Análisis de la estructura varisca y alpina en la transversal Sallent-Biescas (Pirineos Centrales, Huesca)

186 p.Del estudio que hemos realizado en esta Tesis Doctoral, que comprende una zona de alta montaña en la transversal Sallent-Biescas (Provincia de Huesca), hemos obtenido que la evolución estructural de la Zona Axial consta de dos etapas principales: la primera generó grandes pliegues isoclinales (P1) vergentes mayoritariamente hacia el oeste o el suroeste, con flancos inversos que pueden alcanzar amplitud kilométrica y que desarrollan una foliación paralela al plano axial (S1)

Orientaciones Metodológicas para el estudio independiente de los estudiantes en carrera de la salud / Methodological guide for the independent study of medical students

El trabajo independiente de los estudiantes es una forma organizativa del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de cualquier ciencia. Debe ser planificado por el profesor principal, con el jefe de departamento de cada asignatura o estancia y debe aprobarse por la facultad correspondiente; es ejecutado por el estudiante. A pesar de esta estructura metodológica, cada docente puede implementar otra forma de orientar este estudio independiente. Se realizó a partir de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, documental las orientaciones que deben dar los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas a sus estudiantes para este estudio independiente, describiendo las nuevas orientaciones en relación a la educación a distancia. Quedó determinado los tipos de orientaciones externas e internas para el estudio independiente de los alumnos, su importancia, qué orientaciones para el estudio independiente deben ser consideradas al preparar un programa de una asignatura y cuáles deben ser recomendadas por el profesor a sus estudiantes. Quedó estructurado el papel del estudiante en el modelo de continuidad de su estudio independiente. Se expresan recomendaciones psicopedagógicas para el estudio independiente de los estudiantes. Se ejemplifican dentro de las actividades de educación en el trabajo cómo debe ser estructurado este estudio independiente. Palabras clave: Trabajo independiente, estudiante, profesor, metodología. ABSTRACTThe independent work of the students is an organizational form of the process of teaching-learning of any science. It should be planned through the main professor, with the chief of department of each subject or stay and it should be approved by the corresponding Faculty of Medical Sciences. It is executed by the student. In spite of this methodological structure, each educational one can implement another form of guiding this independent study. By means of an exploratory, descriptive, documentary research the guides that should be given by the professors of Medical Sciences Faculty to their students for the independent study, describing the new guides related to the virtual education. The external and internal type of guides for the independent study, its importance, those to be considered when a program is prepared and to be recommended by the professor to the students are determined. The students´ role is already structured in the model of continuity of the independent study method. Some psycho-pedagogical recommendations for this type of study are made. This type of study is exemplified by the activities of education in labour. Key words: Independent study, student, professor, methodology

Orientaciones Metodológicas para el estudio independiente de los estudiantes en carrera de la salud / Methodological guide for the independent study of medical students

El trabajo independiente de los estudiantes es una forma organizativa del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de cualquier ciencia. Debe ser planificado por el profesor principal, con el jefe de departamento de cada asignatura o estancia y debe aprobarse por la facultad correspondiente; es ejecutado por el estudiante. A pesar de esta estructura metodológica, cada docente puede implementar otra forma de orientar este estudio independiente. Se realizó a partir de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, documental las orientaciones que deben dar los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas a sus estudiantes para este estudio independiente, describiendo las nuevas orientaciones en relación a la educación a distancia. Quedó determinado los tipos de orientaciones externas e internas para el estudio independiente de los alumnos, su importancia, qué orientaciones para el estudio independiente deben ser consideradas al preparar un programa de una asignatura y cuáles deben ser recomendadas por el profesor a sus estudiantes. Quedó estructurado el papel del estudiante en el modelo de continuidad de su estudio independiente. Se expresan recomendaciones psicopedagógicas para el estudio independiente de los estudiantes. Se ejemplifican dentro de las actividades de educación en el trabajo cómo debe ser estructurado este estudio independiente. Palabras clave: Trabajo independiente, estudiante, profesor, metodología. ABSTRACTThe independent work of the students is an organizational form of the process of teaching-learning of any science. It should be planned through the main professor, with the chief of department of each subject or stay and it should be approved by the corresponding Faculty of Medical Sciences. It is executed by the student. In spite of this methodological structure, each educational one can implement another form of guiding this independent study. By means of an exploratory, descriptive, documentary research the guides that should be given by the professors of Medical Sciences Faculty to their students for the independent study, describing the new guides related to the virtual education. The external and internal type of guides for the independent study, its importance, those to be considered when a program is prepared and to be recommended by the professor to the students are determined. The students´ role is already structured in the model of continuity of the independent study method. Some psycho-pedagogical recommendations for this type of study are made. This type of study is exemplified by the activities of education in labour. Key words: Independent study, student, professor, methodology

