Model Rute dan Peta Interaktif Posyandu di Kota Semarang Menggunakan Geolocation dan Haversine Berbasis Mobile Android

Users of mobile phones with android operating system is increasing from year to year as more affordable. Thisgives the potential use of mobile phones as a means of disseminating information. As the capital of Central Java,Semarang has a variety of health care facilities which include Posyandu is always used by the surroundingcommunity. However, not all locations Posyandu known by the public because they lack information about thelocation. It is necessary for the navigation application Posyandu in Semarang. The purpose of this research ishow to design the application model and the location of Posyandu in real time with the geolocation methods andformulas Haversine. The method used is the Systems Development Life Cycle. System analysis model using UseCase Diagrams, Activity Diagrams, Sequence Diagrams and Class Diagrams. Results of this research is theapplication of navigation map based on Android mobile can provide information about the existence of thelocation, route and distance Posyandu. Results of this application is important for people who need drivingdirections Posyandu location. With this application is expected the results will help the public to obtaininformation and the location of the neighborhood health center (posyandu) in the city of Semarang can be met

Analysis of relationship among visual evoked potential, oscillatory potential and visual acuity under stimulated weightlessness

AIM: To observe the influence of head-down tilt simulated weightlessness on visual evoked potential(VEP), oscillatory potentials(OPs)and visual acuity, and analyse the relationship among them. METHODS: Head-down tilt for -6° was adopted in 14 healthy volunteers. Distant visual acuity, near visual acuity, VEP and OPs were recorded before, two days and five days after trial. The record procedure of OPs followed the ISCEV standard for full-field clinical electroretinography(2008 update). RESULTS: Significant differences were detected in the amplitude of P100 waves and ∑OPs among various time points(P<0.05). But no relationship was observed among VEP, OPs and visual acuity. CONCLUSION: Head-down tilt simulated weightlessness induce the rearrange of blood of the whole body including eyes, which can make the change of visual electrophysiology but not visual acuity

Wideband, Low-Profile, Dual-Polarized Slot Antenna with an AMC Surface for Wireless Communications

A wideband dual-polarized slot antenna loaded with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed for WLAN/WIMAX and LTE applications. The slot antenna mainly consists of two pairs of arrow-shaped slots along the diagonals of the square patch. Stepped microstrip feedlines are placed orthogonally to excite the horizontal and vertical polarizations of the antenna. To realize unidirectional radiation and low profile, an AMC surface composed of 7 × 7 unit cells is designed underneath a distance of 0.09λ0 (λ0 being the wavelength in free space at 2.25 GHz) from the slot antenna. Both the dual-polarized slot antenna and the AMC surface are fabricated and measured. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed antenna achieves for both polarizations a wide impedance bandwidth (return loss 10 dB) of 36.7%, operating from 1.96 to 2.84 GHz. The isolation between the two input ports keeps higher than 29 dB whereas the cross-polarization levels basically maintain lower than −30 dB across the entire frequency band. High front-to-back ratios better than 22 dB and a stable gain higher than 8 dBi are obtained over the whole band

Biomass Photoreforming for Hydrogen and Value-Added Chemicals Co-Production on Hierarchically Porous Photocatalysts

Biomass, a naturally abundant, sustainable and clean resource has great potential as an alternative to replace the limited fossil feedstock for value-added chemicals and fuels. Biomass with abundant reductive functional groups could theoretically act as electron donor to consume photogenerated holes and/or active free radicals. Biomass photoreforming over semiconductor photocatalysts using solar light as energy input attracts much attention in this context. However, biomass photoreforming still suffers low conversion efficiency and product selectivity due to its structural complexity, poor solubility and unclear reaction mechanism. Owing to the advanced features of mass diffusion of biomass derivatives and adjustable surface properties, hierarchically porous photocatalysts with desired active sites at each length scale of porosity have shown their superiority in boosting the conversion efficiency and selectivity of biomass photoreforming. Herein, a critical review is presented on selective biomass photoreforming for simultaneous H2 and value-added chemicals co-production on hierarchically porous photocatalysts. The fundamentals of biomass photoreforming and current bottleneck of biomass valorization by photocatalytic process are presented and analyzed. The rational photocatalyst design with hierarchically porous structure to improve the biomass conversion and product selectivity by boosting mass transfer is highlighted. Finally the challenges and opportunities for photocatalytic biomass valorization are presented in the perspective ssection.</p

