Determination of some organic contaminants in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

AbstractIndependent methods for determination of organic contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides in drinking water samples, using SPE as the extraction technique and LC–MS/MS in the MRM mode with electrospray ionization, were developed and validated. Different SPE sorbents were evaluated, including lab-made fluorinated and phenyl and commercial Oasis HLB and C18, with the commercial phases being more suitable for the target compounds. Recoveries in the range of 70–120% were obtained for all target compounds, with the exception for paracetamol (acetaminophen), and precision values (inter-day and intra-day), expressed in terms of relative standard deviations (RSD), lower than 20% were obtained for all target compounds. Quantification limits were in the range of 0.006–0.208μgL−1 and the methods developed were successfully applied for the analysis of drinking water samples, detecting some pharmaceuticals and pesticides, but at concentration levels lower than the MRL

Development and validation of methodology for determination of pesticides in soybeans

Orientadores: Cesar Costapinto Santana, Isabel Cristina Sales Fontes JardimDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia QuimicaResumo: A soja é um dos principais produtos de exportação do Brasil, sendo muito empregada na alimentação, por ser um alimento funcional, rico em vitaminas, proteínas e sais minerais. A crescente demanda e a busca da qualidade da soja exigem a aplicação constante, de agrotóxicos durante o seu cultivo, sendo as vezes abusiva. Por outro lado, para garantir o bem estar da população, uma vez que a maioria dos agrotóxicos são prejudiciais à saúde, as principais agências reguladoras impõem limites máximos de resíduos para os agrotóxicos que podem estar presentes nos alimentos. Em vista disso, neste trabalho, foi desenvolvido e validado um método para determinação dos principais agrotóxicos (imazetapir, imazaquim, metsulfurom-metil, carboxim, clorimurom-etil e tebuconazol) usados nas lavouras de soja, empregando a dispersão da matriz em fase sólida (DMFS) como técnica de extração, seguida de uma etapa de cIean-up e posterior análise por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por arranjo de diodos (CLAE-DAD). Os resultados mostraram que a DMFS é adequada para amostras sólidas e complexas, como a soja, é rápida e simples, entretanto, exige a otimização de várias variáveis durante o processo de desenvolvimento da metodologia. A etapa de cIean-up foi necessária devido a quantidade de int~rferentes provenientes da matriz, que foram, na sua maioria, eliminados com o uso de uma co-coluna de C8. Permaneceram interferentes que co-eluíram nos tempos de retenção do imazetapir e do'metsulfurom, que não invalidaram suas determinações, mas prejudicaram suas quantificações. A validação da metodologia mostrou bons resultados de recuperação para todos os agrotóxicos (60 -120 %), com exceção para o metsulfurom e tebuconazol no nível mais baixo de concentração; precisão 0,90 e nenhuma tendência foi visualizada no gráfico de resíduos. O limite de quantificação do método permitiu que os limites máximos de resíduos impostos pelas agências reguladoras para todos os compostos estudados fossem atingidos, com exceção para o imazetapir, devido a co-eluição do interferente. As amostras provenientes de uma cultura de soja analisadas não apresentaram contaminação pelos agrotóxicos em estudoAbstract: Soy is one of principal Brazilian exportation products of Brazil as it is much used as a foodstuff because of its functional properties: rich in vitamins, proteins and minerais. The increasing quantity and quality of soy demands a constant and even expressive application of pesticides during soy cultivation. On the other hand, for preservation of public heath, since most pesticides may be prejudicial to health, the main regulatory agencies impose the maximum residues limits of pesticides in food. Thus, in this work, a method to determine the main pesticides applied in soy cultivation (imazethapyr, imazaquin, metsulfuron-methyl, carboxin, chlorimurom-ethyl and tebuconazole) using matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) as the extraction technique, followed by a clean-up step and subsequent chromatographic analysis by high performance liquid chromatography - diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), was developed and validated. The results have shown that MSPD is a suitable extraction procedure for solid and complex matrices, as is the case of soy and is a rapid and simple technique. However, it requires the optimization of some variables during the process of methodology development. The clean-up step was necessary because of the amount of matrix impurities, but the majority was eliminated using a C8 co-column. Remaining im.purities with the same retention time as imazethapyr and metsulfuron do not invalidate the determination but prejudice the quantification of these compounds. The validated method has shown good -results of recuperation for ali pesticides (60 - 120 %) except for metsulfuron and tebuconazole at the lowest concentration levei, precision 0.90 without visible bias. The quantification limit of the method allows determinations below the maximum residues limits for ali pesticides, except for the imazethapyr, due to the presence of an impurity. Soy samples from soy cultivation were analyzed and did not present contamination for the pesticides under studyMestradoDesenvolvimento de Processos BiotecnologicosMestre em Engenharia Químic

