24,683 research outputs found
Some Issues in a Gauge Model of Unparticles
We address in a recent gauge model of unparticles the issues that are
important for consistency of a gauge theory, i.e., unitarity and Ward identity
of physical amplitudes. We find that non-integrable singularities arise in
physical quantities like cross section and decay rate from gauge interactions
of unparticles. We also show that Ward identity is violated due to the lack of
a dispersion relation for charged unparticles although the Ward-Takahashi
identity for general Green functions is incorporated in the model. A previous
observation that the unparticle's (with scaling dimension d) contribution to
the gauge boson self-energy is a factor (2-d) of the particle's has been
extended to the Green function of triple gauge bosons. This (2-d) rule may be
generally true for any point Green functions of gauge bosons. This implies that
the model would be trivial even as one that mimics certain dynamical effects on
gauge bosons in which unparticles serve as an interpolating field.Comment: v1:16 pages, 3 figures. v2: some clarifications made and presentation
improved, calculation and conclusion not modified; refs added and updated.
Version to appear in EPJ
Plant functional group classifications and a generalized hierarchical framework of plant functional traits
The plant functional group concept has been proven to be an excellent research framework for investigating the linkages between ecosystem functions and plant biodiversity. The large number of plant functional group classifications however makes it difficult to compare data from different studies and draw general conclusions. In this article, we briefly review the major plant functional group classifications, and then propose a generalized hierarchical framework that incorporates plant functional traits ranging from the molecular to the biospherical level, and operating on varying spatial/temporal/disturbance scales for in-depth studies of the relationship between plant biodiversity and ecosystem characteristics. This framework may help policy makers formulate better ecological conservation and restoration plans.Keywords: Plant functional traits, relationship, biodiversity, plant functional groups, ecosystem proces
Deformation of a Trapped Fermi Gas with Unequal Spin Populations
The real-space densities of a polarized strongly-interacting two-component
Fermi gas of Li atoms reveal two low temperature regimes, both with a
fully-paired core. At the lowest temperatures, the unpolarized core deforms
with increasing polarization. Sharp boundaries between the core and the excess
unpaired atoms are consistent with a phase separation driven by a first-order
phase transition. In contrast, at higher temperatures the core does not deform
but remains unpolarized up to a critical polarization. The boundaries are not
sharp in this case, indicating a partially-polarized shell between the core and
the unpaired atoms. The temperature dependence is consistent with a tricritical
point in the phase diagram.Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter
Optimum sizing of PV/Wind hybrid system (I) CAD method
2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
Characterisation of an n-type segmented BEGe detector
A four-fold segmented n-type point-contact "Broad Energy" high-purity
germanium detector, SegBEGe, has been characterised at the Max-Planck-Institut
f\"ur Physik in Munich. The main characteristics of the detector are described
and first measurements concerning the detector properties are presented. The
possibility to use mirror pulses to determine source positions is discussed as
well as charge losses observed close to the core contact
Optimum design of PV/Wind hybrid system II. A case study
2003-2004 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishe
Renormalization Group Approach to Field Theory at Finite Temperature
Scalar field theory at finite temperature is investigated via an improved
renormalization group prescription which provides an effective resummation over
all possible non-overlapping higher loop graphs. Explicit analyses for the
lambda phi^4 theory are performed in d=4 Euclidean space for both low and high
temperature limits. We generate a set of coupled equations for the mass
parameter and the coupling constant from the renormalization group flow
equation. Dimensional reduction and symmetry restoration are also explored with
our improved approach.Comment: 29 pages, can include figures in the body of the text using epsf.st
Coarse-Graining and Renormalization Group in the Einstein Universe
The Kadanoff-Wilson renormalization group approach for a scalar
self-interacting field theor generally coupled with gravity is presented. An
average potential that monitors the fluctuations of the blocked field in
different scaling regimes is constructed in a nonflat background and explicitly
computed within the loop-expansion approximation for an Einstein universe. The
curvature turns out to be dominant in setting the crossover scale from a
double-peak and a symmetric distribution of the block variables. The evolution
of all the coupling constants generated by the blocking procedure is examined:
the renormalized trajectories agree with the standard perturbative results for
the relevant vertices near the ultraviolet fixed point, but new effective
interactions between gravity and matter are present. The flow of the conformal
coupling constant is therefore analyzed in the improved scheme and the infrared
fixed point is reached for arbitrary values of the renormalized parameters.Comment: 18 pages, REVTex, two uuencoded figures. (to appear in Phys. Rev.
D15, July) Transmission errors have been correcte
A comparison of the local spiral structure from Gaia DR2 and VLBI maser parallaxes
Context. The Gaia mission has released the second data set (Gaia DR2), which
contains parallaxes and proper motions for a large number of massive, young
stars. Aims. We investigate the spiral structure in the solar neighborhood
revealed by Gaia DR2 and compare it with that depicted by VLBI maser
parallaxes. Methods. We examined three samples with different constraints on
parallax uncertainty and distance errors and stellar spectral types: (1) all OB
stars with parallax errors of less than 10%; (2) only O-type stars with 0.1 mas
errors imposed and with parallax distance errors of less than 0.2 kpc; and (3)
only O-type stars with 0.05 mas errors imposed and with parallax distance
errors of less than 0.3 kpc. Results. In spite of the significant distance
uncertainties for stars in DR2 beyond 1.4 kpc, the spiral structure in the
solar neighborhood demonstrated by Gaia agrees well with that illustrated by
VLBI maser results. The O-type stars available from DR2 extend the spiral arm
models determined from VLBI maser parallaxes into the fourth Galactic quadrant,
and suggest the existence of a new spur between the Local and Sagittarius arms.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in A&
On the Connection Between Momentum Cutoff and Operator Cutoff Regularizations
Operator cutoff regularization based on the original Schwinger's proper-time
formalism is examined. By constructing a regulating smearing function for the
proper-time integration, we show how this regularization scheme simulates the
usual momentum cutoff prescription yet preserves gauge symmetry even in the
presence of the cutoff scales. Similarity between the operator cutoff
regularization and the method of higher (covariant) derivatives is also
observed. The invariant nature of the operator cutoff regularization makes it a
promising tool for exploring the renormalization group flow of gauge theories
in the spirit of Wilson-Kadanoff blocking transformation.Comment: 28 pages in plain TeX, no figures. revised and expande
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