Apolipoprotein A1 suppresses the hypoxia-induced angiogenesis of human retinal endothelial cells by targeting PlGF

AIM: To investigate the anti-angiogenic effect of apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) on primary human retinal vascular endothelial cells (HRECs) and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS: The primary HRECs were transfected with apoA1-GFP recombinant lentiviral and were compared with cells undergoing transfection with empty lentiviral vectors. Hypoxia chambers were used to simulate the anoxic environment of cells under pathological condition. The concentrations of secreted vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cell migration ability was detected by wound healing assay. The sprouting of HRECs was determined by tube formation assay. The protein levels of extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) were measured by Western blot. RESULTS: Overexpressed apoA1 in hypoxia-induced HRECs significantly suppressed PlGF (0.67±0.10 folds, P=0.007). Overexpressed apoA1 also attenuated hypoxia-induced cell migration (0.32±0.11 folds, P<0.0001), tube formation (0.66±0.01 folds, P<0.0001) and the phosphorylation levels of ERK (0.6±0.11 folds, P=0.025). Pretreatment of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor (U0126) further reduced the PlGF and angiogenesis in hypoxia-induced HRECs. CONCLUSION: ApoA1 inhibits the angiogenesis at least in part by inactivating ERK1/2 in hypoxia-induced HRECs. Moreover, apoA1 suppresses the PlGF expression, which selectively associated with pathological angiogenesis

Clinical features and therapeutic outcomes of GH/TSH cosecreting pituitary adenomas: experience of a single pituitary center

BackgroundGrowth hormone (GH)/thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) cosecreting pituitary adenoma (PA) is an exceedingly rare kind of bihormonal pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Its clinical characteristics have rarely been reported.ObjectivesThis study aimed to summarize the clinical characteristics and experience of diagnosis and treatment among patients with mixed GH/TSH PAs from a single center.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed GH/TSH cosecreting PAs from 2063 patients diagnosed with GH-secreting PAs admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 1st, 2010, and August 30th, 2022, to investigate the clinical characteristics, hormone detection, imaging findings, treatment patterns and outcomes of follow-up. We further compared these mixed adenomas with age- and sex-matched cases of GH mono-secreting PAs (GHPAs). The data of the included subjects were collected using electronic records from the hospital’s information system.ResultsBased on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 GH/TSH cosecreting PAs were included. The average age of symptom onset was 41.6 ± 14.9 years old, and delayed diagnosis occurred in 57.1% (12/21) of patients. Thyrotoxicosis was the most common complaint (10/21, 47.6%). The median inhibition rates of GH and TSH in octreotide suppression tests were 79.1% [68.8%, 82.0%] and 94.7% [88.2%, 97.0%], respectively. All these mixed PAs were macroadenomas, and 23.8% (5/21) of them were giant adenomas. Comprehensive treatment strategies comprised of two or more therapy methods were applied in 66.7% (14/21) of patients. Complete remission of both GH and TSH was accomplished in one-third of cases. In the comparison with the matched GHPA subjects, the mixed GH/TSH group presented with a higher maximum diameter of the tumor (24.0 [15.0, 36.0] mm vs. 14.7 [10.8, 23.0] mm, P = 0.005), a greater incidence of cavernous sinus invasion (57.1% vs. 23.8%, P = 0.009) and a greater difficulty of long-term remission (28.6% vs. 71.4%, P &lt;0.001). In addition, higher occurrence rates of arrhythmia (28.6% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.004), heart enlargement (33.3% vs. 4.8%, P = 0.005) and osteopenia/osteoporosis (33.3% vs. 2.4%, P = 0.001) were observed in the mixed PA group.ConclusionThere are great challenges in the treatment and management of GH/TSH cosecreting PA. Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary therapy and careful follow-up are required to improve the prognosis of this bihormonal PA

Biomarkers for Early Diagnostic of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Type-2 Diabetes Patients: A Multicentre, Retrospective, Nested Case–Control Study

