Representing ideal kinship in Medieval English literature before and after the Norman Conquest

Medieval English literature is often concerned with kingship, its duties, and its effects. Writers used their texts to reflect on and respond to contemporary political issues, and debated the nature of kingship extensively. This thesis explores the development of conceptions of kingship through four case studies, each centring on a specific text or group of texts: Beowulf, the Alfredian Group, twelfth-century Arthurian literature, and Havelok the Dane. This thesis argues that ideas about kingship expressed in these texts often built on the (re-imagined) past in order to comment on present-day issues concerning rulership. As a result, narratives of kingship formed part of an on-going dialogue between these authors, their contemporary contexts, the past, and a desired future. While the Norman Conquest of 1066 resulted in significant discontinuity in cultural and political life in England, it did not provide a clean break with the preConquest past. Indeed, the Anglo-Norman elite and their authors demonstrated great interest in their predecessors and in the land they had conquered. Twelfth- and thirteenthcentury vernacular literature stands testament to this interest, and demonstrates continuities in notions of kingship that can be traced to pre-Conquest texts such as Beowulf. This thesis argues, then, that earlier conceptions of kingship did not cease to exist with the Norman Conquest; the arrival of the Normans did not constitute the implementation of a new ideal of kingship. Instead, pre-Conquest ideas about rulership were reshaped and adapted to suit new audiences, and with different aims. This thesis demonstrates that these developments emphasise the versatility of medieval English literature in reflecting on and responding to emerging and shifting narratives of kingship

Preliminary Investigation of the Ground-Water Resources of Baxter, Fulton, Izard and Sharp Counties, Arkansas

One hundred and seventy-seven drillers\u27 well reports were used to investigate the groundwater resources of Baxter, Fulton, Izard, and Sharp counties. The most widely utilized aquifer zone is composed of the Cotter and Jefferson City dolomites. The well depths range from 30 to 740 ft. with a mean and median of 264 and 225 ft., respectively. The drillers\u27 yield estimates range from 1 to 50 gpm with a mean of 12.0 gpm and a median of 10 gpm. The piezometric surface has an average hydraulic gradient of 9 ft./mile with groundwater discharge occurring along the Spring and White Rivers. Overlying the Cotter-Jefferson City aquifer is the Powell Dolomite aquifer. Well depths range from 43 to 275 ft. with a mean and median of 137 and 114 ft., respectively. Driller estimated yields range from 7 to 40 gpm with a mean and median of 18 and 15 gpm, respectively. The Everton Aquifer is composed of a complex series of interfingering sandstones and carbonate layers that may act collectively or Individually as aquifers. Well depths in this aquifer range from 8 to 812 ft. with a mean of 338 ft. and a median of 500 ft. Yields range from 1 to 40 gpm with a mean and median of 11 and 7 gpm, respectively. The least productive and least utilized, but shallowest aquifer is the St. Peter Sandstone aquifer which has a depth range of 55 to 113 ft. with a mean and median of 80 and 85 ft., respectively. The yield ranges from 1 to 20 gpm with a mean and median of 9 and 5 gpm, respectively. The Spearman Rank Correlation procedure was used to compare well yields (gpm), well depth, regolith thickness, depth to water, and piezometric surface elevation of the Cotter-Jefferson City aquifer. At ∝ = 0.1, the following relationships were established: 1) greater yield at shallow well depths, 2) greater yield where the water table is closer to the surface, 3) thicker regolith in deeper wells, and thicker regolith with increased depth to water. These correlations indicate the strong control on water movement by fractures in the aquifer, and closing off of fractures at depth, and the control of regolith thickness by depth to water rather than fracture proximity

Application of residual feedback to lunar orbiter residual analysis Final report

Orbit determination of Lunar Orbiter using residual feedbac

Zum Vorkommen und zur Erfassung der Wildkatze ("Felis silvestris", Schreber 1777) im Egge-Weser-Gebiet

