Outcrop-subsurface geological characterization of La Luna Formation as an unconventional resource in the Northwest Lago de Maracaibo Basin and North Andean Flank, Venezuela /

M.S.University of Oklahoma2015.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 208-213).In recent years, unconventional shale reservoirs have become very important around the world for their high source of energy and for their high economic value. La Luna Formation is of crucial importance in the petroleum geology of northern South America, especially in Venezuela and Colombia. La Luna Formation has been considered for a long time the main focus of study for conventional oil production, since it is the most important source rock in the Maracaibo Basin and in Venezuela. However, recent works on this Upper Cretaceous shale as a prospective exploration target are very few; La Luna is now being considered an unconventional shale prospect (PDVSA-2012). This study encompasses stratigraphic and geochemical characterization of La Luna Formation from five outcrops and a 345 foot long core along the North Andean flank and the northwest of Lago de Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. TOC content from the core varies from 3.85 to 9.13 wt% (average 5.10 wt. %). Rock-Eval pyrolysis results indicate Type I and Type II kerogen, a " Good-to-Excellent" oil potential generation and a maturity indicator suggesting a greater likelihood of oil than gas in La Luna lX core; similar values are represented in La Luna stratotype (Lago de Maracaibo Basin) where TOC content varies from 0.14 to 12.80 wt . % (average 3.60 wt. %) . In the North Andean Flank, TOC content is lower, varying from 0.46 to 5.64 wt% (average 2.37 wt. %); kerogen is Type III, indicating a potential generation of dry gas instead of oil in the subsurface near the outcrops. The Delta Log R method (Passey, 1990) of TOC estimation showed a good agreement with geochemical Rock-Eval results in the core. Eight lithofacies were defined in the La Luna core. From bottom to top they are: A) Dark gray, laminated mudstone. B) Fossiliferous wackstone. C) Volcanic ash; laminated mudstone with limestone concretions and packstone. D) Calcareous - siliceous laminated mudstone interbedded with black chert filled with calcite veins. E) Calcareous-siliceous mudstone interbedded with wackestone. F) Calcareous slightly siliceous laminated black mudstone interbedded with calcareous fossiliferous wackestone. G) Siliceous slightly calcareous green mudstone with authigenic glauconite and pyrite. Planktonic foraminifera are present in the upper part of the interval. Based upon petrography, geochemical analysis and facies characterization, the facies comprise a third order sequence. Highstand and Transgressive Systems Tracts. A Maximum Flooding Surface was correlated with the worldwide Cretaceous oceamcnoxic event 2 and also with the volcanic ash found in La Luna Colombia,Three target intervals were identified in La Luna IX well. The first interval from bottom to top has a thickness of 14.32 m. and a BI of 0.85. The second interval has a thickness of 7.60m and has a BI of 0.99. The third interval has a thickness of 18 m and has an average BI of 0.93. These results serve as a baseline for current and future study of the La Luna Formation in Venezuela

Freimaurerlieder [Noot] : in Musik gesetzt zum Gebrauch einiger Logen in Riga und Livland

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The impact of leaders’ character on subordinates’ attitudes and behavior towards their work and leader

