Análisis insumo-producto de algunas cuestiones de estructura económica y cambio estructural

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, leída el 27-04-2022Input-ouptut analysis is one of the main tools that quantitative economics has for studying long-term features of economic systems. As its traditional bottlenecks have been overcame and topics on economic structure have increasingly captured the attention of scholars, the potential of this branch of economics has grown enormously. In this sense, the present essay aims to take advantage of recent advances in input-output economics both to contribute to methods of structural analysis and to provide new sets of information complementary to that already existing in the literature. With this aim, three studies are brought together on dierent topics of economic structure and structural change in which use is made of such recent advances in this branch of quantitative economics. The first study inquiries on the decline in the manufacturing share in gross value added in major more-developed economies, being its target to weigh the magnitude of the factors that scholars have assumed as explaining the phenomenon. So, taking advantage of recent advances in structural decomposition analysis and input-output accounting, it is possible to decompose the change in the manufacturing share as the sum of the efects of changes of several factors...El analisis insumo-producto es una de las principales herramientas que posee la economía cuantitativa para el estudio de características de largo plazo de los sistemas economicos. A medida que algunos de sus tradicionales obstaculos han sido superados y las cuestiones relativas a la estructura economica han captado crecientemente la atencion de los academicos, el potencial de esta rama de la economía ha crecido enormemente. En este sentido, el presente ensayo pretende apoyarse en los recientes avances en esta disciplina tanto para contribuir al propio metodo del analisis estructural como para ofrecer informacion complementaria a la ya expuesta en la bibliografía relativa a estas cuestiones. Con este animo, se han compendiado tres estudios sobre diferentes materias relativas a la estructura economica y al cambio estructural en los cuales se ha hecho uso de los recientes avances en esta rama de la economía cuantitativa. El primer estudio investiga sobre la disminucion de la participacion de la industria manufacturera en el ingreso de las economías mas desarrolladas, siendo su objetivo ponderar la magnitud de los factores que los academicos han figurado como explicativos del fenomeno. As, considerando los recientes avances en el analisis de descomposicion estructural y en la contabilidad insumo-producto, es posible descomponer la variacion de la participacion de la industria manufacturera en la suma de los efectos inducidos por los cambios de varios factores...Fac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEunpu

Characterization of peripartum rumination and activity of cows diagnosed with health disorders postpartum

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis. June 2015. Major: Animal Sciences. Advisors: Ricardo Chebel, Marcia Endres. 1 computer file (PDF); v, 76 pages.The objectives of the current observational study were to characterize the correlation among total serum Ca, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and haptoglobin concentrations and daily rumination time (DRT) and activity of periparturient cows, and to determine the association between periparturient events and peripartum DRT and activity. Holstein cows from one commercial dairy farm (nulliparous = 77, parous = 219) were enrolled into the study at approximately 21 d before expected calving date. Cows were fitted with individual Heat Rumination Long Distance system (HRLD, SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) from enrollment until approximately 21 � d postpartum. Blood samples collected weekly from enrollment to 21 d postpartum were used to determine concentrations of NEFA, BHBA, and haptoglobin. Blood samples collected within 72 h after calving were used to determine total serum Ca concentration. Sub-clinical ketosis was characterized by BHBA > 1,000 [mu]mol/L in any sample and sub-clinical hypocalcemia was characterized by Ca < 8.55 ng/dL within 72 h after calving. Cows were examined 1, 7 � 3 and 14 � 3 d postpartum for diagnosis of retained fetal membrane and metritis. Total Ca (r = 0.15), NEFA (r = -0.27), and haptoglobin (r = -0.18) concentrations were weakly correlated with DRT. Concentration of BHBA (r = -0.14) was weakly correlated with activity. Postpartum DRT was reduced among cows that delivered twins compared with cows that delivered singletons (385.9 � 17.1 vs 437.9 � 4.8 min/d). Prepartum (430.8 � 14. vs 465.8 � 4.19 arbitrary unit) and postpartum (480.3 � 19.4 vs. 536.5 � 5.5 arbitrary unit) activity were reduced among cows that delivered twins compared with cows that delivered singletons. Delivery of stillborn calves was associated with reduced DRT prepartum (417.0 � 23.4 vs. 478.0 � 5.9 min/d) and postpartum (386.5 � 19.3 vs 437.2 � 4.8 min/d). On the other hand, cows delivering stillborn calves had increased activity prepartum compared with cows delivering live calves (499.3 � 16.2 vs. 461.3 � 4.1 arbitrary unit). Occurrence of retained fetal membrane tended to and was associated with reduced prepartum (444.3 � 11.0 vs. 466.5 � 4.3 arbitrary unit) and postpartum (488.2 � 14.5 vs. 538.8 � 5.7 arbitrary unit) activity, respectively. Cows diagnosed with metritis had reduced postpartum DRT (415.9 � 10.1 vs 441.0 � 5.2 min/d) and activity (512.5 � 11.5 vs. 539.2 � 6.0 arbitrary unit) as compared to cows not diagnosed with metritis. Postpartum activity was reduced among cows that were diagnosed with sub-clinical ketosis (502.20 � 16.5 vs. 536.6 � 6.2 arbitrary unit). Although differences in DRT and activity between populations of cows that developed periparturient diseases and healthy cows were observed, further studies are necessary to determine whether (and how) DRT and activity data may be used to precociously diagnose individuals that will develop such periparturient diseases