Aus verschiedenen Regionen Deutschlands wird in den letzten Jahren gemeldet, dass sich die seltene und heimliche Wildkatze ausgehend von ihren letzten Rückzugsräumen wieder ausbreitet und verloren gegangenes Terrain zurückgewinnt. Auch im Kreis Höxter gibt es aus den letzten Jahren glaubwürdige Meldungen von Wildkatzen. Aufgrund ihrer heimlichen Lebensweise ist es durchaus möglich, dass diese Art auch im Raum zwischen Egge und Weser schon weiter verbreitet ist, als der bisherige Kenntnisstand es vermuten ließe, denn der Kreis Höxter liegt nahe an zwei großen Vorkommen dieser Art, dem Solling und dem Reinhardswald. Diese Vorkommen wiederum sind vernetzt mit Beständen im Kaufungerwald und möglicherweise in geringerem Maße mit der Harzpopulation (siehe Abb. 2). Die günstige Situation lässt hoffen, dass die Wildkatze über kurz oder lang wieder stabile Populationen in den größeren Waldbeständen des Kreises aufbauen wird. Besondere Planungsrelevanz erhält die Wildkatze dadurch, dass sie in der bundesweiten Roten Liste als stark gefährdet eingestuft wird, in Nordrhein-Westfalen gilt sie sogar als „vom Aussterben bedroht“ (FELDMANN, HUTTERER & VIERHAUS 1999). Weiterhin ist sie rechtlich geschützt durch die FFH-Richtlinie (Anhang IV), die Bundesartenschutzverordnung (besonders und streng geschützte Art, CITES (Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommen: Anhang II) und die Berner Konvention (Hessisches Ministerium für Umwelt, ländlichen Raum und Verbraucherschutz 2004). Im Naturschutz wird sie als Leitart für unzerschnittene und waldreiche Landschaften angesehen und vertritt damit auch andere große Säugetierarten mit großen Raumansprüchen wie z. B. den Rothirsch (SIMON & RAIMER 2007). Deswegen erscheint es über das naturkundliche Interesse hinaus sinnvoll, die aktuelle Situation der Wildkatze in diesem Raum einmal näher zu untersuchen. Der folgende Text soll interessierten Personen einen Einblick in das Leben der Wildkatze geben und darüber hinaus über eine praktikable Methode der Bestandserfassung informieren

The Religious Which Is Political: Revisiting Pnina Werbner's Imagined Diasporas and Beyond

Dedicated to the memory of Pnina Werbner, this essay revisits Werbner’s ethnographic and conceptual work on the relationship between diaspora and religion through a close reading of her book on Imagined Diasporas among Manchester Muslims and her later engagements with the concept of diaspora with respect to religion and the background of her work on African and Filipino labour diasporas in the West. It argues that many of Werbner’s insights remain pertinent today, not least because in many European contexts Muslim-background citizens and non-citizens remain excluded from full belonging and are still forced to engage in constant perspectival manoeuvring similar to Werbner’s earlier interlocutors. While the notion of diaspora has lost much of its earlier conceptual verve, in its Werbnerian reading, I argue, it may still offer a scholarly tool for analysing the multiple imaginations, belongings, and ambiguities of migrants’ and religious minorities’ self-representations and complex lives

Third State Intervention before the International Court of Justice in International Environmental Law Cases