The concept of character found its way into the study and discussion of leadership several years ago. Reasons for this emergence mentioned in the leadership literature ranged from corporate leadership scandals, such as the Enron, WorldCom, and Tyco debacles, the failures of many U.S. financial institutions, as well as ongoing concerns about the ethics of political leaders (Riggio, Zhu, Reina, & Maroosis, 2010). And there are other reasons, why character in leadership should not be neglected, neither in leadership research nor in practice. It co-determines the way leaders use their power (Bennis, 2007), their decision and actions while confronted with many ambiguous stimuli (Hambrick & Mason, 1984), the culture they create within their group of people they lead, serves as a role-model (not only) for ethical contexts, and may even affects the quality of the daily life of leaders’ subordinates (Bennis, 2007). A view aspects of character can be found in different leadership concepts, amongst which are: Ethical Leadership (Brown & Treviño, 2006), Servant Leadership (Greenleaf, 1977), Authentic Leadership (George, 2003; Avolio & Gardner, 2005), Authentic Transformational Leadership (Bass & Steidlmeier, 1999), Spiritual Leadership (Fry, 2003), and Worthy Leadership (Thompson et al., 2008). However, until 2012 the systematic study of certain aspects of character—irrespective of any specific leadership concept—was still very rare. An exception was a study by Palanski and Yammarino (2011), which examined the effect of behavioral integrity on follower job performance. Given the wide-ranging gaps in this field of research, the present doctoral thesis addresses (1) the impact of various aspects of leaders’ character on followers’ attitudes and behavior towards their leader and work, (2) the moderating role of subordinates’ personality regarding these relationships, (3) the incremental impact of these aspects above and beyond well-known leadership concepts, and (4) the distinction of different aspects of character regarding their relation to various outcome variables, especially one of the most important in leadership—followers’ trust. In Study 1, 626 participants took part in a scenario experiment, in which the impact of three aspects of leaders’ character (integrity, humility/forgiveness, and interest/gratitude) on followers’ perceptions of the leader’s worthiness of being followed (WBF), followers’ organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and followers’ voice behavior has been examined. In addition, the moderating effects of followers’ personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism) were explored. Data from 626 participants of a scenario experiment supported the impact of leaders’ character as well as the moderating impact of followers’ personalities. Results showed that integrity, humility/forgiveness, and also leaders’ interest/gratitude have a large impact on WBF, and a moderate to large impact on voice behavior, as well a small to moderate effect on OCB. In addition, the impact of integrity on WBF was moderated by participants’ conscientiousness, humility/forgiveness on WBF was moderated by subordinates’ agreeableness and neuroticism, and the impact of interest/gratitude on OCB was moderated by subordinates’ neuroticism. In Study 2, the additional impact of leaders’ integrity and humility/forgiveness above and beyond the impact of transformational leadership was under examination. Therefore, first a scenario experiment (N = 347) was performed. The results showed that integrity, as well as humility/forgiveness explained additional variance in WBF and participants anticipated stress, above and beyond transformational leadership. In a second sample an online survey study with 110 participants was conducted, in which the additional impact of integrity and humility/forgiveness on WBF and employees’ perceived stress above and beyond the impact of transformational leadership could again be found. Regarding employees’ perception of stress, only humility/forgiveness could explain variance, neither transformational leadership nor leaders’ integrity did. Relative importance analyses showed that integrity and transformational leadership were equally important as predictors for WBF, whereas humility/forgiveness in comparison, was only half as important. In Study 3, the distinct impact of integrity and humility on subordinates’ cognitive and affective trust was examined. The first sample (N = 254) showed by means of structural equation modeling, that integrity was primarily related to cognitive trust, and humility on affective trust. The second sample (N = 196) were conducted in order to replicate the findings from the first study with some methodical improvements. Again, integrity was found to be primarily related to cognitive trust, and humility to affective trust, whereas cognitive trust mediated the relation between integrity and affective trust. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis makes an important contribution to research on the impact of leaders’ character on followers’ attitudes and behavior towards their leader and work. Moreover, the gained insights permit several implications, reminding us that leaders’ character cannot be left out of the equation, neither in leadership research nor in practice

Jubel-Predigt bey der religiösen Feyer ... am 4. Julius 1810 ...

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Kurze biographische Nachrichten von den General-Superintendenten Livland's. Zur Feier eines merkwürdigen Amtsfestes am 19. August 1814 gesammlet. Riga, gedruckt bei Wilhelm Ferdinand Häcker.

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Die Feier der Befreiung Moskwa's in Riga am 10. October 1814 durch Legung des Grundsteins zu einer Gedächtniss-Säule der unsterblichen Siege Alexanders I. ...

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