Effects of sodium metabisulfite on the activity and protease composition of the enzymatic extracts of Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri

Los mercados a los que se exporta el langostino Pleoticus muelleri exigen un producto sin presencia de melanosis. El preservante utilizado comúnmente en esta especie es el metabisulfito de sodio (MBS). Hasta el momento no se han estudiado los efectos que podría tener sobre las proteasas del langostino. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto del MBS sobre la actividad y composición proteásica de los extractos enzimáticos de P. muelleri. Se determinó la actividad de proteasas ácidas y alcalinas, así como la composición de enzimas de los extractos enzimáticos de langostinos tratados y sin tratar con MBS. Aquellos extractos tratados con MBS mostraron una reducción significativa de la actividad proteásica (alrededor de 80%), tanto ácida como alcalina. A su vez, las enzimas aspárticas, redujeron su actividad mientras que predominaron las enzimas cisteínicas y serínicas del tipo tripsina. Los extractos enzimáticos de P. muelleri tratados con MBS presentan una reducción de la actividad proteásica y cambios en su composición enzimática, pero aun así constituyen una fuente de enzimas con potencial para ser utilizada con diferentes fines biotecnológicos.The markets to which the Pleoticus muelleri Argentine red shrimp is exported require a product without the presence of melanosis. The preservative used in this species is sodium metabisulfite (MBS). So far, the effects that they could have on Argentine red shrimp proteases have not been studied. In this work, it is proposed to evaluate the effect of MBS on the activity and protease composition of the enzymatic extracts of P. muelleri. The acid and alkaline protease activity was determined, as well as the enzyme composition of the enzymatic extracts of Argentine red shrimps treated and untreated with MBS. Those extracts treated with MBS produced a significant reduction in protease activity (around 80%), both acidic and alkaline. In turn, the aspartic enzymes reduced their activity while the cysteine and serine enzymes of the trypsin type predominated. The enzyme extracts of P. muelleri treated with MBS show a reduction in protease activity and changes in their enzymatic composition, but still constitute a source of enzymes with the potential to be used for different biotechnological purposes.Fil: Liebana, Clara. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Gimenez, Analia Veronica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Pereira, Nair de Los Angeles. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism combination pattern of the Klotho gene with non-cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular death being extensively investigated. However, non-cardiovascular mortality represents the biggest percentage, showing an evident increase in recent years. Klotho is a gene highly expressed in the kidney, with a clear influence on lifespan. Low levels of Klotho have been linked to CKD progression and adverse outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Klotho gene have been associated with several diseases, but studies investigating the association of Klotho SNPs with noncardiovascular death in CKD populations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to assess whether 11 Klotho SNPs were associated with non-cardiovascular death in a subpopulation of the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) study (n ¼ 2185 CKD patients). After 48 months of follow-up, 62 cardiovascular deaths and 108 non-cardiovascular deaths were recorded. We identified a high non-cardiovascular death risk combination of SNPs corresponding to individuals carrying the most frequent allele (G) at rs562020, the rare allele (C) at rs2283368 and homozygotes for the rare allele (G) at rs2320762 (rs562020 GG/AG þ rs2283368 CC/CT þ rs2320762 GG). Among the patients with the three SNPs genotyped (n ¼ 1016), 75 (7.4%) showed this combination. Furthermore, 95 (9.3%) patients showed a low-risk combination carrying all the opposite genotypes (rs562020 AA þ rs2283368 TT þ rs2320762 GT/TT). All the other combinations [n ¼ 846 (83.3%)] were considered as normal risk. Using competing risk regression analysis, we confirmed that the proposed combinations are independently associated with a higher fhazard ratio [HR] 3.28 [confidence interval (CI) 1.51-7.12]g and lower [HR 6 × 10- (95% CI 3.3 × 10--1.1 × 10-)] risk of suffering a non-cardiovascular death in the CKD population of the NEFRONA cohort compared with patients with the normal-risk combination. Determination of three SNPs of the Klotho gene could help in the prediction of non-cardiovascular death in CKD