Third state intervention before international institutions originated in international arbitration around 1875 and has been included in the statute of the International Court since the foundation of the Permanent Court of International Justice (PCIJ) and is therefore no new phenomenon. Today, most systems of international dispute settlement provide for the possibility of third state intervention. Nevertheless intervention before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has been used by states sparsely and seems underdeveloped. The statute of the ICJ provides for two ways of intervention in its arts 62 and 63. There have been few applications under these provisions. Looking at the court’s orders in these few cases, the court seems to have adopted a restrictive approach towards allowing applications to intervene. This paper looks at the institution of intervention in the area of international environmental law disputes. There have been two relevant disputes of this kind before the ICJ: the Nuclear Tests litigation and the recent litigation of Whaling in the Antarctic. Both of these cases dealt with the question of state obligations towards the protection of the environment. The applications to intervene in Nuclear Tests failed for reasons that will be explained in more detail below. New Zealand’s application to intervene in Whaling in the Antarctic was authorized by the ICJ on the 6 February 2013 under art 63 of the Statute of the ICJ. The case is exceptional in that it is only the second time the ICJ allowed intervention under art 63. Both cases demonstrate that there are environmental issues that concern more than only the nations that are parties to the dispute. They indicate that intervention plays a particularly strong role in environmental issues because these issues by their nature often affect more than just two states. This paper analyses how the shared environmental concern of the international community might lead to an extension of intervention before the ICJ. It further more looks at the issues that arose before the court in connection with the intervention in Whaling in the Antarctic and how these issues were dealt with

Security v Privacy in the Context of Surveillance Measures – Creating “Glass Citizens”

During the last decades states have internationally increased their surveillance measures. Surveillance has become increasingly systematic and integrated in our everyday life. This development was intensified by several terror attacks, specifically the event of 9/11. Surveillance by the state always comes along with the intrusion of privacy rights of individuals. Both privacy and security are essential for a functioning society. To find the right balance between the two interests and to uphold the protection of privacy rights when the threat of terror seems to justify increasingly intrusive measures is difficult but of great importance. This paper looks at two examples of legislations that increased states possibilities for surveillance and how the balance between security and privacy was struck in those legislations. It compares the degree of protection given to privacy rights in a state with a codified constitution, Germany, and in a state with no codified constitution, New Zealand

Das Steinkauz-Projekt des Naturschutzbundes Kreis Höxter im Jahr 2010

Der Steinkauz (Athene noctua) gilt im Weserbergland als vom Aussterben bedroht (SUDMANN et al. 2009) und wird in Deutschland nach der Roten Liste als „stark gefährdet“ eingestuft (SÜDBECK et al. 2007). Aus Anlass eines Brutnachweises aus dem Jahr 2009 hatte der Naturschutzbund im Kreis Höxter für das darauf folgende Jahr ein Projekt zum Schutz des Steinkauzes initiiert. Zum Brutnachweis und zur Bestandsentwicklung im Kreis Höxter hatte David SINGER einen aktuellen Überblick in dieser Zeitschrift veröffentlicht (SINGER 2009). Das Steinkauz- Projekt im Jahr 2010 wurde von der Bezirksregierung Detmold mit Mitteln des Landes NRW gefördert und gliederte sich in zwei Teile: Erfassung des Steinkauzes und Herstellen und Aufhängen von Nisthilfen Die Gelände-Untersuchungen wurden vom Verfasser durchgeführt. Das Herstellen und Aufhängen der Nistkästen wurde vor allem vom NABUKreisverbands- Vorsitzenden Theo ELBERICH unter Beteiligung verschiedener Personen durchgeführt

The Courts’ Discretion under UNCITRAL articles 34 and 36.

This paper addresses the question whether or not courts have the discretion to disregard one of the grounds listed in arts 34 and 36 of the UNCITRAL Model Law and not set aside or enforce an award despite one of the grounds being proven. It further more analyses in what circumstances the courts disregard the grounds. This paper comes to the conclusion that the issue is not a question of the use of the word “may” in the relevant provisions because courts that do not accept the discretion nevertheless disregard grounds for the same reasons as courts that do accept the discretion as a matter of narrow interpretation of the grounds. This paper then moves on to discuss estoppel and materiality as reasons to disregard the grounds. It concludes that these two principles are international recognised and therefore justify the preservation of an award. It suggests that to reach further harmonisation in this issue the Model Law should include provisions on estoppel and materiality