was performed in order to elucidate the role of different cerebellar modules in ataxia and generalized epilepsy using various techniques including in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics, pharmacological interventions, immunohistology and behavioral measurements. The majority of experiments were executed in mice with mutations in the Cacna1a gene which encodes the poreforming subunit of Cav2.1 calcium channels. Expression of this gene is particularly high in the cerebellum and mutations or ablation of this gene can result in cerebellar ataxia, dystonia and generalized epilepsy. In Chapter 2 we showed that PC specific deletion of this gene is sufficient to cause cerebellar ataxia and widespread PC degeneration. Interestingly, the ataxic phenotype became apparent well before any morphological or degenerative changes occurred. This suggests that, in line with other studies, aberrant PC activity rather than PC atrophy or morphological anomalies may play a crucial role in cerebellar ataxia. Next we investigated potential cerebellar involvement in generalized epilepsy using a global Cacna1a mutant (tottering) and tested whether manipulation of either cerebellar nuclei or cerebellar cortex activity could influence seizure occurrence. In Chapters 3 and 5 we demonstrate that both CN neurons and PCs show GSWD related firing pattern modulation. Furthermore, whereas pharmacological manipulation of CN activity had a pronounced impact on seizure occurrence, stopping action potential firing in a large area of the cerebellar cortex had no impact on GSWD occurrence. Considering the promising effects of these pharmacological interventions in the CN, we next described the use of a closed-loop seizure detection and stimulation system with the aim of disrupting epileptic thalamocortical activity through optogenetic CN stimulation in Chapters 3 and 4. We showed that this form of on-demand neurostimulation is highly effective and stopped 75-100% of the seizures within a few hundred milliseconds. To exclude specificity of these results for this particular mouse model we confirmed our main outcomes in an unrelated absence epilepsy mouse model. In Chapter 6 we discuss potential mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological and optogenetic CN modulation and found that thalamic neurons indeed showed a change in activity upon CN manipulations. Chapter 7 provided conclusive remarks and a discussion of the implications of these results and suggestions for future research

Characterization of Food Waste from a Campus Canteen as Potential Feedstock for Biogas Production

Food waste collected from the Ubaya canteen was characterized for its potential for use as anaerobic feedstock. It was collected for 3 weeks on a daily basis and treated with 2 different pretreatments, i.e. mechanic and mechanic-thermal. The result showed that the physical and chemical properties of the food waste in the 3-week time period of collecting were not significantly different for both pretreatments. The VS/TS ratio was around 96.4% to 97.076% and C/N was in the range of 17.295 to 17.813 for the mechanic and mechanic-thermal treatments. Four semi-batch mesophilic anaerobic digesters were used in this study, with 1.215 gVS/L fed once (R1) and twice daily (R3); 2.43 gVS/L fed once (R2) and twice daily (R4). The maximum methane yield was determined to be 64.61 mL/gVS in R1 after 5 days of incubation and 57.41 mL/gVS in R3 after 4 days of incubation. Systems R2 and R4 showed maximum methane yields of 43.15 mL/gVS and 19.1 mL/gVS respectively

Population-based screening for colorectal cancer

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) shows considerable geographical differences around the world. The highest incidence rates are mainly seen in the Western world including North America, Australia/New Zealand, Western Europe, and Japan. Development countries report the lowest incidence rates. In Europe, CRC is the second most common diagnosed cancer in women and third in men (13% of all cancer cases in both women and men). Incidence rates are somewhat higher in men (1.2:1.0). The lifetime incidence of CRC in patients at average risk is approximately five percent. Incidence rates show demographic disparities over the last decades, with a gradual increase in South/Eastern Europe, stabilising numbers in North and West Europe, and a declining trend in the United States. Age is a major risk factor for the development of CRC. CRC rarely develops before the age of 40 (IKC), except in patients with a genetic predisposition. Incidence rates rapidly increase beyond the age of 50. In Europe, CRC ranked second (12% of all cancer related mortality) in terms of cancer related mortality 1, despite the significant increase in five-year survival in the last two decades. This improvement was in particular due to resection of rectal cancer with sharp dissection of the mesorectum en bloc with the rectum (total mesorectal excision) combined with pre-operative radiotherapy, and usage of new chemotherapeutic agents in various combinations. Additionally, improvement in outcome can be attributed to detection of the disease at an earlier stage due to screening and surveillance programmes