Association of candidate gene polymorphisms with chronic kidney disease : Results of a case-control analysis in the NEFRONA cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2,445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Association of Candidate Gene Polymorphisms With Chronic Kidney Disease: Results of a Case-Control Analysis in the Nefrona Cohort

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major risk factor for end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Despite classical clinical risk factors for CKD and some genetic risk factors have been identified, the residual risk observed in prediction models is still high. Therefore, new risk factors need to be identified in order to better predict the risk of CKD in the population. Here, we analyzed the genetic association of 79 SNPs of proteins associated with mineral metabolism disturbances with CKD in a cohort that includes 2, 445 CKD cases and 559 controls. Genotyping was performed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionizationtime of flight mass spectrometry. We used logistic regression models considering different genetic inheritance models to assess the association of the SNPs with the prevalence of CKD, adjusting for known risk factors. Eight SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs2238135, rs1800247, rs385564, rs4236, rs2248359, and rs1564858) were associated with CKD even after adjusting by sex, age and race. A model containing five of these SNPs (rs1126616, rs35068180, rs1800247, rs4236, and rs2248359), diabetes and hypertension showed better performance than models considering only clinical risk factors, significantly increasing the area under the curve of the model without polymorphisms. Furthermore, one of the SNPs (the rs2248359) showed an interaction with hypertension, being the risk genotype affecting only hypertensive patients. We conclude that 5 SNPs related to proteins implicated in mineral metabolism disturbances (Osteopontin, osteocalcin, matrix gla protein, matrix metalloprotease 3 and 24 hydroxylase) are associated to an increased risk of suffering CKD

Efectos del metabisulfito de sodio sobre la actividad y composición proteásica de los extractos enzimáticos del langostino Pleoticus muelleri

The markets to which the Pleoticus muelleri Argentine red shrimp is exported require a product without the presence of melanosis. The preservative used in this species is sodium metabisulfite (MBS). So far, the effects that they could have on Argentine red shrimp proteases have not been studied. In this work, it is proposed to evaluate the effect of MBS on the activity and protease composition of the enzymatic extracts of P. muelleri. The acid and alkaline protease activity was determined, as well as the enzyme composition of the enzymatic extracts of Argentine red shrimps treated and untreated with MBS. Those extracts treated with MBS produced a significant reduction in protease activity (around 80%), both acidic and alkaline. In turn, the aspartic enzymes reduced their activity while the cysteine and serine enzymes of the trypsin type predominated. The enzyme extracts of P. muelleri treated with MBS show a reduction in protease activity and changes in their enzymatic composition, but still constitute a source of enzymes with the potential to be used for different biotechnological purposes.Los mercados a los que se exporta el langostino Pleoticus muelleri exigen un producto sin presencia de melanosis. El preservante utilizado comúnmente en esta especie es el metabisulfito de sodio (MBS). Hasta el momento no se han estudiado los efectos que podría tener sobre las proteasas del langostino. En este trabajo se evaluó el efecto del MBS sobre la actividad y composición proteásica de los extractos enzimáticos de P. muelleri. Se determinó la actividad de proteasas ácidas y alcalinas, así como la composición de enzimas de los extractos enzimáticos de langostinos tratados y sin tratar con MBS. Aquellos extractos tratados con MBS mostraron una reducción significativa de la actividad proteásica (alrededor de 80%), tanto ácida como alcalina. A su vez, las enzimas aspárticas, redujeron su actividad mientras que predominaron las enzimas cisteínicas y serínicas del tipo tripsina. Los extractos enzimáticos de P. muelleri tratados con MBS presentan una reducción de la actividad proteásica y cambios en su composición enzimática, pero aun así constituyen una fuente de enzimas con potencial para ser utilizada con diferentes fines biotecnológicos