Análisis curricular del programa de la asignatura de pedíatria para el cuarto año de medicina. Curricular Análisis on the Syllabus of the Subject of Pediatrics for the 4th. Academic Year of Medicine

La planeación curricular exige de cambios transformadores, capaces de formar el profesional competente, y capaz de laborar acorde a las competencias y desempeños del mercado profesional vigente. Por ello los diseños establecidos en asignaturas, planes y/o programas de estudios deben ir al unísono de todos los cambios que la sociedad imperante genera. Se realiza una revisión del actual diseño curricular del Programa vigente para la Asignatura de Pediatría por un grupo de profesores que componen la cátedra de dicha asignatura, en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial Docente "Pepe Portilla" de Pinar del Río, Cuba, durante el período del año 2006. El objetivo básico de esta revisión documental es: desarrollar un análisis crítico del actual Programa de la Asignatura de Pediatría, que nos permita formular sus transformaciones. Se parte en la revisión de efectuar un diagnóstico con profesores, alumnos de 4to año y graduados con la aplicación de este programa. Son determinadas a partir del diagnóstico un total de 4 suficiencias y 9 insuficiencias en el diseño curricular que presenta el programa. La revisión llega a las siguientes conclusiones: el actual diseño curricular del Programa vigente para la Asignatura de Pediatría debe ser  reestructurado de manera inmediata, ya que el mismo no responde a las actuales necesidades de aprendizaje del médico que formamos, ni a los retos de transformación actuales, que es el perfeccionamiento continuo de planes y programas de estudio vigentes para la Educación Superior Las transformaciones curriculares deben ser efectuadas  debido a las necesidades imperantes de desarrollo de la sociedad. Se proponen un grupo de transformaciones sobre el diseño de este programa de asignatura de Pediatría que contribuirán al desarrollo de competencias y desempeño acordes a las actuales tendencias. Palabras clave: Planeación curricular, diseño curricular, programa de asignatura de Pediatría, transformaciones curriculares. ABSTRACT The curricular planning requires transforming changes, capable of forming competent professionals, capable of working in accordance with the competition and performance of the current professional market. That is why the designs set in subjects, plans and/or syllabi must be in one accord with all the changes which the present-day society produces. A revision of the current curricular model of the in-force syllabus for the subject of Pediatrics was revised by a group of professors from the Department of the said subject, at "Pepe Portilla" Provincial Teaching Pediatric Hospital in Pinar del Río, during 2006. The basic aim of this documentary revision was to carry out a critical analysis on the current syllabus of the subject of Pediatrics, which allows us to formulate its transformations. The revision was done from a diagnosis with professors, 4th year students and graduates with the application of this syllabus. From the diagnosis 4 adequacies and 9 inadequacies were found in the curricular design that the syllabus presents. After the revision, the following conclusiones were tailored: the current curricular designs of the in-force syllabus for the subject of Pediatrics must be structured immediately, as it does not meet the current needs of learning on doctors' part nor does it respond to the challenges of current transformations, which is the ongoing improvement of in-force plans and syllabus for Higher Education. Curricular transformations should be carried out due to prevailing needs of development in society. Various transformations on the design of this syllabus for the subject of Pediatrics were proposed and will contribute to the development of competition and performance in accordance with the current trends. Key words: CURRICULAR PLANNING, CURRICULAR DESIGN, SYLLABUS FOR THE SUBJECT OF PEDIATRICS, CURRICULAR TRANSFORMATIONS

Training and Research in life support and disasters. Recommendations of experts´ workshop. Cienfuegos,2018