Surgical Menopause and Bilateral Oophorectomy:Effect of Estrogen-Progesterone and Testosterone Replacement Therapy on Psychological Well-being and Sexual Functioning; A Systematic Literature Review

Background: Besides experiencing vasomotor symptoms, after surgical menopause and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), women experience moderate to severe psychological and sexual symptoms. Aims: To systematically review and meta-analyze the effect of systemic hormone replacement therapy (sHRT) on psychological well-being and sexual functioning in women after surgical menopause and BSO. Methods: Medline/Pubmed, EMBASE and PsychInfo were systematically searched until November 2021. Randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of sHRT on psychological well-being and/or sexual functioning in surgically menopausal women and women after BSO were eligible for inclusion. Two independent authors performed study selection, risk of bias assessment and data extraction. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated. Outcomes: Primary outcomes for psychological well-being were defined as overall psychological well-being, depression, and anxiety. Primary outcomes for sexual functioning were defined as overall sexual functioning, sexual desire, and sexual satisfaction. All outcomes were assessed on short (≤12 weeks) or medium term (13–26 weeks). Results: Twelve studies were included. Estradiol had a beneficial effect on depressed mood on short term 3–6 years after surgery or 2 years (median) after surgery with high heterogeneity (SMD: −1.37, 95%CI: −2.38 to −0.37, P = .007, I2 79%). Testosterone had a beneficial effect on overall sexual functioning on short to medium term 4.6 years (mean) after surgery (SMD 0.38, 95%CI 0.11–0.65, I2 0%) and on sexual desire on medium term at least 3–12 months after surgery (SMD 0.38, 95%CI 0.19–0.56, I2 54%). For most studies, risk of bias was uncertain. Clinical implications: Estradiol may beneficially affect psychological symptoms after surgical menopause or BSO and testosterone might improve sexual desire and overall sexual functioning. Strengths and limitations: This review only included patient-reported outcomes, thereby reflected perceived and not simply objective symptoms in surgically menopausal women and women after BSO. The small number of studies highly varied in nature and bias could not be excluded, therefore our results should be interpreted with great caution. Conclusion: Independent randomized controlled clinical trials investigating the effects of estrogen-progesterone and testosterone on psychological and sexual symptoms after surgical menopause are needed. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019136698

Irradiance footprint of phototherapy devices:a comparative study

Background Phototherapy (PT) is the standard treatment of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The irradiance footprint, i.e., the illuminated area by the PT device with sufficient spectral irradiance, is essential for PT to be effective. Irradiance footprint measurements are not performed in current clinical practice. We describe a user-friendly method to systematically evaluate the high spectral irradiance (HSI) footprint (illuminated area with spectral irradiance of >= 30 mu W cm(-2) nm(-1)) of PT devices in clinical practice. Materials and methods Six commercially available LED-based overhead PT devices were evaluated in overhead configuration with an incubator. Spectral irradiance (mu W cm(-2) nm(-1)) and HSI footprint were measured with a radiospectrometer (BiliBlanket Meter II). Results The average measured spectral irradiance ranged between 27 and 52 mu W cm(-2) nm(-1) and HSI footprint ranged between 67 and 1465 cm(2), respectively. Three, two, and one PT devices out of six covered the average BSA of an infant born at 22, 26-32, and 40 weeks of gestation, respectively. Conclusion Spectral irradiance of LED-based overhead PT devices is often lower than manufacturer's specifications, and HSI footprints not always cover the average BSA of a newborn infant. The proposed measurement method will contribute to awareness of the importance of irradiance level as well as footprint measurements in the management of neonatal jaundice. Impact While a sufficient spectral irradiance footprint is essential for PT to be effective, some PT devices have spectral irradiance footprints that are too small to cover the entire body surface area (BSA) of a newborn infant. This study introduces a user-friendly, accessible method to systematically evaluate the spectral irradiance level and footprint of PT devices. This study supports awareness on the role of the spectral irradiance footprint in the efficacy of PT devices. Irradiance footprint can be easily measured during phototherapy with the proposed method