Modern stationary phases for reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography

This review first discusses the limitations of many of the supports and stationary phases used in reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography and then describes those, developed more recently, that present better stabilities and more versatile selectivities. Emphases will be given to stationary phases that use higher purity silicas, hybrid silicas, monolithic silicas, metallic oxides and mixed oxides as supports and those that have embedded polar groups or contain phenyl or fluoro groups as the stationary phase as well as the phases used for mixed mode or hydrophilic interaction separations. These modern stationary phases facilitate the analysis of complex mixtures.15591568Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Lipids and Fatty Acids in Human Milk: Benefits and Analysis

Human milk is related to the physiological and nutritional welfare of newborns, providing the necessary dietary energy, physiologically active compounds and essential nutrients for breastfed babies. Human milk fat has an important position as energy source, structural and regulatory functions, being one of the most important components of breast milk. It provides approximately 50–60% of the energy of the human milk, and its composition in fatty acids defines its nutritional and physico-chemical properties. Furthermore, human milk contains the long-chain polyunsaturated essential fatty acids (LCPUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (AA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which is important for appropriate development of baby’s organs, tissues and nervous system. This chapter will address the benefits associated with the consumption of human milk (health, nutritional, immunological and developmental benefits) as well as the analysis applied to determine the lipid quality of this powerful food

Stationary phases of poly(methyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane) immobilized onto silica supports for reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography : preparation and characterization

Orientador: Isabel Cristina Sales Fontes JardimTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de QuimicaResumo: Novas fases estacionárias (FE) fluoradas foram preparadas a partir da imobilização do poli(metil-3,3,3-trifluorpropilsiloxano) (PMTFS) em partículas de sílica Kromasil de 5 mm, por tratamento termico (TT) ou por radiação micro-ondas (RM). As condições de imobilização otimizadas através do emprego de planejamento de experimentos foram, 200 °C por 12 horas para o TT e 126 °C (760 W) por 50 minutos para a RM. A caracterização físico-quimica permitiu concluir que o polímero ficou fisicamente adsorvido e também quimicamente ligado a superfície do suporte cromatografico, em ambos os procedimentos de imobilização, resultando em porcentagens de carbono de 9 % e 10 % para as FE obtidas por TT e por RM, respectivamente. A caracterização cromatográfica mostrou que as FE desenvolvidas apresentaram eficiências > 70.000 N m, características hidrofóbicas, seletividade estérica e metilênica e uma pequena interação entre os compostos básicos e os grupos silanóis residuais. Esta redução das interações indesejáveis pode estar associada com a presença dos átomos de fluor que promovem diferentes interações com os compostos básicos e, dessa forma, reduzem estes efeitos. As FE fluoradas foram seletivas para a separação de isômeros de posição e de fármacos, sendo uma alternativa atrativa as FE tradicionaisAbstract: New fluorinated stationary phases (SP) were prepared through thermal or microwave immobilization of poly(methyl-3,3,3-trifluoropropylsiloxane) (PMTFS) onto 5 mm Kromasil silica particles. The immobilization conditions were optimized employing experimental design and resulted in 200 °C for 12 hours for thermal treatment and 126 °C (760 W) for 50 minutes for microwave irradiation. Physical-chemical characterization showed that the polymer was both physically adsorbed and chemically bonded to the chromatographic support, in both immobilization procedures, resulting in a percent carbon load of 9 % and 10 % for the SP immobilized by thermal treatment and by microwave irradiation, respectively. Chromatographic characterization showed that the SP developed presented efficiencies > 70 000 N m, hydrophobic characteristics, steric and methylene selectivity and small interactions between the basic compounds and the residual silanol groups. This reduction of the undesirable interactions can be associated to the presence of the fluorine atoms that promote different interactions with the basic compounds and thus reduce these effects. The fluorinated SP were selective for the separation of positional isomers and pharmaceuticals and are an attractive alternative to the classical reversed stationary phasesDoutoradoQuimica AnaliticaDoutor em Ciência

O estado da arte da cromatografia líquida de ultra eficiência The state of art of ultra performance liquid chromatography

<abstract language="eng">Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) retains the same principles as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), but uses 1-2.1 mm i.d. columns with sub-2 µm particles. It is considered the newest advance in analytical separation science. The use of these small particles with mobile phases at high linear velocities increases resolution and detectability and decreases analysis time. Thus, the analyses are faster, the solvent volume is smaller, the efficiency is higher and the detectability is 2-3 times higher when compared with HPLC analysis

Copolímeros em bloco, síntese, modificação e avaliação de sua temperatura de transição vítra

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Copolímeros em bloco, síntese, modificação e avaliação de sua temperatura de transição vítra

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