Condiciones socioeconómicas, conflicto social y reforma agraria en América Central

Condiciones socioeconómicas, conflicto social y reforma agraria en América Centra

El impacto de la Primavera Árabe en la puja por la igualdad de género en egipto

La tesis analiza el tema de la igualdad de género a fin de demostrar esa incertidumbre que se vive después de haber derrocado la dictadura. Tomando como punto de partida la situación de la mujer en el Egipto de Mubarak, y comparándola con la situación actual de las mujeres, se pretende estudiar si la Primavera Árabe significó un cambio en materia de derechos y libertades para la mujer, y si ese cambio es positivo o negativo en la puja por la igualdad de género. Se examinará la participación política de la mujer, tanto en el Poder Ejecutivo como en el Legislativo; asuntos civiles como el matrimonio y el divorcio, y otros ámbitos que interesan a los derechos de la mujer, como el traspaso de nacionalidad y la problemática de la mutilación genital femenina. Además, en cada caso, se tendrá en cuenta la influencia del Islam, a fin de medir el rol de la religión en lo que refiere a la puja por la igualdad de género en Egipto

El mercado mundial de granos y subproductos industriales

En la presente disertación se analizan la evolución de exportaciones de la Argentina de los complejos cerealero y oleaginoso, las características que reviste la demanda mundial de tales bienes y las estrategias para hacer frente a las exigencias de tales mercados.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari

Labor market distortions in major emerging-market economies: Some CGE estimates

Purpose ― In the present study, the effects of labor market distortions on economic structure and efficiency are estimated for seven emerging-market countries: Brazil, China, Indonesia, India, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey. Methods ― The estimates are based on a computable equilibrium (CGE) model that allows simulation of the inter-industry links of 56 industries plus a sector representing the rest of the world from data collected in the World Input-Output Database (Release 2016) for the period 2000-2014. Findings ― The results show that wage differentials appear to be distortionary, especially in the cases of countries with high wage-income inequality. Moreover, it seems that labor market distortions in emerging-market countries are subject to the rural-urban dichotomy and urban labor-market imperfections. Finally, the results show that the removal of wage differentials affects the terms of trade, which are improved in most but not all cases. Implication ― The conclusions of the present study have policy implications. In countries where the rural-urban dichotomy is the main distortion in labor markets, increasing urbanization can stimulate efficiency; when this is not the case, further reform of urban labor markets is needed. However, it cannot be ruled out in advance that a policy aimed at enhancing labor mobility may have a negative impact on the terms of trade. Originality ― The estimation method used in the present study presents certain advances over others found in the literature, as it becomes possible to estimate the effects of labor-market distortions while considering the interdependencies between different sectors, as well as to plausibly estimate the effects on trade. The present study also uses a large quantity of data, which is expected to add robustness to the study’s conclusion

El mercado mundial de granos y subproductos industriales

En la presente disertación se analizan la evolución de exportaciones de la Argentina de los complejos cerealero y oleaginoso, las características que reviste la demanda mundial de tales bienes y las estrategias para hacer frente a las exigencias de tales mercados.Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinari