incidence Trends in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer among Women in the United States From 2010 to 2019 By Race/Ethnicity, age and Tumor Stage

There were substantial ethnic disparities in the incidence rates of triple-negative breast cancer, but few studies were conducted on the incidence trend of triple-negative breast cancer by race/ethnicity. This study aimed to address the longer trends in the incidence of triple-negative breast cancer by race/ethnicity in women from 2010 to 2019, examine the incidence trends by patient age, tumor stage and time periods, and explore the changing proportions of three component receptors over time for triple-negative breast cancer. Our study identified 573,168 women with incident breast cancer at age ≥20 years between 2010 and 2019 in 18 SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) registries. Of them, 62,623 (10.9%) were incident triple-negative breast cancer and 510,545 were non-triple negative breast cancer cases. The denominator of population included 320,117,009 women aged ≥20 in the same SEER areas. The study found that overall age-adjusted incidence rate of triple-negative breast cancer in women aged ≥20 years was 18.3 cases per 100,000 women. Age-adjusted incidence rate of triple-negative breast cancer was the highest in black women (33.8 cases per 100,000 women), followed by white (17.5), American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) (14.7), Hispanic (14.7), and Asian women (12.4). The significantly higher age-adjusted incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in black women as compared to white women appeared to be limited in younger women aged 20-44 only. Annual percentage changes in age-adjusted incidence of triple-negative breast cancer slightly decreased insignificantly in white, black and Asian women aged 20-44 and 45-54 years. There was a statistically significant annual percentage increase in age-adjusted incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Asian and black women aged ≥55 years. In conclusion, there was a significantly higher incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in black women aged 20-44 years. From 2010 to 2019, there were no significant annual percentage changes in age-adjusted incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in all ethnic groups of women aged \u3c55 \u3eyears, with the exception of a significant decrease among AIAN women aged 45-54 years. However, there was a statistically significant annual percentage increase in age-adjusted incidence of triple-negative breast cancer in Asian and black women aged ≥55 years

Angiotensin-Ii Stimulating Vs inhibiting antihypertensive Drugs and the Risk of alzheimer\u27s Disease or Related Dementia in a Large Cohort of Older Patients With Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND: Several previous studies showed that patients who received angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive medications had a lower incident dementia rate than those angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensive users, but no study has been conducted in long-term cancer survivors. OBJECTIVES: to determine the risk of Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) and related dementia (ADRD) associated with the types of antihypertensive medications in a large cohort of survivors with colorectal cancer in 2007-2015 with follow-up from 2007 to 2016. METHODS: We identified 58,699 men and women with colorectal cancer aged 65 or older from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked database in 17 SEER areas in 2007-2015 with follow-up to 2016, who were free of any diagnosed ADRD at the baseline (within 12 months prior to and 12 months after the date of diagnosis for colorectal cancer). All patients who were defined as having hypertension by ICD diagnosis code or received antihypertensive drugs during this baseline 2-year period were classified into 6 groups based on whether they received angiotensin-II stimulating or inhibiting antihypertensive drugs. RESULTS: Crude cumulative incidence rates of AD and ADRD were similar between those who received angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive medications (4.3% and 21.7%) and those receiving angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensive medications (4.2% and 23.5%). As compared to patients who received angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive drugs, those who received angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensives were significantly more likely to develop AD (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.01-1.32), vascular dementias (1.27, 1.06-1.53), and total ADRD (1.21, 1.14-1.28) after adjusting for potential confounders. These results remained similar after adjusting for medication adherence and considering death as a competing risk. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of AD and ADRD in patients with hypertension who received angiotensin II-inhibiting antihypertensive medications was higher than in those receiving angiotensin II-stimulating antihypertensive drugs in patients with colorectal cancer

Uncertain Knowledge Reasoning Based on the Fuzzy Multi-Entity Bayesian Network

With the rapid development of the semantic web and the ever-growing size of uncertain data, representing and reasoning uncertain information has become a great challenge for the semantic web application developers. In this paper, we present a novel reasoning framework based on the representation of fuzzy PR-OWL. Firstly, the paper gives an overview of the previous research work on uncertainty knowledge representation and reasoning, incorporates Ontology into the fuzzy Multi Entity Bayesian Networks theory, and introduces fuzzy PR-OWL, an Ontology language based on OWL2. Fuzzy PR-OWL describes fuzzy semantics and uncertain relations and gives grammatical definition and semantic interpretation. Secondly, the paper explains the integration of the Fuzzy Probability theory and the Belief Propagation algorithm. The influencing factors of fuzzy rules are added to the belief that is propagated between the nodes to create a reasoning framework based on fuzzy PR-OWL. After that, the reasoning process, including the SSFBN structure algorithm, data fuzzification, reasoning of fuzzy rules, and fuzzy belief propagation, is scheduled. Finally, compared with the classical algorithm from the aspect of accuracy and time complexity, our uncertain data representation and reasoning method has higher accuracy without significantly increasing time complexity, which proves the feasibility and validity of our solution to represent and reason uncertain information

Probing the structural hierarchy and energy landscape of an RNA T-loop hairpin

The T-loop motif is an important recurrent RNA structural building block consisting of a U-turn sub-motif and a UA trans Watson–Crick/Hoogsteen base pair. In the presence of a hairpin stem, the UA non-canonical base pair becomes part of the UA-handle motif. To probe the hierarchical organization and energy landscape of the T-loop, we performed replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations of the T-loop in isolation and as part of a hairpin. Our simulations reveal that the isolated T-loop adopts coil conformers stabilized by base stacking. The T-loop hairpin shows a highly rugged energy landscape featuring multiple local minima with a transition state for folding consisting of partially zipped states. The U-turn displays a high conformational flexibility both when the T-loop is in isolation and as part of a hairpin. On the other hand, the stability of the UA non-canonical base pair is enhanced in the presence of the UA-handle. This motif is apparently a key component for stabilizing the T-loop, while the U-turn is mostly involved in long-range interaction. Our results suggest that the stability and folding of small RNA motifs are highly dependent on local context

A feedforward air-conditioning energy management method for high-speed railway sleeper compartment

In this paper, we propose a feedforward air conditioning temperature control method for high-speed railway locomotives with sleeper compartments to improve energy efficiency. First, we construct the geometric model of two typical types of compartments and three types of passengers. Then, based on the analysis of possible passenger layout patterns in each compartment, we utilize computational fluid dynamics simulations to calculate the optimal air volume for each pattern. The optimal air volume is calculated to guarantee the passenger comfort level and reduce the energy cost. In addition, we adopt an image recognition method to detect the number and types of passengers in each compartment. Passenger layout patterns serve as independent variables to determine the corresponding optimal air volume. Finally, numerical simulations were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method

Coupling effect of ultrasonic vibration and beam oscillation on FQZ soften inhibition of laser welded Al-Mg alloy joints

A novel ultrasonic vibration assisted laser beam oscillation welding (UV-LBOW) method was developed and applied on the butt-welding of Al-Mg alloy sheets. Due to the synergistic enhancement of the molten pool flow by ultrasound vibration and laser beam oscillation, the microstructure morphology of fusion zone (FZ) was comprised of equiaxed grains. Additionly, a uniform element distribution was generated from the boundary to the center of the FZ. An enhanced tensile strength of 347 MPa and a fraction elongation of 19.0 % were obtained due to the grain refinement and solid solution strengthening effects