AbstractBackgroundBoth type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are common age-associated disorders and T2DM patients show an increased risk to suffer from AD, however, there is currently no marker to identify who in T2DM populations will develop AD. Since glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activity, ApoE genotypes and olfactory function are involved in both T2DM and AD pathogenesis, we investigate whether alterations of these factors can identify cognitive impairment in T2DM patients.MethodsThe cognitive ability was evaluated using Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was diagnosed by Petersen's criteria. GSK-3β activity in platelet, ApoE genotypes in leucocytes and the olfactory function were detected by Western/dot blotting, the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) PCR and the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) test, respectively. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of the biomarkers for MCI diagnosis were calculated by logistic regression. The diagnostic capability of the biomarkers was evaluated by receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses.FindingsWe recruited 694 T2DM patients from Jan. 2012 to May. 2015 in 5 hospitals (Wuhan), and 646 of them met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. 345 patients in 2 hospitals were assigned to the training set, and 301 patients in another 3 hospitals assigned to the validation set. Patients in each set were randomly divided into two groups: T2DM without MCI (termed T2DM-nMCI) or with MCI (termed T2DM-MCI). There were no significant differences for sex, T2DM years, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary disease, complications, insulin treatment, HbA1c, ApoE ε2, ApoE ε3, tGSK3β and pS9GSK3β between the two groups. Compared with the T2DM-nMCI group, T2DM-MCI group showed lower MMSE score with older age, ApoE ε4 allele, higher olfactory score and higher rGSK-3β (ratio of total GSK-3β to Ser9-phosphorylated GSK-3β) in the training set and the validation set. The OR values of age, ApoE ε4 gene, olfactory score and rGSK-3β were 1.09, 2.09, 1.51, 10.08 in the training set, and 1.06, 2.67, 1.47, 7.19 in the validation set, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of age, ApoE ε4 gene, olfactory score and rGSK-3β were 0.76, 0.72, 0.66, 0.79 in the training set, and 0.70, 0.68, 0.73, 0.79 in the validation set, respectively. These four combined biomarkers had the area under the curve (AUC) of 82% and 86%, diagnostic accuracy of 83% and 81% in the training set and the validation set, respectively.InterpretationAging, activation of peripheral circulating GSK-3β, expression of ApoE ε4 and increase of olfactory score are diagnostic for the mild cognitive impairment in T2DM patients, and combination of these biomarkers can improve the diagnostic accuracy

Breath-, air- and surface-borne SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought an unprecedented crisis to the global health sector. When discharging COVID-19 patients in accordance with throat or nasal swab protocols using RT-PCR, the potential risk of reintroducing the infection source to humans and the environment must be resolved. Here, 14 patients including 10 COVID-19 subjects were recruited; exhaled breath condensate (EBC), air samples and surface swabs were collected and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four hospitals with applied natural ventilation and disinfection practices in Wuhan. Here we discovered that 22.2% of COVID-19 patients (n = 9), who were ready for hospital discharge based on current guidelines, had SARS-CoV-2 in their exhaled breath (~10⁵ RNA copies/m³). Although fewer surface swabs (3.1%, n = 318) tested positive, medical equipment such as face shield frequently contacted/used by healthcare workers and the work shift floor were contaminated by SARS-CoV-2 (3–8 viruses/cm²). Three of the air samples (n = 44) including those collected using a robot-assisted sampler were detected positive by a digital PCR with a concentration level of 9–219 viruses/m³. RT-PCR diagnosis using throat swab specimens had a failure rate of more than 22% in safely discharging COVID-19 patients who were otherwise still exhaling the SARS-CoV-2 by a rate of estimated ~1400 RNA copies per minute into the air. Direct surface contact might not represent a major transmission route, and lower positive rate of air sample (6.8%) was likely due to natural ventilation (1.6–3.3 m/s) and regular disinfection practices. While there is a critical need for strengthening hospital discharge standards in preventing re-emergence of COVID-19 spread, use of breath sample as a supplement specimen could further guard the hospital discharge to ensure the safety of the public and minimize the pandemic re-emergence risk