The RTA Betatron-Node Experiment: Limiting Cumulative BBU Growth In A Linear Periodic System

The successful operation of a Two-Beam accelerator based on extended relativistic klystrons hinges upon decreasing the cumulative dipole BBU growth from an exponential to a more manageable linear growth rate. We describe the theoretical scheme to achieve this, and a new experiment to test this concept. The experiment utilizes a 1-MeV, 600-Amp, 200-ns electron beam and a short beamline of periodically-spaced rf dipole-mode pillbox cavities and solenoid magnets for transport. Descriptions of the beamline are presented, followed by theoretical studies of the beam transport and dipole-mode growth.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to XX Int'l. LINAC Conferenc

Involvement of leukotriene pathway in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury and septic and non-septic shock.

The 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway is responsible for the production of leukotrienes (LTs), inflammatory lipid mediators which play a role in innate immunity. More recently, a pivotal role of LTs in ischemia-reperfusion and shock injury has been suggested. In fact, these pathological conditions are characterized by a severe neutrophil infiltration that gives rise to tissue injury and 5-LO metabolites control neutrophil recruitment in injured tissue by the modulation of adhesion molecule expression. The aim of this review is to analyze the results reported in the literature on the role of 5-LO pathway, with particular regard to LTs, in these pathological conditions. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the role of the 5-LO enzyme and/or its metabolites in the regulation of neutrophil trafficking, might open new perspectives in the therapy of organ dysfunction and/or injury associated with shock and ischemia-reperfusion injury

Inhibition of nitric oxide biosynthesis by anthocyanin fraction of blackberry extract.

Anthocyanins are natural colorant belonging to the flavonoid family, widely distributed among flowers, fruits, and vegetables. Some flavonoids have been found to possess anticarcinogenic, cytotoxic, cytostatic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. Since increased nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in inflammation, we have investigated whether the pharmacological activity of the anthocyanin fraction of a blackberry extract (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside representing about 88% of the total anthocyanin content) was due to the suppression of NO synthesis. The markedly increased production of nitrites by stimulation of J774 cells with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h was concentration-dependently inhibited by the anthocyanin fraction (11, 22, 45, and 90 μg/ml) of the extract. Moreover, this inhibition was dependent on a dual mechanism, since the extract attenuated iNOS protein expression and decreased the iNOS activity in lungs from LPS-stimulated rats. Inhibition of iNOS protein expression appeared to be at the transcriptional level, since the extract and similarly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (10, 20, 40, and 80 μg/ml, amounts corresponding to the concentrations present in the extract) decreased LPS-induced NF-κB activation, through inhibition of IκBα degradation, and reduced ERK-1/2 phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that at least some part of the anti-inflammatory activity of blackberry extract is due to the suppression of NO production by cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, which is the main anthocyanin present in the extract. The mechanism of this inhibition seems to be due to an action on the expression/activity of the enzyme. In particular, the protein expression was inhibited through the attenuation of NF-κB and/or MAPK activatio

Password Cracking and Countermeasures in Computer Security: A Survey

With the rapid development of internet technologies, social networks, and other related areas, user authentication becomes more and more important to protect the data of the users. Password authentication is one of the widely used methods to achieve authentication for legal users and defense against intruders. There have been many password cracking methods developed during the past years, and people have been designing the countermeasures against password cracking all the time. However, we find that the survey work on the password cracking research has not been done very much. This paper is mainly to give a brief review of the password cracking methods, import technologies of password cracking, and the countermeasures against password cracking that are usually designed at two stages including the password design stage (e.g. user education, dynamic password, use of tokens, computer generations) and after the design (e.g. reactive password checking, proactive password checking, password encryption, access control). The main objective of this work is offering the abecedarian IT security professionals and the common audiences with some knowledge about the computer security and password cracking, and promoting the development of this area.Comment: add copyright to the tables to the original authors, add acknowledgement to helpe

Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa Dikaji dari Teori Bruner dalam Materi Trigonometri di SMA

This research aims to explain students' mathematical comunnication ablity studied on Bruner's Theory in materials trigonometry. research methods used is descriptive method within survey studies. This research was conducted at SMA Negeri 02 Pontianak with 34 students as subjects. The results of studied mathematical communication ability test on bruner's theory and interview showed that mathematical communication ability studied on Bruner's Theory in materials trigonometry in SMA Negeri 02 pontianak classified as moderate with a percentage of 75% or can be seen from each group mathematical communication ability studied on Bruner's Theory on each category exist five students (17.70%) at the high category, twenty one students (61.77%) are in medium category, and eight students (23.53%) are in the low category

Towards Bidirectional Hierarchical Representations for Attention-Based Neural Machine Translation

This paper proposes a hierarchical attentional neural translation model which focuses on enhancing source-side hierarchical representations by covering both local and global semantic information using a bidirectional tree-based encoder. To maximize the predictive likelihood of target words, a weighted variant of an attention mechanism is used to balance the attentive information between lexical and phrase vectors. Using a tree-based rare word encoding, the proposed model is extended to sub-word level to alleviate the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) problem. Empirical results reveal that the proposed model significantly outperforms sequence-to-sequence attention-based and tree-based neural translation models in English-Chinese translation tasks.Comment: Accepted for publication at EMNLP 201

Resolving environmental drivers of microbial community structure in Antarctic soils

Antarctic soils are extremely cold, dry, and oligotrophic, yet harbour surprisingly high bacterial diversity. The severity of environmental conditions has constrained the development of multi-trophic communities, and species richness and distribution is thought to be driven primarily by abiotic factors. Sites in northern and southern Victoria Land were sampled for bacterial community structure and soil physicochemical properties in conjunction with the US and New Zealand Latitudinal Gradient Project. Bacterial community structure was determined using a high-resolution molecular fingerprinting method for 80 soil samples from Taylor Valley and Cape Hallett sites which are separated by five degrees of latitude and have distinct soil chemistry. Taylor Valley is part of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, while Cape Hallett is the site of a penguin rookery and contains ornithogenic soils. The influence of soil moisture, pH, conductivity, ammonia, nitrate, total nitrogen and organic carbon on community structure was revealed using Spearman rank correlation, Mantel test, and principal components analysis. High spatial variability was detected in bacterial communities and community structure was correlated with soil moisture and pH. Both unique and shared bacterial community members were detected at Taylor Valley and Cape Hallett despite the considerable distance between the sites

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika Menggunakan Media Realita di Sekolah Dasar

General Purpose Of Research husband is describing reality hearts USE Media Learning mathematics that can improve learning results Grade III State Elementary School 06 Mamek Menyuke District of Porcupine District. The research method used is a method of action research. Results The TIN is: (1) Master Capable of designing learning math using the media reality that can improve the results of learning Grade III State Elementary School 06 Mamek Menyuke District of Porcupine District. (2) Teachers Able to carry out learning of mathematics using the media reality that can improve the results of learning Grade III State Elementary School 06 Mamek Menyuke District of Porcupine District. (3) Although NOT increase per cycle, but the findings hearts Students learn math learning using the media reality of AT Grade III State Elementary School 06 Mamek Menyuke District of Porcupine District completeness BY Still experiencing overall per cycle