Foundation: the National Project ¨Training and Research in life support and disasters¨ has among its objectives to reduce lethality due to emergencies and to contribute to the quality of medical care, but it requires an academic and organizational structure.Objective: to define teaching and research   methodological elements for the project and for its six courses.Methods: qualitative cross research developed in Cienfuegos (July 10/11, 2018) as part of a national workshop called with this purpose with 83 professionals (74, 69% experts) from six provinces. Techniques as brain storming and focal group were used. For the general and specific recommendations about the courses, the group was divided in six sub-groups finally, these were written together to be exposed.Results: the general proposals are related with an updated, uniform, inter-sectorial, face-to-face academic program which is extended to community till post-graduate courses in health institutions and involves computer technologies. Proposals for the integration to the context in the medical practice include the design  and adherence to behaving protocols and the integration to the re-organization of the emergency system.Conclusion: contents of teaching activities and academic and research strategies, so as their integration  to the context of emergency management, may develop the training and training in life support in the project framework. For the impact in health indicators, it is necessary, in addition, inter-sectorial community work and the organizational improvement of the emergency system.</p

Adjuvant interferon gamma in patients with pulmonary atypical Mycobacteriosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>High antibiotic resistance is described in atypical Mycobacteriosis, mainly by <it>Mycobacterium avium </it>complex (MAC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out in two hospitals to evaluate the effect of interferon (IFN) gamma as immunoadjuvant to chemotherapy on patients with atypical mycobacteria lung disease. Patients received placebo or 1 × 10⁶IU recombinant human IFN gamma intramuscularly, daily for one month and then three times per week up to 6 months as adjuvant to daily oral azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ethambutol and rifampin. Sputum samples collection for direct smear observation and culture as well as clinical and thorax radiography assessments were done during treatment and one year after. Cytokines and oxidative stress determinations were carried out in peripheral blood before and after treatment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Eighteen patients were included in the IFN group and 14 received placebo. Groups were homogeneous at entry; average age was 60 years, 75% men, 84% white; MAC infection prevailed (94%). At the end of treatment, 72% of patients treated with IFN gamma were evaluated as complete responders, but only 36% in the placebo group. The difference was maintained during follow-up. A more rapid complete response was obtained in the IFN group (5 months before), with a significantly earlier improvement in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary lesions reduction. Disease-related deaths were 35.7% of the patients in the placebo group and only 11.1% in the IFN group. Three patients in the IFN group normalized their globular sedimentation rate values. Although differences in bacteriology were not significant during the treatment period, some patients in the placebo group converted again to positive during follow-up. Significant increments in serum TGF-beta and advanced oxidation protein products were observed in the placebo group but not among IFN receiving patients. Treatments were well tolerated. Flu-like symptoms predominated in the IFN gamma group. No severe events were recorded.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data suggest that IFN gamma is useful and well tolerated as adjuvant therapy in patients with pulmonary atypical Mycobacteriosis, predominantly MAC. Further wider clinical trials are encouraged.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN70900209.</p

Memoria del II Coloquio Internacional sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales

Desde la Sede de Occidente y, específicamente, en el seno de la Coordinación de Investigación y con el apoyo de la Dirección de la Sede y las Coordinaciones de Docencia, Administración y Acción Social, así como de la Vicerrectoría de Investigación, se han celebrado en el 2011 y en el 2012 dos coloquios internacionales sobre diversidad cultural y estudios regionales. El propósito de ambos consistió principalmente en motivar a investigadores e investigadoras de las distintas unidades académicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica y de otras instituciones de Educación Superior, así como a representantes de Centros e Institutos de Investigación nacionales e internacionales, a presentar resultados de investigaciones que contribuyeran a un mayor conocimiento de los procesos culturales y que dieran a conocer resultados que permitieran la comprensión de las realidades de distintos sectores y regiones. En el 2011 se presentaron cuarenta y seis ponencias y se dictaron tres conferencias magistrales, y en el 2012 se expusieron cincuenta ponencias y se impartieron tres conferencias magistrales.UCR::Sedes Regionales::Sede de Occidente::Recinto San Ramón::Centro de Investigaciones sobre Diversidad Cultural y Estudios Regionales (CIDICER

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality